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Use the spellcasting ability named by the class or feature that grants the spell. Convert that ability score to its modifier, then add your proficiency bonus when calculating a spell attack modifier or spell save DC.
Which ability score do you use?
Check the class or feature that lets you cast the spell. That source determines your spellcasting ability; do not choose based on the ability score the target rolls to resist the spell.
The 2014 Basic Rules give these examples: bards use Charisma, clerics and druids use Wisdom, and wizards use Intelligence. Other classes and features specify their own ability. The official 2014 Basic Rules and 2024 Basic Rules provide the rules context.
How do you calculate the ability modifier?
Use the ability score, not proficiency: subtract 10, divide by 2, and round down. For example, an Intelligence score of 16 gives a +3 ability modifier.
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How do you calculate spell attack modifier and spell save DC?
The 2024 Basic Rules give the following formulas:
| Statistic | Formula | Example with a +3 ability modifier and +2 proficiency bonus |
|---|---|---|
| Spell attack modifier | Ability modifier + proficiency bonus | +5 |
| Spell save DC | 8 + ability modifier + proficiency bonus | 13 |
These example results are arithmetic using the stated formulas, not separate rules. The 2014 rules also allow special modifiers to affect a save DC.
What does “spellcasting modifier” mean?
The phrase can be used informally, so distinguish the parts. Your spellcasting ability modifier comes from the ability score. A spell attack modifier includes that modifier plus proficiency bonus. Your spell save DC includes 8, the ability modifier, and proficiency bonus.
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The target’s saving throw ability is separate: the spell specifies which ability the target uses to defend against it, while your class or feature determines your spellcasting ability. The Sage Advice Compendium clarifies that a spell attack’s ability is determined by the class or feature that granted the attack.
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