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Use FFmpeg’s transpose video filter to rotate a property tour, then scale and fit the rotated image into the frame you intend to send to YouTube Live. Check the source’s actual orientation first: adding a rotation to footage that already displays correctly can make it sideways. Use the current ingest URL and stream key shown in YouTube Live Control Room, test the complete output, and monitor stream health before the tour.
Choose the orientation before building the command
Rotation changes which way the picture is turned; it does not decide whether the finished stream should be portrait or landscape. Make that composition choice separately. Portrait can suit a mobile-first presentation, while landscape can retain more of a room’s width and context. These are framing trade-offs, not predictions about YouTube discovery or performance.
Inspect and preview the source before adding a filter. Camera models and orientations vary, and a file may already display correctly because of its orientation metadata. A quarter-turn swaps the frame’s effective width and height. Do not apply a copied command blindly.
- Use
transpose=clockfor a clockwise quarter-turn. - Use
transpose=cclockfor a counterclockwise quarter-turn. - Do not add a transpose filter if the source already appears in the intended orientation.
FFmpeg’s official filter documentation documents the transpose filter and its syntax.
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Build a rotated portrait output
This adaptable example rotates clockwise, fits the result within a 1080×1920 portrait canvas without stretching, and pads the remaining area. It is an example, not a tested command or a guarantee that every FFmpeg build includes the libx264 encoder.
ffmpeg -i INPUT
-vf "transpose=clock,scale=1080:1920:force_original_aspect_ratio=decrease,pad=1080:1920:(ow-iw)/2:(oh-ih)/2"
-c:v libx264 -pix_fmt yuv420p
-c:a aac -b:a 128k -ar 44100
-f flv "RTMPS_INGEST_URL/STREAM_KEY"- Replace the input. Set
INPUTto the property-tour video file. If it has no audio, provide or map an appropriate audio source; YouTube stream health can flag missing audio. - Choose the rotation. Keep
transpose=clockfor a clockwise turn, change it totranspose=cclockfor the opposite turn, or remove the filter if no turn is needed. - Choose the final frame shape. The example targets 1080×1920 portrait. Change those dimensions if your intended output differs. The scale-and-pad sequence preserves proportions; it does not stretch a wide image into a narrow one. If padding is not appropriate, make a deliberate crop or reframe and inspect the result so important room details are not lost.
- Set the destination from YouTube. Replace the placeholder destination with the current RTMPS ingest address and stream name/key shown for your stream setup. Do not use a real key in a public example, screen capture, log, or shell-history snippet.
- Run a preview and test. Check that the room, text, doors, and windows are upright; framing is intentional; and audio is present. Test with movement and audio representative of the event before going live.
For production commands, inspect the input with ffprobe, explicitly map the intended video and audio streams, apply the video filter, and then set output dimensions and encoder parameters. If audio and video come from separate inputs, supply both and map each deliberately. A video filter requires decoded frames and re-encoding, so do not use -c:v copy for the video you are rotating.
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Match encoder settings to YouTube’s current guidance
YouTube’s encoder settings page recommends RTMPS for encrypted ingest, constant bitrate (CBR), and a two-second keyframe frequency; it says not to exceed four seconds. Use its bitrate recommendation for your selected codec, resolution, and frame rate rather than treating one bitrate as universal.
| Output and codec | YouTube-recommended video bitrate |
|---|---|
| 720p, 30 or 60 fps, H.264 | 8 Mbps |
| 720p, 30 or 60 fps, AV1 or H.265 | 6 Mbps |
| 1080p, 30 fps, H.264 | 14 Mbps |
| 1080p, 30 fps, AV1 or H.265 | 10 Mbps |
| 1080p, 60 fps, H.264 | 17 Mbps |
| 1080p, 60 fps, AV1 or H.265 | 12 Mbps |
These are YouTube’s recommendations on its current settings page, accessed in 2026, not a guarantee that a particular source or upload connection can sustain them. YouTube advises testing upload capacity and choosing quality for a reliable connection. Camera movement and architectural detail can make compression artifacts visible, so inspect the Live Control Room preview and stream-health report. The same page lists stereo audio at 128 Kbps and a 44.1 kHz sample rate.
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For example, an illustrative H.264 starting point for 30 fps might include -c:v libx264 -b:v 8M -maxrate 8M -bufsize 16M -g 60 and -c:a aac -b:a 128k -ar 44100. This is not a universal YouTube bitrate or a validated configuration: the current table gives different recommendations by codec and resolution, and encoder behavior depends on the FFmpeg build. Configure rate control carefully for CBR and check YouTube’s health report.
Use the correct YouTube ingest details
Get the ingest address and stream name/key from the current YouTube Live Control Room stream setup rather than copying an endpoint or key from an example. YouTube’s LiveStreams API documentation describes the ingestion address, stream name, setup details, and health status. Depending on the encoder’s expected destination format, the ingest URL and stream name may be combined.
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A stream key grants access to your live ingest. Keep it private; never publish it in an article, terminal screenshot, or log. If YouTube receives no feed, verify the current address and key in the stream setup and confirm that FFmpeg is delivering data.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.One output cannot provide two orientations by itself
A single filtered FFmpeg output produces one encoded feed in one orientation and frame shape. The rotation filter does not automatically create simultaneous portrait and landscape versions. If you need both, configure the corresponding outputs and stream setup explicitly, derive a separate composition for each, and inspect both previews and stream details in the current Live Control Room. YouTube’s vertical-live material describes an encoder-controlled vertical output and a third-party dual-stream workflow; interface options and availability can change, so check what your channel currently offers rather than assuming a particular option is available.
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Troubleshoot the picture and stream
YouTube’s Live Streaming API can report configuration and health issues including missing audio, unsupported video codec, high or low bitrate, bitrate starvation, frame-rate mismatch, long or mismatched GOP/keyframe spacing, and unsupported or suboptimal resolution. Use the actual health messages to narrow down the problem; not every ingest issue is caused by rotation.
| Symptom | What to check | Fix |
|---|---|---|
| Picture is sideways | Source orientation and the direction of the transpose filter | Preview the source; reverse the transpose direction or remove the filter if the source is already correctly oriented. |
| Picture is upright but framed badly | Target dimensions and scale, pad, or crop choices | Revise the composition; preserve proportions and avoid cropping important room details. |
| YouTube reports missing audio | Whether the input contains audio and whether the intended stream was mapped | Map the correct audio input or add an appropriate audio source, then test again. |
| Bitrate warning or starvation | Codec, resolution, frame rate, encoder rate control, and upload capacity | Match the current YouTube recommendation to the chosen format and confirm the connection can sustain it. |
| Keyframe or GOP warning | Keyframe interval and output frame rate | Set a two-second keyframe interval as YouTube recommends; do not exceed four seconds. |
| No feed reaches YouTube | Current RTMPS ingest address and stream name/key, and whether FFmpeg is sending data | Confirm the stream setup values and encoder output. Keep the key private while troubleshooting. |
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