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Check the exact recording in available repertoire records, verify the sound-recording and underlying composition-and-lyrics rights with their respective owners or authorized licensors, and keep written permission that covers your service, territories, term and uses before making a track available.
Why one song can require more than one rights check
Indian copyright law treats a musical work and a sound recording as separate protected categories. A musical work includes the composition; lyrics may have their own authorship and rights interests. A particular recording of that song is a separate rights layer. The Copyright Office lists both musical works and sound recordings among the protected categories in the Copyright Act, 1957, Chapter III, and the Act’s definitions are set out in Chapter I.
That distinction matters when preparing a stream: permission from a recording owner does not, by itself, establish that the composition and lyrics are cleared for the proposed use, or vice versa. The Copyright Office describes the Act as protecting original works and sound recordings against unauthorized uses in its Hand Book of Copyright Law.
| Rights layer | What to identify | What the clearance must establish |
|---|---|---|
| Sound recording | The exact master or other recording, such as an original release, remix, live version, cover or remaster | That the licensor is authorized for that recording and that its grant covers your service and intended delivery modes |
| Musical work and lyrics | The composition and lyrics, and the relevant authors, composers, publishers, societies or agents | That each relevant representative has authority for the work, territory, term and uses in your service |
A track title, performer credit, database entry or platform claim is a lead to investigate, not a complete chain-of-title determination. The specific owners, authority and scope for a given catalogue cannot be established without checking that track’s documentation.
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Song-by-song clearance workflow
1. Define the exact version you intend to stream
Create a catalogue entry for each candidate recording before searching. Record the title and alternate spellings, artist and performer credits, label or release, version or edit, and release identifiers where available. Treat an original master, cover, remix, live recording, film version and remaster as separate candidates unless the rights paperwork clearly says otherwise. A search for a title alone may return a different recording or leave version ambiguity unresolved.
2. Search PPL India’s repertoire information
Use the song-search route referenced by PPL India’s licensing FAQ. Search the exact title and reasonable spelling variants; compare the result against the artist, label, release and version information in your catalogue. Save the terms you searched, the result and the date, and note any uncertainty. PPL’s FAQ also says users can write to it if they cannot find a song.
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A missing or unclear result is not proof that a recording is unclaimed or free to use. PPL’s FAQ makes a crucial distinction for app and digital-platform use: it says PPL does not issue sound-recording licences for digital platforms and directs app operators to individual music labels. A repertoire match, or a PPL public-performance licence, therefore should not be treated as authorization for digital streaming.
3. Verify the sound-recording claimant and grant
Identify the party claiming rights in the exact recording—potentially a label, producer, artist or another rights holder—and verify that the person or entity offering permission is authorized to license that recording for your service. PPL’s direction to contact labels is a starting point, not proof that a particular label controls every recording or has authority for every use.
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Request written terms that identify the covered catalogue and versions and spell out:
- Whether the grant covers interactive or non-interactive streaming, including on-demand access where relevant.
- Whether it permits downloads, offline caching, previews, clips or other storage and delivery features you plan to offer.
- The territory, start and end dates, language or version limits, and any exclusions.
- The monetization model, reporting and royalty obligations, and any sublicensing or hosting arrangements required for your service.
- The process for disputes, claims, takedowns and updates to the licensed catalogue.
4. Investigate composition and lyric rights separately
Identify the writers, composers, publishers and any society or agent asserting rights in the underlying work. Confirm what each representative controls, whether the specific work is included in its repertoire, and whether it can authorize your service and uses in the relevant territory and term. Do not infer composition or lyric clearance from a recording licence unless the written grant explicitly and validly covers those rights.
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A 29 October 2024 Indian Music Industry/IPRS submission hosted by TRAI describes separate licensing for sound recordings and underlying lyrics and compositions in the general music-streaming licensing flow. That is the submitters’ industry representation, not a TRAI ruling. Read it in context at the submission hosted by TRAI.
5. Reconcile claims and preserve a track-level file
Keep one clearance record for each recording/version, with separate entries for each rights layer and claimant. Capture the source of each ownership claim, contact and authority evidence, repertoire searches and dates, correspondence, executed agreements, permitted uses, territory, term, approved versions, restrictions, and royalty or reporting duties. The Act’s definition of rights-management information includes identifiers, owner details and terms; those are useful recordkeeping fields, not a statutory clearance form.
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If two parties assert conflicting control, hold the track out of the stream while you request authority or chain-of-title documentation from each and obtain qualified Indian copyright counsel’s advice. Do not choose a claimant based only on a search result, metadata or which party replies first. The available public materials do not establish one registry that conclusively settles every song’s ownership and digital-service authority.
6. Match the licence to the actual service
Describe the product, not just the word “streaming,” when seeking approval. Map every feature you plan to launch—interactive listening, radio-like programming, previews, offline caching or downloads, lyrics display, short clips, user uploads and promotional use—to express licence language. Compare offers by rights layer, repertoire and version coverage, licensor authority, delivery mode, territories, term, monetization, storage and delivery permissions, reporting, restrictions, and dispute or takedown process.
The Copyright Act has distinct provisions concerning licences, including statutory broadcasting and cover versions, in Chapter VI. Do not presume either route is a blanket permission for an interactive, on-demand service. Whether a statutory route applies depends on the service design and current law; ask qualified Indian copyright counsel to review the specific facts. No comparable current digital-streaming rate table is established here, so get dated, direct offers rather than relying on an assumed tariff.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Common clearance mistakes and what to do instead
- “It is in PPL’s search, so we can stream it.” The result helps identify a repertoire connection; PPL says digital-platform recording licences are obtained from individual labels. Obtain the relevant written grants and clear the underlying work separately.
- “The search found nothing, so it is copyright-free.” Search gaps and spelling or version differences can explain a missing result. Research the recording and underlying work through their claimed owners or authorized representatives before use.
- “We have the label’s permission, so the whole song is cleared.” Verify exactly which rights the label can grant. Confirm composition and lyrics coverage with their respective owners or authorized agents.
- “A licence for one version covers all versions.” Do not assume an original, cover, remix, live cut or remaster is interchangeable. Get the exact recording and authorized versions identified in the grant.
- “A broadcast or cover-version route automatically covers our app.” The Act has distinct licensing provisions; their application depends on the service and should be reviewed by Indian counsel.
- “A platform claim proves ownership.” Treat a claim as a signal to investigate, not a final determination of ownership or authority. Preserve evidence, pause disputed tracks and seek documentation and legal review.
Or let it run in the cloud
Clearing music and operating a continuous stream are separate jobs: StreamNeo does not grant music rights, so obtain the permissions above before streaming any track. If your cleared programme is a pre-recorded YouTube stream, StreamNeo lets you upload videos, add your YouTube stream key and go live; the cloud loops the uploaded videos without keeping a computer or home connection running. It supports any uploaded quality up to 4K 60fps at one flat price per slot, automatically recovers if YouTube drops the stream, and the first day is free with no card. Monthly: $9.99 per month. Start the free day on StreamNeo.
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