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1Scan for outdated or missing drivers - takes under a minute2Clear out junk files and repair common Windows errors3Fix the driver behind crashes, sound loss and screen glitchesAMD’s FSR 4 technology has been renamed FSR Upscaling and folded into the wider machine-learning FSR Redstone suite. Redstone now covers four distinct technologies: ML-based upscaling, ML Frame Generation, Ray Regeneration for ray-traced denoising, and Radiance Caching for path-traced illumination. The key compatibility split is that Radeon RX 9000-series hardware is the documented platform for the full Redstone feature group, while discrete RX 7000-series cards receive the newer FSR Upscaling 4.1.1 but not automatically the rest of Redstone.
FSR 4 is now one part of FSR Redstone
AMD’s original FSR 4 announcement in February 2025 described a machine-learning upscaler for demanding games, especially 4K rendering with ray tracing. AMD also said more than 30 games would support it at launch. By the Redstone release in December 2025, however, the technology had grown beyond upscaling.
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AMD now calls the former FSR 4 component FSR Upscaling. The broader FSR Redstone suite contains four separate technologies:
| Redstone technology | What it does | Current hardware position |
|---|---|---|
| FSR Upscaling | Uses machine learning to reconstruct a higher-resolution image from a lower-resolution frame. | FSR Upscaling 4.1.1 supports discrete Radeon RX 7000-series GPUs and newer; full Redstone support is centered on RX 9000-series hardware. |
| FSR Frame Generation | Creates intermediate frames using machine learning, optical-flow estimation, motion vectors, temporal information, and motion-vector reprojection. | The ML implementation requires Radeon RX 9000-series graphics and newer. AMD also documents an analytical fallback for GPUs supporting Shader Model 6.2 or later. |
| Ray Regeneration | Uses machine learning to denoise noisy ray-traced signals in real time. | Requires RDNA 4 graphics according to AMD’s developer documentation. |
| Radiance Caching | Builds an online machine-learning cache of complex, multi-bounce illumination to reduce the cost of path-traced lighting. | An RDNA 4/Radeon RX 9000-series technical preview, not a generally finished gaming feature. |
This distinction matters more than the name change. An RX 7000-series card can now receive the newer ML-based FSR Upscaling implementation, but that does not mean it has the complete FSR Redstone feature set. AMD’s current compatibility information lists full Redstone support for Radeon RX 9000-series graphics and upscaling-only support for RX 7000-series graphics and newer.
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FSR Upscaling 4.1 and 4.1.1: the FSR 4 successor
FSR Upscaling is the technology most people still mean when they say “FSR 4.” It reconstructs a higher-resolution image from lower-resolution input, allowing a game to render fewer pixels while attempting to retain image detail and motion quality.
The FSR SDK 2.2 update released on March 23–24, 2026 introduced FSR Upscaling 4.1. AMD highlighted sharper inference, better motion-image quality, improvements to ultra-performance mode, and improved behavior with dynamic resolution scaling. The same SDK update also included improvements to Ray Regeneration and development, memory, quality, and debugging workflows.
FSR SDK 2.3, released June 24, 2026, added FSR Upscaling 4.1.1 for discrete Radeon RX 7000-series graphics based on RDNA 3. AMD described this as the first expansion of its ML-based FSR Upscaling beyond RDNA 4 and said the RX 7000 implementation was optimized to closely match the RX 9000-series version.
That is a meaningful upgrade for RX 7000 owners who want better reconstruction without immediately replacing their GPU. It is still an upscaling upgrade—not an announcement that Ray Regeneration, ML Frame Generation, and Radiance Caching have become available on the entire RX 7000 family.
How FSR Frame Generation works
FSR Frame Generation inserts a generated frame between rendered frames. AMD says its ML system uses optical-flow estimation, game-provided motion vectors, temporal context, and motion-vector reprojection to predict the appearance and per-pixel movement of the intermediate image.
The result is a higher displayed frame rate. AMD says Frame Generation can effectively double the frame rate when one generated frame is inserted between each pair of rendered frames, but that is not the same as doubling the GPU’s underlying rendering performance. The game still has to produce the original frames, and the quality of the result depends on the game’s motion data, implementation, resolution, and baseline frame rate.
Why the starting frame rate matters
AMD’s developer guidance says Frame Generation works best when the game is already producing at least 60 frames per second before interpolation. Below 60 fps, artifacts become more noticeable, and AMD advises avoiding pre-interpolation rates below 30 fps. This is a developer recommendation from AMD, not an independently reproduced benchmark.
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A practical way to interpret that guidance is to use Frame Generation as a multiplier on an already playable experience, rather than as a rescue mechanism for a game struggling to render at 20 or 25 fps. The generated frames can make camera movement appear smoother, but they do not eliminate the rendering workload or automatically provide the input responsiveness of a native frame.
ML Frame Generation requirements
| Requirement | AMD’s documented position |
|---|---|
| GPU for the ML implementation | Radeon RX 9000-series graphics or newer. |
| Operating system | Windows 11 for the ML implementation. |
| Graphics API | DirectX 12. |
| SDK requirement | The DirectX 12 Agility SDK level specified by AMD’s implementation must be present; the exact level should be checked in the game or developer documentation. |
| Fallback path | An analytical Frame Generation path is documented for GPUs supporting Shader Model 6.2 or later, with Windows 10 and Windows 11 support. |
AMD recommends pairing Frame Generation with FSR Upscaling and Radeon Anti-Lag 2. Upscaling can provide the performance headroom needed for the original frames, while Anti-Lag 2 is intended to help manage the latency implications of an interpolated-frame pipeline.
FSR SDK 2.3 updates Frame Generation to version 4.0.1 and improves motion-vector and camera-parameter input processing in selected corner cases. As with the other features, the implementation remains dependent on developer integration.
Ray Regeneration is a denoiser, not an upscaler
FSR Ray Regeneration addresses a different problem from FSR Upscaling and Frame Generation. Ray-traced effects often produce noisy intermediate signals, particularly when a game limits the number of rays or samples per pixel to maintain performance. Traditional denoisers use analytical rules to smooth those signals. Ray Regeneration uses machine learning to determine filter weights for real-time denoising.
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AMD describes Ray Regeneration as a standalone technology that integrates with a game engine. It operates independently of upscaling, so developers can add rendered content after the denoising dispatch and can combine it with both FSR Upscaling and FSR Frame Generation.
The current version listed as part of FSR SDK 2.3 is Ray Regeneration 1.2.0. This release adds denoising support for ambient-occlusion and specular-occlusion signals and adds checkerboard-rendering support.
Ray Regeneration requires RDNA 4 graphics in AMD’s developer documentation. The June 2026 RX 7000 update for FSR Upscaling therefore does not extend to Ray Regeneration. An RX 7000 card may use FSR Upscaling 4.1.1, but the available documentation does not establish ML Ray Regeneration support for that family.
Radiance Caching targets path-traced lighting
Radiance Caching is not a frame-interpolation technology. It targets the cost of path-traced illumination, especially complex global-illumination scenes with many light bounces.
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AMD describes it as an online ML illumination cache. The system continuously trains on the device and in real time, predicting illumination behavior from complex, multi-bounce global-illumination data. The intended benefit is lower path-tracing cost while retaining the ability to respond to dynamic scenes and changing lighting.
The important qualification is that Radiance Caching remains a technical preview. AMD’s current GPUOpen information identifies version 0.9.0 as a Redstone SDK technical-preview release designed for RDNA 4 and Radeon RX 9000-series hardware. The preview requires AMD Software: Adrenalin Edition 25.12.1.
AMD illustrates the technology with a Warhammer 40,000: Darktide engine demonstration from Fatshark. That demonstration shows a developer-facing preview example; it does not prove that Radiance Caching is enabled in the shipping version of Darktide or that players can activate it through the game’s normal graphics settings.
FSR Redstone compatibility by Radeon generation
The simplest buying and upgrade rule is this: RX 9000-series is the documented platform for the complete ML-oriented Redstone feature group, while RX 7000-series has a narrower upscaling benefit.
| Hardware | What the current documentation supports | What not to assume |
|---|---|---|
| Radeon RX 9000-series / RDNA 4 | Full FSR Redstone support is listed, including ML-based FSR Upscaling and ML Frame Generation. Ray Regeneration requires RDNA 4, and Radiance Caching is available as an RDNA 4 technical preview. | Not every game supports every feature, and a Redstone-capable GPU does not make unsupported games compatible. |
| Discrete Radeon RX 7000-series / RDNA 3 | FSR Upscaling 4.1.1 is supported through the FSR SDK 2.3 expansion. | Do not interpret this as full FSR Redstone support. The cited documentation does not extend ML Ray Regeneration or ML Frame Generation to RX 7000-series cards. |
| Other Shader Model 6.2-or-later GPUs | AMD documents an analytical Frame Generation fallback, including Windows 10 and Windows 11 support. | The analytical fallback is not the same as the RX 9000 ML implementation and does not imply access to the rest of the Redstone suite. |
For someone specifically shopping for all of Redstone’s ML features, a Radeon RX 9000 graphics card is the relevant hardware category. The Radeon RX 9070 XT is the clearest individual product class to investigate because AMD used it in the published Redstone performance testing, although that does not make every RX 9070 XT-equipped system identical or guarantee a particular frame rate.
An RX 7000 FSR Upscaling upgrade can make sense for an existing RDNA 3 owner who primarily wants the newer upscaler. It is a much less complete route for someone buying specifically for ML Frame Generation, Ray Regeneration, or Radiance Caching.
How games receive Redstone features
FSR features are not universal driver switches. AMD states that FSR versions require game-developer integration and are available only in select games and on select AMD products.
A supported game may expose the feature natively through its graphics settings. AMD also says some games with an FSR 3.1 or later integration can be upgraded through AMD Software by swapping the relevant DLL files. The software-enabled ML Frame Generation upgrade path requires an FSR 3.1.4 or later integration.
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That upgrade path has several limits:
- The game must use a compatible FSR integration; an unrelated temporal upscaler or an older FSR version is not automatically eligible.
- The game still needs suitable motion-vector and camera data for reliable frame generation.
- The GPU and operating-system requirements for the selected implementation still apply.
- A DLL replacement cannot add support for a Redstone feature that the game’s rendering pipeline does not expose or that the hardware cannot run.
Before enabling anything, check the game’s own patch notes or graphics menu, AMD Software’s supported-game information, and the current Redstone compatibility documentation. A title listed by AMD may support one Redstone technology rather than the entire four-feature stack.
Which games support FSR Redstone?
AMD’s supported-games list is large and changes over time. Examples currently shown on the page include Cyberpunk 2077, Call of Duty: Black Ops 6, Call of Duty: Black Ops 7, F1 25, Ghost of Tsushima Director’s Cut, Grand Theft Auto V Enhanced, God of War Ragnarök, Hogwarts Legacy, Marvel’s Spider-Man 2, Crimson Desert, and The Last of Us Part II Remastered.
The list uses an asterisk to identify games supporting at least one Redstone technology. It does not mean every marked game supports FSR Upscaling, Frame Generation, Ray Regeneration, and Radiance Caching simultaneously. The exact feature combination must be confirmed for each title.
What AMD’s performance claims do—and do not—show
AMD’s Redstone performance footnote is based on testing conducted in November 2025 using a Sapphire Pure Radeon RX 9070 XT, an AMD Ryzen 7 9800X3D processor, 32GB of DDR5-6000 memory, an ASRock X870E Taichi motherboard, Windows 11 Pro 25H2, and an internal AMD Software driver build.
The cited comparisons use native 4K rendering against FSR Upscaling in Performance mode with Frame Generation enabled. Ray Regeneration was enabled for Call of Duty: Black Ops 7 only.
Those are AMD’s vendor test results. They are useful for showing the conditions under which AMD measured its technology, but they are not independent testing and should not be treated as a universal performance guarantee. Results will vary with the game, preset, ray-tracing settings, CPU limit, driver, resolution, frame-generation mode, and the quality of the game’s integration.
In particular, a claim that Frame Generation can effectively double the displayed frame rate should not be read as a promise that every game will double its native or rendered performance. Always distinguish the pre-interpolation frame rate from the final displayed frame rate when comparing results.
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What to buy or upgrade for Redstone
If you want the broadest Redstone feature set
Choose a Radeon RX 9000-series graphics card and verify the individual game support before purchasing. This is the generation AMD identifies for full Redstone support, ML Frame Generation, and the RDNA 4-dependent ray-tracing features. A compatible Windows gaming PC, an adequate power supply, and a high-refresh-rate display are sensible system considerations, but they are not special FSR requirements.
If you need a complete system rather than a standalone board, an RX 9070 XT gaming PC can simplify the purchase. Check the system’s power supply, cooling, driver support, and the exact GPU model rather than assuming every desktop with similar branding has the same configuration.
If you already own an RX 7000-series card
FSR Upscaling 4.1.1 gives discrete RX 7000 owners a reason to update compatible games or SDK integrations. It does not, based on AMD’s current documentation, turn the card into a full Redstone platform. Keep expectations focused on upscaling quality and dynamic-resolution behavior rather than ML Ray Regeneration or the RX 9000 ML Frame Generation path.
If you are building around generated frames
A high-refresh-rate gaming monitor can make higher displayed frame rates visible, but the monitor does not enable FSR and does not solve low baseline performance. Prioritize a stable pre-interpolation frame rate, a game with good motion-vector data, and a display whose refresh range suits the output you actually expect. Power-supply and cooling choices should be made for the complete PC, not because FSR itself imposes a particular PSU or monitor model.
When comparing stock and pricing, use an authorized Radeon retailer or established PC-component store and verify the exact board, warranty, region, and current availability. Prices, listings, and partner programs can change independently of AMD’s software documentation.
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| Date | Development |
|---|---|
| February 28, 2025 | AMD announced FSR 4 as an ML-powered RDNA 4 upscaling technology and said more than 30 games would support it at launch. |
| December 2025 | AMD released FSR Redstone features including FSR Upscaling and FSR Frame Generation through AMD Software: Adrenalin Edition 25.12.1. Radiance Caching became available as a GPUOpen developer preview. |
| March 23–24, 2026 | FSR SDK 2.2 introduced FSR Upscaling 4.1 and Ray Regeneration 1.1, with improvements covering motion quality, dynamic-resolution behavior, quality, memory, and debugging. |
| June 24, 2026 | FSR SDK 2.3 added FSR Upscaling 4.1.1 support for discrete RX 7000-series/RDNA 3 GPUs, updated ML Frame Generation to 4.0.1, and updated Ray Regeneration to 1.2.0. |
Bottom line for gamers
FSR 4 is best understood as a former product name for AMD’s ML upscaler, not as the name of the entire current feature family. That upscaler is now FSR Upscaling and has expanded to discrete RX 7000-series cards through version 4.1.1. The broader FSR Redstone suite adds ML Frame Generation, Ray Regeneration for ray-traced denoising, and Radiance Caching for path-traced illumination.
For the complete documented Redstone direction, RX 9000-series/RDNA 4 is the important hardware generation. RX 7000 owners gain the newer upscaler, but should not assume they gain the other Redstone technologies. In every case, the game’s specific integration matters as much as the GPU label.
Information reflects AMD’s Redstone product, developer, SDK, and supported-games documentation described above. Feature names, game support, drivers, and hardware availability may change.
Frequently Asked Questions
Is FSR 4 the same thing as FSR Redstone?
No. AMD renamed the former FSR 4 upscaling component to FSR Upscaling. FSR Redstone is the broader suite that also includes ML Frame Generation, Ray Regeneration, and Radiance Caching.
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Discrete RX 7000-series GPUs support FSR Upscaling 4.1.1 through FSR SDK 2.3. AMD’s current documentation does not extend full Redstone support, ML Ray Regeneration, or the RX 9000 ML Frame Generation implementation to the RX 7000 family.
What GPU and operating system does FSR Frame Generation require?
AMD’s documented ML Frame Generation implementation requires Radeon RX 9000-series graphics or newer, Windows 11, DirectX 12, and the specified DirectX 12 Agility SDK level. AMD also documents an analytical fallback for GPUs supporting Shader Model 6.2 or later, including Windows 10 and Windows 11 support.
What frame rate should I have before enabling FSR Frame Generation?
AMD recommends starting with at least 60 rendered frames per second before interpolation. It says artifacts become more prominent below 60 fps and advises avoiding pre-interpolation rates below 30 fps.
Is Radiance Caching already available in Warhammer 40,000: Darktide?
Radiance Caching is still identified as a version 0.9.0 technical preview for RDNA 4/Radeon RX 9000-series hardware. AMD’s Darktide demonstration shows a developer-facing engine example, not proof that the feature is enabled in the shipping game.
The Bottom Line
Bottom line: AMD has renamed FSR 4 to FSR Upscaling and folded it into the broader FSR Redstone suite. RX 7000-series GPUs receive FSR Upscaling 4.1.1, while RX 9000-series/RDNA 4 remains the documented platform for the complete ML feature set, including Frame Generation and Ray Regeneration. Radiance Caching is still a technical preview, and no Redstone-supported game should be assumed to include all four technologies.
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