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FFmpeg

How to Stream a Looping Video to YouTube Live from an Ubuntu Server

A practical FFmpeg guide to looping a prerecorded video to YouTube Live from Ubuntu, with RTMPS setup, encoder settings, a command template and troubleshooting.

By VGSources Team 6 min read
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To loop a prerecorded video on YouTube Live from Ubuntu, run FFmpeg on a server that can stay online, using the video file, the RTMPS address and stream key from YouTube Live Control Room, and settings matched to the video and your upload capacity. The command below is an untested template: replace its placeholders and verify the result in YouTube’s preview and stream-health indicators before relying on it.

What you need before you start

  • An Ubuntu server that will remain powered on and connected for as long as you want to broadcast. This method depends on that host and its network connection.
  • A prerecorded video file stored on the server, with a path the FFmpeg process can read.
  • An FFmpeg build with the needed input, video/audio encoder and RTMPS protocol support. Available packages and build features vary by Ubuntu release; verify your build rather than assuming a particular package version.
  • A YouTube Live stream’s RTMPS URL and stream key, copied from that stream’s settings in YouTube Live Control Room.
  • Enough stable outbound bandwidth for the selected stream bitrate, plus practical headroom for network variation.

Prepare the video and YouTube stream

Check the input file

Place the video on the server and confirm its path, duration, video stream and audio stream before starting. Use a file that FFmpeg can read and an encoding the selected FFmpeg build can handle. Check that it contains the audio you intend viewers to hear; do not assume every file has an audio track.

Get the correct YouTube endpoint and key

Open YouTube Live Control Room, create or open the stream, and copy the RTMPS URL and stream key from its Stream settings. Use the values for this stream, not an endpoint copied from an unrelated guide. YouTube describes RTMPS as RTMP carried over TLS/SSL; its guidance recommends RTMPS because it encrypts data to and through Google’s servers. See YouTube’s RTMPS guidance.

Treat the stream key as a secret. Do not expose it in screenshots, public repositories, shared command transcripts or logs. A key embedded directly in a command may also be saved in shell history, so consider how you will enter and protect it before launching FFmpeg.

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Choose stream settings that fit the video and connection

Select codec, resolution, frame rate and bitrate as a group. YouTube supports H.264, H.265 and AV1 video and frame rates up to 60 fps. Its current encoder settings and bitrate table gives separate recommendations by codec and video format. For H.264, examples include 5 Mbps for 720p at 30 fps, 10 Mbps for 1080p at 30 fps and 14 Mbps for 1080p at 60 fps. Use the table entry for your actual combination rather than treating an example as universal.

  • Rate control: YouTube recommends constant bitrate (CBR).
  • Keyframes: Aim for a two-second interval where possible; YouTube recommends no more than four seconds. In FFmpeg, the GOP value is measured in frames, so calculate it from the output frame rate. For example, 60 frames is two seconds at 30 fps, but not at other frame rates.
  • Audio: For stereo, YouTube lists AAC or MP3 and recommends 128 Kbps at 44.1 kHz. Match the command to the input and the encoders available in your FFmpeg build.
  • Upload capacity: Check that the server’s sustained upload can carry the selected video bitrate and leave headroom; do not size the connection exactly to the encoded bitrate.

Start the looping FFmpeg stream

  1. Install or select FFmpeg. Use a build that supports the input format, chosen encoders and RTMPS output. Exact package commands and minimum versions depend on the Ubuntu release and are not specified here.
  2. Set your output choices. Choose the resolution, frame rate and bitrate based on the file, YouTube’s table and available upload capacity. Adapt the codec, audio settings and GOP value as needed.
  3. Replace the template values. In the command below, substitute the real file path and the RTMPS URL/key from Live Control Room. The endpoint format shown is deliberately a placeholder: do not assume a service-specific URL pattern applies to YouTube.
ffmpeg -re -stream_loop -1 -i "/path/to/video.mp4" 
  -c:v libx264 -preset veryfast -pix_fmt yuv420p 
  -b:v 4500k -maxrate 4500k -bufsize 9000k -g 60 
  -c:a aac -b:a 128k 
  -f flv "RTMPS_URL/STREAM_KEY"

This is an illustrative, untested template, not a guaranteed command for every file, Ubuntu release or FFmpeg build. The 4500k video bitrate is only an example, not a YouTube recommendation for every resolution. The -g 60 setting represents a two-second GOP only at 30 fps; adjust it to your actual output frame rate. Confirm that the input has audio before using the audio options. FFmpeg documents real-time file input and FLV output to an RTMP endpoint in its protocol documentation. The -stream_loop -1 pattern is also shown in an AWS IVS example, but that example’s endpoint and service-specific arguments are not YouTube settings.

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  1. Launch and check the broadcast. Start FFmpeg, then inspect the YouTube preview and stream-health messages. Test representative motion and audio, and watch for warnings rather than assuming a successful process start means viewers are receiving a healthy stream.

Troubleshoot common failures

  • Connection fails or YouTube does not receive the stream: Check that the URL is the current one from this stream’s Live Control Room settings and uses rtmps, not rtmp. Recheck the key without sharing it publicly.
  • Stream health is poor: Compare the selected codec, resolution, frame rate and bitrate with YouTube’s current encoder table. Check the server’s upload path and reduce the bitrate or output format if it cannot sustain the chosen settings.
  • No sound in preview: Verify that the input contains an audio track and that the selected audio codec is supported by the FFmpeg build. Test audio in YouTube’s preview before leaving the stream unattended.
  • Loop or command behavior differs from expectations: Confirm that your FFmpeg build accepts the input and options used, and check its output for errors. The command is a template and has not been tested across Ubuntu versions or media files.

Continuous duration limits, Ubuntu package versions, server sizing, provider data-transfer charges and a universal reconnect guarantee are not established here. Do not interpret this FFmpeg setup as a promise of uninterrupted 24/7 delivery: the server, network, FFmpeg process and YouTube ingest all matter.

Protect the channel and the content

Only stream video and audio you have the rights to use. A looping broadcast does not change the copyright status of its contents, and YouTube may act on material that violates its policies. Keep the stream key private, use the correct stream settings, and test the actual media before scheduling an unattended run.

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