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What Arma 3 reads at startup
Arma 3 processes dedicated-server parameters after the executable name. The mod arguments are ordered, semicolon-separated folder lists. Each entry points to a subfolder containing a mod, and the spelling must match the installed directory exactly. A missing folder, malformed separator, or path outside the server’s permitted locations can prevent a mod from loading before a mission starts.
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-mod and -serverMod: the critical difference
| Parameter | Purpose | Visible to connecting players? | Typical contents |
|---|---|---|---|
-mod |
Loads the client-visible/content mod set and advertises those requirements to players attempting to connect. | Yes. The server presents these mods as part of the join requirement. | Frameworks, gameplay libraries, weapons, maps, units, missions, and compatibility patches used by the clients. |
-serverMod |
Loads semicolon-separated server-side subfolders that are not broadcast to clients. | No. They remain server-side only. | Administration, logging, monitoring, automation, and other components that never need to run on a player’s machine. |
Do not move a server-only component into -mod just to make it load. Doing so advertises an unnecessary client dependency and can produce a mismatch for every player. Conversely, putting a client-required addon in -serverMod leaves the player without the content or scripts that a mission expects.
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Build a stable order, step by step
1. Inventory and classify every folder
Start from the directories installed beside the dedicated server or in the paths your launcher and host permit. Write down the exact folder names, including capitalization and any spaces. Classify each entry before arranging it:
- Client-required/content: place in
-mod. - Server-only operations: place in
-serverMod. - Uncertain: check the mod’s documentation and test it without exposing it to clients. Do not guess from the folder name.
2. Use a reproducible sequence
A practical convention is to put foundational and compatibility libraries first, followed by broad content packs, unit or mission content, and finally compatibility patches or local overrides. This ordering makes the list easier to review and gives you a consistent baseline when diagnosing conflicts. It is a convention, not a guarantee about PBO precedence for every Arma asset type.
3. Write the command explicitly
arma3server_x64.exe -name=server -config=server.cfg "-mod=@CBA_A3;@ACE3;@UnitContent;@UnitPatch" "-serverMod=@ServerTools;@AdminFramework"Use semicolons between folders. Quote a complete argument when a path or folder name contains spaces. Keep the two lists separate so a later administrator can see which requirements are sent to clients.
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4. Preserve the list in a parameter file or preset
For a headless or automated server, store the command in a .par parameter file under version control. For an interactive desktop workflow, save the same sequence as an Arma 3 Launcher preset. Bohemia Interactive’s Launcher documentation covers mod management, load-order handling, and presets. Whichever method you choose, publish the exact file or preset to the people who maintain the server rather than relying on a screenshot or memory.
5. Restart and inspect before changing anything else
Restart the dedicated server after every list change. Read the startup log for missing folders, duplicate or incompatible addon messages, and signature failures. Then run the affected mission or asset. If the result changes, record the command, the date, and the observed behavior so you can return to the last known-good state.
6. Move one variable at a time
When you suspect an ordering conflict, move only one mod, restart, and repeat the same test. Changing several positions at once prevents you from identifying the cause. Because there is no universal documented precedence guarantee for all asset classes, keep the order that works for your exact mod set and mission rather than assuming that the final entry always overrides earlier files.
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Quoting, paths, and Linux shell behavior
The parameter parser expects semicolon-separated values, while the operating system’s shell may treat punctuation differently. On Windows, quote a value containing spaces, for example "-mod=C:Arma3@Unit Content;C:Arma3@Unit Patch". On Linux, protect semicolons from the shell by quoting the whole value or escaping each separator according to the shell you use. Confirm that the resulting process receives one -mod argument containing the complete list, not several truncated arguments.
Use the same path style throughout a parameter file. Relative paths are convenient only when the server starts from the expected working directory; absolute paths make service definitions clearer but must be updated if the installation moves. After editing, verify the actual command line in the service or hosting panel and compare it with the file you intended to run.
Make Workshop mods pair with players automatically
The official Workshop-support workflow lets the server browser associate required mods with Steam Workshop items and offer activation or download. The association is stored in each mod’s root directory.
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- Open the root folder of the mod you want players to obtain automatically.
- Create a text file named
meta.cpp. - Enter
protocol = 1;and the item identifier in the required form:publishedid = 123456789;. - Replace the example number with the number after
id=in that item’s Workshop URL. - Restart or refresh the server browser and test with a client that does not already have the mod activated.
Without this metadata, a player may need to find and activate the mod manually even though the server advertises it. The metadata does not replace a correct -mod entry: the server still has to load the folder, and its version must be compatible with the mission.
Keys, signatures, and rejection errors
Signed mods commonly include a .bikey file in a Keys folder. Copy the required keys into the dedicated server’s keys directory, or point the server to another directory with the documented -keysFolder parameter. Keep keys synchronized with the mod versions installed on the server.
Signature verification changes the symptoms of a bad installation. A missing key can stop a signed mod from loading or cause clients using that mod to be rejected. Check keys and signature settings before treating a rejection as a load-order problem. The startup log normally identifies the addon or key involved; resolve that message first, then retest the order.
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Require an identical client list when policy demands it
Set equalModRequired = 1; in the server configuration when every player must use exactly the same -mod startup set as the server. This is appropriate for units that want strict parity and predictable mission behavior. It also makes small differences—an omitted patch, a different folder order, or an outdated client copy—join-blocking errors.
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Choose a way to manage the list
| Method | Best fit | Advantages | Limitations to verify |
|---|---|---|---|
| Launcher preset | Interactive administrators working from a desktop. | Visual mod management, saved order, and an easy way to share a known configuration. | Depends on a desktop workflow and can drift if someone edits the server command separately. |
| Command line or parameter file | Headless servers, automation, and teams using version control. | Explicit, reviewable, scriptable, and reproducible across restarts. | Requires careful quoting, path handling, and service-file maintenance. |
| Managed host panel | Operators who want the provider to handle operating-system and SteamCMD maintenance. | Can simplify Workshop updates, restarts, and access to server controls. | Confirm that the panel exposes ordered mod parameters, Workshop updating, key management, and complete startup logs. |
Troubleshoot the common failure branches
The server says a mod is missing
- Check that the folder exists under an allowed path.
- Compare every character in the command with the installed directory name.
- Confirm that the separator is a semicolon and that quoting did not split the value.
- On Linux, inspect shell escaping and the final command received by the service.
Players are asked for the wrong mods
- Compare the client-visible
-modlist with the server command. - Remove server-only tools accidentally placed in
-mod. - If
equalModRequired = 1;is active, distribute the exact preset or parameter file. - Check Workshop
meta.cppidentifiers so the browser points to the intended items.
A signed mod is rejected
- Locate the mod’s
.bikeyfile and copy it tokeys, or configure-keysFolder. - Verify that the key belongs to the installed version.
- Read the signature error in the startup or join log before changing order.
A mission breaks after reordering
- Return to the last dated working parameter file.
- Move one suspected mod and restart the server.
- Run the same mission and asset test on staging.
- Record the observed order because Arma does not publish one precedence rule covering every addon type.
Historical context and maintenance
Bohemia Interactive’s SPOTREP #00058 from 2016 included a dedicated-server example using -mod=curator;kart;heli;mark;expansion;dlcbundle and described fixes related to server-mod ordering and matching behavior. That example demonstrates the semicolon-list format; it should not be copied as a current content recommendation. Use the folders installed for your present server and mission.
Keep a dated backup of the working parameter file, Launcher preset, key directory, and server configuration. When Workshop updates arrive, update the staging instance first, inspect the startup log, and only then promote the same ordered set to production. This gives you a rollback point if an update introduces a missing dependency, signature mismatch, or changed mission behavior.
Quick Recap
Final operational checklist
- Every client-required folder is in
-mod; every server-only component is in-serverMod. - Folder names and paths match the installation exactly.
- Semicolons, quotes, and Linux escaping produce one complete argument per list.
- The order is saved in a parameter file or Launcher preset.
- Workshop mods have valid
meta.cppmetadata with the correct published ID. - Required
.bikeyfiles are available throughkeysor-keysFolder. equalModRequired = 1;is used only when strict client parity is intended.- Each change is restarted, logged, and tested on staging before production.
- A dated copy of the last known-good configuration is retained.
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