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How to Understand Goalie Save Percentage, Goals-Against Average, and Quality Starts

SV%, GAA and quality starts use different denominators and answer different questions. Here’s how to read each stat and compare goalie performances with context.
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Save percentage measures shots stopped, goals-against average measures goals allowed per 60 minutes, and quality starts count how often a goalie meets a stated game-level standard. They describe different parts of a goalie’s record, so none is a substitute for the others.

What does goalie save percentage mean?

Save percentage (SV%) is saves divided by shots faced. The NHL glossary states: “Save percentage is determined by dividing saves by shots faced.” It is usually written as a decimal: .900 means the goalie stopped 90% of shots faced.

For example, 27 saves on 30 shots is .900 (27 ÷ 30). Since shots faced are saves plus goals allowed, the same calculation can be written as saves ÷ (saves + goals allowed). The NHL glossary counts shots on goal: a shot, tip, or deflection that enters the net or would have entered without a save—not every attempt directed toward the net.

SV% gives each shot equal weight. It does not indicate how dangerous those shots were, and a short stretch can fluctuate more than a longer one. The sources here establish no universal minimum number of shots or games for a fair comparison, so compare the sample size and period alongside the rate.

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What is goals-against average?

Goals-against average (GAA) is goals allowed per 60 minutes of playing time. The NHL formula is goals allowed × 60 ÷ minutes played. Two goals allowed in 60 minutes gives a 2.00 GAA; two goals in 30 minutes gives a 4.00 GAA.

A lower GAA means fewer goals allowed per 60 minutes, but it is not a save percentage: its denominator is playing time, not shots faced. It can also reflect the team’s defense and the game situation, not only the goalie’s performance.

What counts as a quality start?

Quality start (QS) is a game-level label, not a season rate. Under Hockey-Reference’s definition, “A Quality Start (QS) is when the goalie achieves at least the mean save percentage (for the season) in a game.” Quality-start percentage (QS%) is quality starts divided by starts. It measures how often a goalie reached that bar, not how far above or below it each game fell.

Definitions are not universal. A 2024 peer-reviewed study used an operational definition that could qualify a start either by a game SV% above that year’s mean or by allowing fewer than three goals while stopping at least 88.5% of shots. That is the study’s method, not an interchangeable version of Hockey-Reference’s rule. When comparing QS figures, check which definition the source uses.

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Hockey-Reference’s 2014 methodology post offered historical rules of thumb: below 50% was “bad,” above 60% was among league leaders, and the league average for an NHL regular was about 53.4%. These are dated benchmarks from that post, not a current-season standard. The available sources do not establish definitive 2026–27 league averages for SV% or GAA.

How do the three goalie stats differ?

Stat What it counts Denominator What it helps you see
SV% Shots stopped Shots faced The share of shots on goal a goalie saves
GAA Goals allowed, scaled to 60 minutes Minutes played The rate of goals allowed over playing time
QS% Starts meeting a stated quality-start rule Starts How frequently a goalie met that game-level bar

Use the measures as complementary views, not as interchangeable grades. SV% is a shot-based rate, GAA is time-based, and QS% is a frequency of qualifying starts. A goalie may look different across them because they count different things and reflect different context.

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How to compare goalies fairly

  • Match the period and competition. Compare the same season and level of play, and avoid mixing a career rate with a short recent run.
  • Include workload. Check shots faced for SV%, minutes played for GAA, and starts for QS%. Starts alone do not capture how long each start lasted or how many shots a goalie faced, as a 2024 retrospective study notes.
  • Check the quality-start definition. Confirm the source and rule before comparing QS% figures.
  • Account for shot danger and situation. Raw SV% and GAA do not adjust for the difficulty of each shot. NHL EDGE reports save-percentage splits by danger level and game situation; adjusted save percentage and goals saved above average are examples of measures intended to add context.

One dated illustration comes from NHL.com’s 2025–26 NHL EDGE coverage: among qualifying goalies with a minimum of 22 games, Ilya Sorokin had a .878 high-danger SV%, Andrei Vasilevskiy had .846, and the NHL average was .814. These are season- and category-specific figures, not universal standards for a “good” goalie or 2026–27 benchmarks.

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