The Tool Desk
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Build the video-and-logo filter graph
Keep the video and logo as separate inputs. The filter graph combines the video stream and image stream, and -map sends the composited result to the output. For a transparent logo, use an image format such as PNG that contains an alpha channel.
ffmpeg -i video.mp4 -i logo.png
-filter_complex "[0:v][1:v]overlay=20:20[outv]"
-map "[outv]" -map 0:a?
[encoding options] -f flv [YouTube ingest URL]This is a command structure, not a tested, universal copy-and-run command: replace the bracketed parts with valid options and your ingest URL. FFmpeg’s documentation demonstrates using separate video and image inputs, the overlay filter and mapping the filtered output. See the FFmpeg documentation.
Position and size the logo
In overlay=20:20, the two numbers place the logo 20 pixels from the video’s left edge and 20 pixels from its top edge. Adjust them to suit your frame and artwork. If the image is too large, scale it in the filter graph before overlaying it; the appropriate dimensions depend on your video and logo. Keep the logo clear of important on-screen information.
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Map the audio you intend to broadcast
-map 0:a? asks FFmpeg to include audio from the first input when that input has an audio stream; the question mark makes that mapping optional. If your audio comes from a different input, map that input instead. Confirm the output has the video and audio streams you want before connecting to YouTube.
Loop the source and pace playback in real time
Looping is an input concern, separate from the overlay filter. FFmpeg documents input looping and image-input behavior in its full documentation. Put an input option before the input it configures, and check the documentation for your installed FFmpeg version and source format. A loop value of -1 is commonly used to request indefinite looping, but verify that behavior with your build and media.
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When broadcasting a file at normal speed, use real-time pacing so FFmpeg does not send the file as fast as it can read it. Choose a video and audio encoding setup supported by the YouTube ingest path you select. The command’s encoding options cannot be universal: they must match your desired resolution, frame rate, codec and available upload capacity.
Connect FFmpeg to YouTube Live over RTMPS
- Open YouTube Live Control Room and retrieve the RTMPS ingest URL and stream key for your broadcast. Use the URL shown there rather than assuming a destination address.
- Configure FFmpeg’s output for that destination and the matching stream key. Treat the key as a password: do not publish it, share it publicly or leave it in a command transcript others can access.
- Use RTMPS where available. YouTube Help describes it this way: “It’s RTMP over a Transport Layer Security (TLS/SSL) connection and provides encryption.” See YouTube Help: Encrypt your stream using RTMPS.
The illustrative command above leaves the ingest URL and encoding options as placeholders deliberately; the exact output configuration depends on your Live Control Room setup and FFmpeg build.
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Choose encoder settings for your stream
Set resolution, frame rate, codec, bitrate and keyframe interval as a group. YouTube’s recommended bitrate varies by resolution, frame rate and codec, so use its current live encoder settings table for your chosen mode instead of copying a number from another setup. As YouTube Help guidance accessed 2026-10-03, its table recommends, for example, 5 Mbps for H.264 at 1080p/30 fps and 8 Mbps for H.264 at 720p/60 fps; for AV1 or H.265, the corresponding recommendations are 10 Mbps and 6 Mbps. These are platform recommendations, not guarantees of performance.
YouTube recommends a two-second keyframe interval and says not to exceed four seconds. Its guidance supports frame rates up to 60 fps for RTMP/RTMPS. Check the current settings page before going live, since its recommendations may change. YouTube Help also says: “We recommend running a speed test to test your upload bitrate.” Pick a bitrate your connection can sustain, with headroom for normal variation.
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Test before you go live
- Run a private or otherwise appropriate test with representative motion and audio before broadcasting to your intended audience.
- Confirm the logo is legible, correctly positioned and not covering important video content.
- Check that the video loops as expected, playback is paced normally and audio is present if intended.
- Watch YouTube’s stream health and messages while transmitting; lower the stream quality if your upload connection cannot sustain the chosen settings.
- Review YouTube’s copyright rules and make sure you have the rights needed for the video, music and logo you broadcast. A technical ability to loop media does not establish permission to use it.
YouTube recommends testing with representative audio and motion, selecting a quality your connection can support, and monitoring stream health and messages during the event. See YouTube Help: Choose live encoder settings, bitrates, and resolutions.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Troubleshoot common problems
| Symptom | Likely cause | What to check |
|---|---|---|
| The logo does not appear | The image input is missing, its path is wrong, or the filter graph does not use the intended input streams. | Check the image path, input order and stream labels in -filter_complex; confirm the filtered output is mapped. |
| The logo is in the wrong place or too large | The overlay coordinates or image dimensions do not suit the video frame. | Adjust the overlay position and, if needed, scale the logo in the filter graph. Check its alpha channel if transparency matters. |
| There is no audio | The source has no audio stream, or the output mapping points at the wrong input. | Inspect the source streams and revise the audio mapping. Use optional mapping only when audio is genuinely optional. |
| The loop stops or behaves unexpectedly | Input-loop options are misplaced or behave differently for the source format or installed FFmpeg version. | Check the option placement and the installed build’s FFmpeg documentation; test the exact source locally. |
| YouTube reports poor stream health or the stream buffers | The selected bitrate may exceed sustainable upload capacity, or the encoder settings do not match the selected mode. | Run an upload speed test, choose a supported resolution/frame rate/codec combination and consult YouTube’s current bitrate table. |
| YouTube does not receive the stream | The RTMPS destination or stream key may not match the current Live Control Room setup. | Retrieve the current URL and key from Live Control Room, verify the output configuration and keep the key private. |
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