Metagaming means using knowledge, strategies, or activity that reaches beyond what is happening inside a particular game session—but its meaning depends on the setting. In roleplay, it usually means a player using information their character has not learned. In esports, it can refer to the shifting set of strategies viewed as effective in a competitive scene, or to using outside factors to influence an outcome. Whether it is acceptable depends on the game’s rules and the group’s expectations.
What does metagaming mean?
There is no single definition that applies to every kind of game. The shared idea is that something beyond the immediate in-game action—knowledge, strategy, or activity—affects how someone plays. Academic writing on esports notes that the term has no unified definition, despite its use across fields including game design and behavioral economics.
That broad meaning produces two especially common uses: a boundary between player and character knowledge in roleplay, and a changing competitive landscape in esports. It helps to identify which one someone means before deciding whether an action is fair or disruptive.
What is metagaming in roleplay?
In tabletop roleplaying and roleplay servers, metagaming commonly means using information the player knows but the character has not learned to make that character’s choices. A player might know from a published scenario, a previous campaign, a livestream, Discord, or an out-of-character message that a character is in danger or that an enemy has a weakness. If the character has not discovered that information within the fiction, acting on it may count as metagaming under the group’s conventions.
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The distinction is about what the character knows, not whether the information is true. A player can know something without the character knowing it. Whether using that knowledge crosses a line depends on the table’s or server’s rules and expectations; not every rules discussion or tactical plan is automatically improper.
Roleplay server rules are local
NoPixel’s rulebook says characters should know only what they learned in-game and identifies using information from streams, Discord, or out-of-character chat to shape in-game choices as metagaming. That is NoPixel’s policy, not a universal code for every roleplay community. A tabletop group or another server may draw the boundary differently, so check its written rules and shared conventions.
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What does metagaming mean in esports?
In esports, the related phrase “the meta” commonly describes strategies that are popular or perceived as optimal in a particular competitive scene at a particular time. A team “playing the meta” is using strategies considered conventional or effective in that environment; an “off-meta” pick is less conventional relative to it.
The meta is not a timeless list of universally best tactics. It varies by game and can shift over time, so a claim about a strongest pick or strategy needs a specific game, patch, competition, and date. A tactic in one game or patch should not be treated as evidence about another. In scholarly discussion, “metagaming” can also refer to using factors outside the game environment to affect its outcome, a concept distinct from simply following the current meta.
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Is metagaming cheating or bad?
Not necessarily. In roleplay, using information a character does not have may break a server’s written rules or undermine a group’s preferred separation between player and character knowledge. In competitive games, studying opponents, adapting strategies, and responding to the competitive environment are ordinary parts of play. The judgment depends on the rules and purpose of the specific game or community; the word alone does not establish that someone cheated.
How the two common meanings differ
| Question | Roleplay | Esports |
|---|---|---|
| What does it usually refer to? | A player using knowledge their character has not gained in the fiction. | A shifting set of popular or perceived-effective strategies, or broader external influences on outcomes. |
| Where does the relevant information come from? | Player knowledge outside the character’s experience, such as a stream or out-of-character chat. | Competitive information and patterns in a particular scene. |
| What decides whether it is acceptable? | The table’s or server’s written rules and social conventions. | The game’s rules and competitive norms. |
| How quickly can it change? | The general distinction is relatively stable, though local rules vary. | The meta can change with the game and over time. |
Where the broader idea comes from
Metagaming can describe more than roleplay etiquette or competitive strategy. In its catalog entry for Metagaming: Playing, Competing, Spectating, Cheating, Trading, Making, and Breaking Videogames, University of Minnesota Press presents a broader account of videogame practices extending beyond play on screen, including modding, streaming, spectatorship, analysis, and competition. The book is a broad study of videogame culture, not a narrowly practical guide to tabletop roleplaying etiquette.
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