Use FFmpeg’s scale filter to produce a 1920×1080 video stream, preserve the source’s aspect ratio, loop the input file, and send the result to YouTube over RTMPS. A mismatched source shape requires a choice: keep the whole picture with bars or crop the edges to fill 16:9. The examples below show both approaches and the live settings to check.
Choose how the source should fit 1080p
“1080p” usually means a 1920×1080 output frame. If your video is not 16:9, scaling it directly to both dimensions can distort people, gameplay, and other objects. Decide whether to preserve the full image or fill the frame by cropping.
Keep the full image with padding
This example scales the video to fit within 1920×1080, then adds black padding where needed so the output frame is exactly 1920×1080:
scale=1920:1080:force_original_aspect_ratio=decrease,pad=1920:1080:(ow-iw)/2:(oh-ih)/2
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The complete source image remains visible, but a non-16:9 source will have bars on two sides.
Fill 16:9 by cropping
This alternative scales until the frame is filled, then crops the excess:
scale=1920:1080:force_original_aspect_ratio=increase,crop=1920:1080
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The output fills the frame, but some of the source image is lost at the edges. Check important gameplay HUD elements and subtitles before choosing this option.
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FFmpeg’s scale filter documentation describes width and height expressions and aspect-ratio constraints. The filter is applied to the video stream; it does not improve detail absent from a lower-resolution source.
Loop the complete file and stream it to YouTube
For replaying a whole file, use FFmpeg’s input-loop option rather than the video loop filter. The filter repeats buffered frames; for example, loop=loop=-1:size=1:start=0 repeats one frame, not an entire video. The filter documentation defines size as the buffered frame count and start as the first frame.
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Example command pattern for an H.264 1080p30 stream using the “keep full image” filter:
ffmpeg -re -stream_loop -1 -i input.mp4 -vf "scale=1920:1080:force_original_aspect_ratio=decrease,pad=1920:1080:(ow-iw)/2:(oh-ih)/2" -c:v libx264 -preset veryfast -b:v 5M -maxrate 5M -bufsize 10M -r 30 -g 60 -keyint_min 60 -sc_threshold 0 -c:a aac -b:a 128k -ar 44100 -f flv "rtmps://YOUR_INGEST_URL/YOUR_STREAM_KEY"
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FFmpeg’s command documentation explains -vf as the simple video-filter option and -re as input pacing at the native frame rate, useful for real-time output. See FFmpeg documentation. Confirm input-loop option syntax against the FFmpeg version installed on your system.
Set live encoder values to match the stream
YouTube’s current encoder guidance, accessed 2026-10-03, recommends RTMPS, CBR bitrate encoding, a two-second keyframe interval (not over four seconds), and up to 60 fps. The recommended bitrate depends on the codec and frame rate; these are the H.264 values from YouTube’s table:
| Output | Minimum H.264 bitrate | Recommended H.264 bitrate |
|---|---|---|
| 1080p30 | 5 Mbps | 14 Mbps |
| 1080p60 | 6 Mbps | 17 Mbps |
The example command uses 5 Mbps as a basic 1080p30 starting point, not YouTube’s recommended bitrate. For 1080p30, the example’s -g 60 sets a 60-frame GOP, equivalent to two seconds at 30 fps. If you change frame rate, adjust the GOP to retain a two-second interval. Choose the bitrate row for the actual codec and frame rate; YouTube lists separate ranges for H.265 and AV1 as well. Its guidance recommends a bitrate your connection can sustain and an upload-speed test. See YouTube’s encoder settings.
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YouTube Help says: “We recommend streaming to YouTube Live with RTMPS, a secure extension to the popular RTMP streaming video protocol.”
Test the stream and diagnose common failures
A command that runs locally does not establish that YouTube is receiving a healthy stream. Test with representative motion and audio, then watch YouTube Live Control Room’s stream-health messages during the broadcast.
- Picture looks stretched: do not force a mismatched source directly into 1920×1080. Use the fit-and-pad filter to retain the image or the scale-and-crop filter to fill the frame.
- Bars or missing edges: these are the expected tradeoff between fitting and filling. Switch filters only after checking that the alternative will not hide important content.
- YouTube reports unstable or insufficient bitrate: check upload capacity and select a sustainable rate from the row matching your resolution, frame rate, and codec. YouTube recommends testing upload speed and choosing a reliable quality.
- Stream is rejected or does not appear: verify the RTMPS ingest address and stream key copied from Live Control Room, the output codec/container options, and that the broadcast is configured to receive the stream.
- Unexpected freeze or repeated still frame: check whether a frame-loop filter was used in place of whole-file input looping. A filter configured with a one-frame buffer will repeat that frame.
Looping an input file and configuring encoder output do not themselves establish reconnection or process-restart behavior. For a continuous broadcast, monitor the process and YouTube’s health reporting rather than assuming a running command will recover from every interruption.
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