The Tool Desk
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For a 30 fps YouTube Live stream sent over RTMP or RTMPS, set FFmpeg’s keyframe interval to -g 60. That is the frame-count equivalent of YouTube’s recommended two-second interval. YouTube says not to exceed four seconds, which works out to 120 frames at 30 fps. Use a closed GOP, then check YouTube’s stream health during a test.
Set the 30 fps interval to 60 frames
In FFmpeg, -g controls the number of frames between keyframes. At 30 frames per second, 60 frames is two seconds:
-g 60
YouTube’s RTMP/RTMPS encoder guidance recommends a two-second keyframe frequency and says not to exceed four seconds. At 30 fps, those intervals convert to 60 and 120 frames, respectively; those frame counts are arithmetic conversions, not values separately printed in YouTube’s table. See YouTube’s live encoder settings and FFmpeg’s documented -g option.
Configure a closed GOP and verify the output
- Confirm the output frame rate. Make sure the video being sent is actually 30 fps; the conversion from seconds to frames depends on the frame rate.
- Set the interval. Add
-g 60to the FFmpeg encoding options. This sets the GOP interval in frames; it does not configure the rest of the stream. - Enable a closed GOP. YouTube identifies open GOP as unsupported. The specific closed-GOP option varies by codec and encoder implementation, so use the setting for the encoder you selected rather than assuming one universal FFmpeg flag.
- Test with representative content. Include both audio and motion, start a test stream, and monitor YouTube stream health for keyframe or ingestion warnings. YouTube’s LiveStream API health messages identify open GOP, long GOPs, and mismatched backup-stream GOP frequency as configuration issues.
-g 60 addresses the interval only. It is not a complete streaming command and does not by itself set codec, bitrate, audio, container, ingestion protocol, or closed-GOP behavior.
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#1 Best Overall
Elebase USB to USB C Adapter for iPhone 18 Pro Max,USBC Car Charger Adapter
- Read Before You Buy — No Video Output: These adapters support charging and USB 2.0 data transfer, but cannot transmit video signals. Except for standard USB webcams (which use USB data only), they are not compatible with HDMI/DisplayPort cables, video-capable USB-C hubs, or docking stations with video output.
- Convert USB-A Ports to USB-C: Designed to connect USB-C earphones, cables, flash drives, card readers, and other USB-C accessories to standard USB-A ports. Plug-and-play with no drivers or software required.
- Aluminum Alloy Housing: Built with a sturdy aluminum alloy shell that aids in heat dissipation and protects against daily wear and scratches. Designed to maintain a stable and secure connection.
- Compact & Travel-Friendly: The ultra-compact design allows the adapter to stay plugged into your device without blocking adjacent ports or adding bulk, reducing wear and tear on your original USB ports.
- 12-Month Warranty: Backed by a 12-month manufacturer warranty for peace of mind. Designed to meet strict quality control standards for reliable everyday performance.
Do not mix up RTMP, DASH, and HLS guidance
The appropriate interval depends on the ingestion protocol. The two-second RTMP/RTMPS recommendation and four-second maximum are the most specific guidance for the protocol named in this title.
| Ingestion protocol | GOP guidance | What to apply |
|---|---|---|
| RTMP/RTMPS | YouTube recommends two seconds and says not to exceed four seconds. YouTube Help | At 30 fps, use -g 60 for the recommendation; 120 frames is the converted upper limit. |
| DASH | Google’s guide says the GOP should be about two seconds and less than eight seconds, and requires closed GOPs. DASH live-ingestion guide | Follow the DASH-specific guidance; do not substitute the RTMP/RTMPS maximum for it. |
| HLS | YouTube requires closed GOPs. Its segment-duration guidance is distinct from the RTMP/RTMPS keyframe-frequency table. HLS live-ingestion guide | Do not treat an HLS segment duration as the GOP interval. |
Troubleshoot keyframe warnings
- GOP longer than four seconds: For RTMP/RTMPS, check that the output frame rate and
-gvalue match the intended interval. At 30 fps, a value above 120 frames exceeds four seconds. - Open GOP reported: Change the selected encoder’s GOP mode to closed and test again. YouTube’s health documentation says open GOP is unsupported.
- Backup stream GOP mismatch: Align the backup stream’s keyframe frequency with the main stream.
- Very small GOP: YouTube’s health messages warn that very small GOPs can reduce image quality. Use the protocol’s recommended interval rather than reducing it without a specific reason.
- No GOP warning, but stream problems remain: Keyframe interval is only one part of the configuration. Check YouTube’s stream health and validate the other encoder settings separately.
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Quick Recap
Bestseller No. 5
Best Value
Anker USB C Hub, 5-in-1 USBC to HDMI Splitter with 4K Display
- 5-in-1 Connectivity: Equipped with a 4K HDMI port, a 5 Gbps USB-C data port, two 5 Gbps USB-A ports, and a USB C 100W PD-IN port. Note: The USB C 100W PD-IN port supports only charging and does not support data transfer devices such as headphones or speakers.
- Powerful Pass-Through Charging: Supports up to 85W pass-through charging so you can power up your laptop while you use the hub. Note: Pass-through charging requires a charger (not included). Note: To achieve full power for iPad, we recommend using a 45W wall charger.
- Transfer Files in Seconds: Move files to and from your laptop at speeds of up to 5 Gbps via the USB-C and USB-A data ports. Note: The USB C 5Gbps Data port does not support video output.
- HD Display: Connect to the HDMI port to stream or mirror content to an external monitor in resolutions of up to 4K@30Hz. Note: The USB-C ports do not support video output.
- What You Get: Anker 332 USB-C Hub (5-in-1), welcome guide, our worry-free 18-month warranty, and friendly customer service.
Rank #4
Sale
UGREEN USB to USB C Adapter Combo 4-Pack, 10Gbps USB C Converter Space Gray
- Dual Converters, Infinite Potential：Includes 2× USB C male to USB A female adapters and 2× USB A male to USB C female adapters. Perfect for a wide range of uses—tablets with Bluetooth keyboards, expand USB ports on macbook, and more. Two different converters for all your daily needs
- Next-Level 10Gbps & 3A Charging: No more slow 480Mbps, this usb to usb c adapter has a transfer speed of up to 10Gbps, allowing you to do more transferring in less time. This usb adapter fits both USB A and USB C charger, supporting up to 3A fast charging
- Upgraded Exquisite Craftsmanship: With an aluminum alloy housing and metal connector, the usbc to usb adapter is extremely durable and sturdy. Rigorously tested to withstand more than 10,000 times of plugging and unplugging, ensuring long-lasting performance
- Broad Compatible: The usb c to usb adapter widely supports all USB C/ USB A devices like laptops, tablets, cellphones, car chargers, and phone chargers. Such as compatible with MacBook Pro/Air 2023/2022, Thunderbolt 4/3 Devices,Apple MagSafe Watch 9/8/7/SE/Ultra, iPad Pro 2022/2021, Samsung Galaxy S23/S20/S10, and iPhone 17/16/15 Pro. Plug and play
- Please Note: To reach 10Gbps speed, keep the cable under 3.3 ft. For USB A Male to USB C adapters, try flipping the USB C connector. USB C Male to USB A adapters support bidirectional 10Gbps transfer within 3.3 ft
Rank #3
Sale
Anker USB C Hub, 7in1 Multi-Port USB Adapter, 4K@60Hz USBC to HDMI Splitter
- Sleek 7-in-1 USB-C Hub: Features an HDMI port, two USB-A 3.0 ports, and a USB-C data port, each providing 5Gbps transfer speeds. It also includes a USB-C PD input port for charging up to 100W and dual SD and TF card slots, all in a compact design.
- Flawless 4K@60Hz Video with HDMI: Delivers exceptional clarity and smoothness with its 4K@60Hz HDMI port, making it ideal for high-definition presentations and entertainment. (Note: Only the HDMI port supports video projection; the USB-C port is for data transfer only.)
- Double Up on Efficiency: The two USB-A 3.0 ports and a USB-C port support a fast 5Gbps data rate, significantly boosting your transfer speeds and improving productivity.
- Fast and Reliable 85W Charging: Offers high-capacity, speedy charging for laptops up to 85W, so you spend less time tethered to an outlet and more time being productive.
- What You Get: Anker USB-C Hub (7-in-1), welcome guide, 18-month warranty, and our friendly customer service.
Rank #2
Anker USB-C Hub, 5-in-1 USB Hub for Laptops, 4K HDMI Multiport Adapter
- 5-in-1 USB-C Hub: Experience comprehensive connectivity featuring a Power Delivery input, two USB-A 2.0 ports, a USB-A 3.0 port, and an HDMI port. (Note: The USB-C power delivery input port is only for connecting an external wall charger to power your laptop and cannot power peripheral devices.)
- 90W Pass-Through Charging: Achieve optimal charging with 90W pass-through power to your laptop, supported by a total input of 100W, with the hub reserving 10W for operational efficiency. (Note: Wall charger not included.)
- Quick Data Transfers: Accelerate your productivity with rapid data transfers using a high-speed 5Gbps USB 3.0 port and two 480Mbps USB 2.0 ports.
- 4K HDMI Display: Enhance your visual experience with a hub capable of delivering 4K resolution at 30Hz in both mirror and extend modes. Please note that this hub is compatible with MacBook (macOS 12 and newer), Windows 10 and 11, ChromeOS, and laptops equipped with DP Alt Mode and Power Delivery. Note: This device is not compatible with Linux.
- What You Get: Anker USB-C Hub (5-in-1, 4K HDMI), welcome guide, 18-month warranty, and our friendly customer service.
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