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1Clear out junk files and repair common Windows errors2Scan for outdated or missing drivers - takes under a minute3Repair Windows errors before they cause bigger problemsV-Sync changes when a game presents frames so they line up with your monitor’s refresh cycle. It can reduce screen tearing, but it commonly limits synchronized presentation to the display’s refresh rate. It does not make your PC render frames faster: turning it on may lower the FPS counter while making motion look more coherent.
How V-Sync affects FPS
FPS measures how quickly a game produces frames. Refresh rate, measured in hertz (Hz), describes how often the display refreshes. V-Sync coordinates the presentation of those frames with the display’s refresh cycle; it does not increase the GPU’s rendering capability. Intel’s V-Sync support article, last reviewed September 15, 2025, explains that with V-Sync off, frame rates can be virtually unlimited, although tearing, jerkiness, or stuttering may become more likely.
For example, a 60 Hz monitor refreshes 60 times per second. With V-Sync enabled, frame presentation is commonly synchronized to that cadence, so a game may be capped around 60 FPS. NVIDIA describes V-Sync as forcing a game’s frame rate to synchronize with the monitor’s refresh rate in its control-panel reference. A 120 Hz display changes the example: its refresh cadence is 120 times per second, not 60.
The exact cap and behavior can vary with the game, graphics API, driver, buffering, and display configuration. FPS shown by a counter is not the same as the number of complete, distinct frames the monitor can show in each refresh.
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Why turning V-Sync off can raise the counter—and cause tearing
With V-Sync off, the game does not have to wait for the monitor’s refresh cadence before presenting a frame. That can let the FPS counter rise above the monitor’s refresh rate. But if a new frame arrives while the display is partway through a refresh, the screen can show parts of two frames at once, creating a horizontal tear.
NVIDIA gives 120 FPS on a 60 Hz display as an example of a situation where tearing may occur when V-Sync is disabled. That does not mean every frame will tear or that all systems behave identically; it illustrates why a higher counter does not necessarily mean a cleaner image.
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Why FPS may drop or stutter with V-Sync on
When the game can keep up with the display’s refresh cadence, V-Sync can deliver a more coherent image. If it cannot sustain that cadence, traditional V-Sync implementations may produce stutter or cause the displayed frame rate to fall to a lower cadence. Intel’s gaming monitor guide notes potential input-lag and stutter trade-offs.
NVIDIA’s Adaptive V-Sync explanation uses drops to 45 or 30 FPS below a 60 FPS cap as an example. Those figures illustrate one behavior; they are not guaranteed drops for every game or PC. V-Sync can also add input delay depending on implementation and setup, but there is no single general lag figure that applies across systems.
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V-Sync, Adaptive V-Sync, Enhanced Sync, and VRR
These options address frame presentation in different ways. Adaptive V-Sync and Enhanced Sync are vendor-specific driver features; FreeSync and G-SYNC are variable-refresh technologies that can adjust the display’s refresh rate to match the GPU’s changing frame rate within supported conditions.
| Option | What it does | Trade-off or condition |
|---|---|---|
| V-Sync on | Synchronizes frame presentation with the display refresh cycle to reduce tearing. | May constrain FPS and, depending on implementation, add input delay or stutter. |
| V-Sync off | Lets the game present frames without waiting for the refresh cadence. | The counter may rise, but tearing can occur, and the display cannot show every frame as a complete separate refresh if FPS exceeds refresh rate. |
| Adaptive V-Sync | NVIDIA describes it as unlocking frame rate below the V-Sync cap and locking again as performance recovers. | Vendor-specific behavior intended to reduce stutter while minimizing tearing; results vary by system. |
| Enhanced Sync | AMD describes it as designed to reduce latency and stutter versus traditional V-Sync. | Vendor-specific; availability and behavior depend on supported hardware and software. |
| FreeSync or G-SYNC (VRR) | Adjusts display refresh to match GPU frame rate within a supported range. | Requires compatible GPU, display, connection, configuration, and frame rate within the display’s supported range. |
AMD’s FreeSync information and NVIDIA’s G-SYNC monitor information describe their respective technologies. Check the specifications for your particular GPU, monitor, connection, and supported refresh range rather than assuming every combination works. Vendor descriptions explain intended behavior, not a guarantee of identical results on every system.
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Which setting should you try?
- Try V-Sync on if tearing is distracting and you prefer a steadier-looking image. Check whether the lower or constrained FPS feels acceptable in your game.
- Try V-Sync off if responsiveness is your priority and you can tolerate possible tearing. Compare the feel in the actual game rather than judging only by the FPS counter.
- If your system supports VRR, check that the display and GPU are compatible, that the feature is enabled where required, and that the game’s frame rate is within the display’s supported range. You may also need to check game and driver settings to understand how V-Sync and VRR interact on your setup.
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