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First identify which playlist FFmpeg is reading. A local concat script (often a text file passed with -f concat) and an HLS .m3u8 playlist are different formats with different failure modes. For a local concat script, check its syntax and paths, then compare the files’ streams and durations; looping or pacing options will not fix a malformed list. HLS-specific checks apply only when you send HLS to YouTube.
Identify the playlist type before changing the command
A local concat script tells FFmpeg which files to read in sequence. FFmpeg’s concat demuxer treats the listed files as a virtual concatenation, as if their packets were muxed together. An HLS media playlist instead describes media segments for an HLS ingest workflow.
- Local concat to YouTube over RTMP: inspect the script, paths, stream compatibility, and duration-derived timestamps.
- HLS sent to YouTube: inspect the playlist type and segment naming. YouTube’s HLS guidance says it supports Media Playlists and ignores Master Playlists. See Google’s HLS ingestion guidance.
Do not apply HLS playlist rules to a local concat list just because the output is a YouTube live stream. FFmpeg’s concat documentation is at FFmpeg formats: concat demuxer.
Check the concat script’s first line, entries, and paths
Use the exact format marker when you include it
A basic native concat script can look like this:
ffconcat version 1.0
file '/media/one.mp4'
file '/media/two.mp4'
For automatic recognition, ffconcat version 1.0 must be the exact first line, with no extra whitespace or byte-order mark before it. If using a regular text filename rather than relying on automatic detection, specify -f concat in the command.
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Verify every listed file and its spelling
- Check that each
fileline names the intended file, in the intended order. - Confirm every path exists and the account running FFmpeg can read it.
- Quote or escape spaces and special characters according to concat-script syntax; shell quoting rules do not automatically substitute for concat-file escaping rules.
- Use
-safe 0only if the default safety policy rejects a path you need. It relaxes path restrictions; it does not fix a typo, missing file, or permission problem.
For example, a command might read a local script with -f concat -safe 0 -i playlist.txt. Whether -safe 0 is necessary depends on the paths and FFmpeg’s safety checks.
Compare the media streams in every entry
The concat demuxer expects the files to have the same streams, codecs, and time bases. If one item has a different stream layout or incompatible parameters, the sequence may fail or behave differently than intended; stream-copy concatenation cannot bridge arbitrary format differences.
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Use ffprobe on the entries, especially the file immediately before and after the apparent skip. Compare stream count and, as applicable, video codec and dimensions, audio codec, sample rate, channel layout, and time base. If the inputs do not meet concat requirements, normalize or transcode them to a compatible layout before concatenating.
Check durations and timestamps for apparent skips
Concat adjusts timestamps so the first file starts at zero and each later file starts where the previous one is expected to end. It derives placement from file durations; inaccurate duration information, a truncated file, or streams with different lengths can produce timestamp artifacts or gaps. A file may therefore seem skipped even if its packets were read.
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- Compare FFmpeg’s reported duration with the actual playable duration of the suspect file.
- Check the log for timestamp, duration, or muxer errors around the transition.
- If probing gives the wrong duration and you know a reliable duration, add an explicit
durationdirective for that file in the concat script.
Do not add a guessed duration: a wrong override can shift the following entry just as a bad inferred duration can. See the concat demuxer documentation for timestamp and duration behavior.
Keep looping and real-time pacing separate from file discovery
-stream_loop -1 repeats an input indefinitely; -re reads a file input at real-time speed. These options control looping and pacing. They do not repair invalid script syntax, inaccessible paths, incompatible streams, or incorrect durations. FFmpeg’s command-line documentation describes these options at ffmpeg documentation.
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Illustrative command shape only—replace the paths and ingest URL with your actual values, and confirm the output protocol and format for your YouTube ingest setup:
ffmpeg -re -stream_loop -1 -f concat -safe 0 -i playlist.txt
-c:v libx264 -c:a aac -f flv 'rtmp://a.rtmp.youtube.com/live2/REPLACE_WITH_STREAM_KEY'
This is not a universal command. The shown re-encoding choices may not fit every source or output configuration; copy mode works only when the source streams satisfy the relevant constraints. Test a short local run and inspect the FFmpeg log before reconnecting the live output. Never expose a real YouTube stream key in logs, screenshots, or a public support post.
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If you are sending HLS to YouTube
This branch applies when FFmpeg sends HLS, not when it reads a local concat script and pushes RTMP. YouTube’s HLS ingest guidance says to use a Media Playlist; it ignores Master Playlists. It also says media segment filenames should remain unique across encoder reboots and stream restarts, so reused names can create a separate ingest problem. Consult Google’s HLS ingestion documentation for the HLS-specific requirements.
Run a focused diagnosis before changing the live setup
To distinguish a genuinely unprocessed entry from one that is black, silent, timestamp-shifted, incompatible, or rejected by the muxer, gather evidence around the first apparent omission:
- The complete FFmpeg command, with the stream key redacted.
- The playlist text, preserving file order; redact private paths if necessary without obscuring their structure.
- The output of
ffmpeg -version, because current FFmpeg documentation may differ from the installed release. - Log lines surrounding the transition where the item should appear.
ffprobeoutput for the entry before and the entry after the apparent skip, plus the suspect entry if it is different.
Without these details, there is no reliable way to name one root cause. Use the checks above as diagnostic branches rather than assuming the file was skipped for a particular reason.
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