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Where to get the YouTube URL and stream key
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Open YouTube Live Control Room and select or create the stream you intend to send to.
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Copy the current stream key and the matching ingestion URL shown for that stream. If you intend to use encrypted RTMPS, copy the RTMPS URL specifically; YouTube may show a standard RTMP URL by default. See YouTube’s RTMPS instructions.
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Keep the URL and key paired with the correct stream configuration. These values are account- and stream-specific; do not rely on a URL or key copied from an old example.
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The YouTube Live Streaming API represents the ingestion URL and stream name as separate fields. An encoder can accept those separately or use a combined destination in the form STREAM_URL/STREAM_NAME; follow the format expected by your FFmpeg command or container image. Do not append the key a second time if the destination already contains it. See the LiveStreams API reference.
Choose variable names your container actually consumes
YOUTUBE_STREAM_KEY is a reasonable name for your own setup, but it is not a built-in Docker, FFmpeg, or YouTube setting. The name is an interface between your Compose file or deployment and the image’s entrypoint or wrapper script. Check that image’s documentation, or inspect the command you control, to see which variables it reads.
This schematic Compose fragment passes a variable into a service; it does not by itself construct an FFmpeg destination or launch FFmpeg:
services:
streamer:
environment:
YOUTUBE_STREAM_KEY: ${YOUTUBE_STREAM_KEY}
YOUTUBE_INGEST_URL: ${YOUTUBE_INGEST_URL}The entrypoint or command must read both values and provide FFmpeg with the URL form it expects. For a script you own, the idea is:
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#!/bin/sh
set -eu
: "${YOUTUBE_STREAM_KEY:?Set YOUTUBE_STREAM_KEY}"
: "${YOUTUBE_INGEST_URL:?Set YOUTUBE_INGEST_URL}"
# Build the output destination according to the URL/key format
# returned for your stream and accepted by your FFmpeg command.
exec ffmpeg ... -f flv "${YOUTUBE_INGEST_URL}/${YOUTUBE_STREAM_KEY}"This is a pattern, not a tested, complete FFmpeg command: the correct output syntax depends on whether the ingestion URL already includes the stream name/key or expects it separately. Adapt the placeholder arguments and destination format to your encoder and current Live Control Room values. Do not paste a working key into a committed Compose file, public example, shell transcript, or log. Inject it through a private runtime mechanism appropriate to your deployment; secret handling varies by deployment and is not a YouTube-defined variable convention.
RTMPS or RTMP, and how to form the destination
| Choice | What to use | Important detail |
|---|---|---|
| RTMPS | The current RTMPS ingestion URL from Live Control Room or the RTMPS-specific API address. | RTMPS carries RTMP over TLS/SSL. Google’s RTMPS ingestion guide, last updated 2026-09-14 UTC, specifies an rtmps URL, a valid YouTube endpoint and application path, port 443, and the hostname for SNI authentication. |
| RTMP | The current RTMP ingestion URL if that is what your setup selects. | It is not encrypted like RTMPS. Do not substitute an RTMP URL when diagnosing a TLS connection or assume the RTMPS endpoint is interchangeable. |
| Separate URL and key/name | Pass the ingestion URL and stream name/key as separate values if your encoder supports that. | Keep the values paired with the selected stream and avoid adding the name/key twice. |
| Combined destination | Use the encoder’s accepted combined form, commonly described by the API as STREAM_URL/STREAM_NAME. |
Whether FFmpeg’s destination should include an appended component depends on the exact returned URL and command setup. |
Prefer RTMPS when your encoder supports it and you have selected its URL. For connection requirements and SSL troubleshooting, consult YouTube Help on encrypting a stream using RTMPS.
Verify the container-to-FFmpeg path
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Confirm that the service receives the intended variable names at runtime. Compose interpolation and container environment are separate from what the application inside the container reads.
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Confirm the entrypoint actually references those names and builds the output destination. If the image expects a different variable, either configure that documented name or change your wrapper.
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Check that the destination uses the current ingestion URL and the correct key/name exactly once. For RTMPS, verify the
rtmpsscheme, endpoint and application path, port 443, and TLS/SNI handling. -
Start the container and check both FFmpeg’s exit status/logs and Live Control Room’s connection and stream health. Avoid printing secret-bearing command lines or environment dumps while debugging.
Troubleshooting connection and stream health
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FFmpeg says the variable is empty or unset: Check the spelling in Compose, the deployment environment, and the entrypoint. Verify the variable is passed into the container and that the script consumes the same name.
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The stream fails before connecting: Refresh the URL and key from Live Control Room, confirm they belong to the intended stream, and check whether the endpoint expects the key appended or supplied separately.
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RTMPS reports an SSL or certificate error: Confirm that the URL uses
rtmps, that the endpoint and port match the RTMPS address, and that the client sends the hostname required for SNI. YouTube Help suggests specifying port 443 if the URL appears correct but the SSL error persists. An invalid certificate can indicate a client is contacting an RTMP endpoint or using the wrong port; consult Google’s RTMPS implementation guidance. -
The connection times out: Check that the selected FFmpeg build or wrapper supports RTMPS when using an RTMPS URL, and that the container can reach the endpoint. YouTube Help also recommends checking encoder RTMPS support when troubleshooting timeouts.
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YouTube connects but reports poor health: Connection success does not establish that the stream is correctly configured. The LiveStreams API health representation includes issues such as low or high bitrate, frame-rate mismatch, missing audio or video, unsupported codecs, and audio codec or sample-rate problems. Check the stream’s reported health and correct the corresponding encoder configuration; see the API health and status fields.
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