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For a live FFmpeg audio feed, use the loudnorm filter in single-pass mode and choose its integrated loudness (I), loudness range (LRA) and maximum true peak (TP) targets for the stream’s actual delivery requirements. FFmpeg supports single-pass normalization for livestreams, but its documentation does not set an India-specific target or establish what a particular platform requires.
Use loudnorm in single-pass mode for a live feed
FFmpeg describes loudnorm as an EBU R128 loudness-normalization filter with dynamic and linear modes. Its documentation explicitly supports single-pass operation for livestreams; double-pass operation is documented for files. For a continuous live input, a single-pass command is the practical starting point because it does not require measuring the whole program in advance.
This is a filtering example, not a complete 24/7 streaming setup. Replace the input, output destination, audio encoding and any other options to match your source and destination. The numeric loudness values are illustrative only: they are not an official recommendation, compliance claim or universal target for Indian music.
ffmpeg -re -i INPUT -af "loudnorm=I=-18:LRA=11:TP=-2" -c:a aac -b:a 192k -f flv OUTPUTConfirm the target with the destination platform or distribution chain before treating it as a requirement. The FFmpeg reference specifies the filter’s controls and valid ranges, but does not select targets for this use case. See the FFmpeg Filters Documentation, section 8.97, loudnorm.
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Choose targets with the delivery chain in mind
What the three controls mean
Iis the target integrated loudness: the overall loudness level the filter aims for across the audio.LRAis the target loudness range: it guides how much loudness variation the filter aims to preserve.TPis the maximum true-peak target: it limits peaks while accounting for inter-sample peaks.
FFmpeg’s current filter documentation lists these defaults: I=-24.0, LRA=7.0 and TP=-2.0. They are filter defaults, not an Indian broadcast standard or a platform mandate. The documented parameter ranges are I from -70 to -5, LRA from 1 to 50, and TP from -9 to 0. All figures here describe FFmpeg filter options, not audience or streaming statistics.
Dynamic mode and true-peak detection
In dynamic mode, FFmpeg upsamples internally to 192 kHz for true-peak detection. That does not mean the encoded stream must be delivered at 192 kHz. If you want a particular output sample rate, specify it with -ar or use aresample, as the filter reference advises.
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When linear mode fits
Linear normalization needs measured integrated loudness, loudness range, true peak and threshold values. It is therefore better suited to prepared files that can be measured before processing than to an unmeasured live input. FFmpeg says linear mode falls back to dynamic mode if the target LRA is lower than the source LRA, or if the required integrated-loudness change would push true peak above the target.
Prepare files differently from live input
If your music is available as files before broadcast, a two-pass workflow lets you measure first and then normalize using those measurements. FFmpeg documents double-pass mode for files, not livestreams. Use it when you can analyze the material in advance and need the measurements required for linear mode; use single-pass mode when the audio is arriving live.
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For mono audio intended to play back in stereo, review the filter’s dual_mono option. FFmpeg notes that ordinary EBU R128 measurement may be perceptually inaccurate in that case. Whether the option is appropriate depends on the source and playback setup.
Separate loudness normalization from 24/7 operations
loudnorm addresses loudness processing; the filter documentation does not establish playlist handling, automatic restarts, recovery after a connection failure, or uninterrupted 24/7 uptime. Those behaviors depend on the rest of the streaming setup and need their own operational design and verification. A normalizing command alone should not be presented as a fault-tolerant service.
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