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1Fix the driver behind crashes, sound loss and screen glitches2Repair Windows errors before they cause bigger problems3Scan for outdated or missing drivers - takes under a minuteFor a modest multi-site installation in 2026, the best starting point is one supported Linux VPS running Nginx or Apache, PHP-FPM 8.3 or newer, MariaDB 10.11+ or MySQL 8.0+, HTTPS, OPcache, automated off-site backups and monitoring. Give WordPress, XenForo, Moodle and MediaWiki separate Unix users, PHP-FPM pools, database accounts, upload paths and cache namespaces. Move the database, search or file storage to separate tiers only when measurements show a capacity, reliability or isolation problem.
Nginx is an efficient shared front end for several virtual hosts and static assets; Apache is just as valid when .htaccess, rewrite compatibility or existing administrator experience matters. Redis or memcached are optional application integrations, while Elasticsearch belongs only on a XenForo installation that uses Enhanced Search.
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The 2026 compatibility baseline
The four applications can share a Linux, PHP and MariaDB/MySQL foundation, but their release requirements are not identical. Set the platform floor from the newest common requirement, then verify the exact versions and extensions required by each release before upgrading.
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|---|---|---|---|
| WordPress | PHP 8.3 or greater is the current recommendation. | MariaDB 10.11+ or MySQL 8.0+, HTTPS, and Apache or Nginx. | Core, theme and plugin support for the PHP version; HTTPS redirects and rewrite rules. |
| XenForo 2.3 | PHP 7.2+ is the minimum; PHP 8.3 is recommended. | MySQL 5.7+ with MariaDB and Percona compatibility. Enhanced Search requires Elasticsearch 7.2+. | Whether the installed add-ons support PHP 8.3 and whether the forum really needs Enhanced Search. |
| Moodle | Depends on the Moodle release. | Primarily Linux with Apache and PostgreSQL, MySQL or MariaDB. Nginx and OpenLiteSpeed are possible when that release’s requirements are met. Redis or memcached can provide caching. | The release’s PHP extensions, database version and cron, task-runner and cache configuration. |
| MediaWiki | PHP 8.3+ for the current stable requirements. | MariaDB or MySQL are recommended. APCu, ImageMagick or GD, shell access and memcached support particular features or performance improvements. | Extension compatibility, image-processing needs and the current stable branch’s installation requirements. |
PHP 8.3 or newer and MariaDB 10.11+ or MySQL 8.0+ are therefore the practical shared baseline in 2026. That is a platform target, not permission to skip the compatibility page for a specific Moodle, MediaWiki, XenForo or WordPress release. Older PHP and database versions may still run some software, but unsupported releases increase security and upgrade risk.
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WordPress’s own host request asks for PHP 8.3 or greater, MariaDB 10.11 or greater or MySQL 8.0 or greater, Nginx or Apache with mod_rewrite, and HTTPS support (WordPress.org).
Choose the deployment shape before choosing hardware
One shared VPS for modest workloads
A single VPS is the sensible first deployment when traffic is moderate, the four sites have similar availability requirements and one administrator can maintain the stack. One operating-system instance, web server and TLS layer keeps patching and monitoring straightforward. Keep each site in its own virtual host and PHP-FPM pool rather than treating the VPS as one undifferentiated application.
Use fast persistent storage for the database and application files. Put high-write uploads or a rapidly growing database on a separate volume when disk latency, backup duration or capacity becomes a measured constraint. A VPS is not a promise that all four sites will remain healthy under every workload; it is a starting topology that can be observed and divided later.
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Split tiers when evidence justifies them
Separate the database, search service or file storage after monitoring demonstrates a bottleneck or when failure isolation is more important than simplicity. A database tier can receive storage and memory tuned for transactional I/O; a separate search tier prevents an index rebuild from competing with PHP requests; object or file storage can make large upload collections easier to back up.
| Consideration | One VPS | Split tiers |
|---|---|---|
| Isolation | Processes share CPU, memory, disk and the host kernel. Per-site users and pools limit access, but not hardware contention. | Services have stronger resource and permission boundaries. |
| Backup and restore | Fewer components and a simpler recovery sequence. | Each tier needs its own backup, restore order and credentials. |
| Database latency | Local database calls are fast when the VPS storage is adequate. | Network latency is added, but dedicated storage may provide more predictable I/O. |
| Scaling headroom | Vertical resizing is simple until the host’s limits are reached. | Database, PHP, search and file capacity can be enlarged independently. |
| Failure blast radius | A host or kernel failure can take all four applications offline. | A failure can be confined to one tier, although shared dependencies still matter. |
Do not split services merely because a diagram looks more professional. Every extra host adds patching, firewall rules, monitoring, backup and restore work. Split when measurements or a stated availability requirement pay for that complexity.
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Nginx or Apache?
Both are supported choices. The right answer depends less on a theoretical speed ranking than on configuration needs and operator competence.
| Decision point | Nginx | Apache |
|---|---|---|
| Several sites on one front end | Convenient for virtual hosts, static assets and TLS termination. | Also suitable, especially where an existing Apache standard is already documented. |
| Rewrite and per-directory rules | Rules are centralized in server or site configuration; .htaccess is not used. | Strong choice when applications or administrators rely on .htaccess and mod_rewrite. |
| PHP execution | Passes dynamic requests to PHP-FPM pools. | Can use PHP-FPM through the distribution’s supported integration. |
| TLS and static files | Efficient shared TLS termination and static-file delivery are common deployment patterns. | Provides the same functions when configured and maintained correctly. |
| Operational familiarity | Best when the team is comfortable translating rewrite rules into Nginx syntax. | Best when Apache troubleshooting and existing .htaccess knowledge reduce risk. |
Choose Nginx for a new multi-site VPS if centralized configuration and a lightweight static-file front end fit your team. Choose Apache if .htaccess compatibility, an established mod_rewrite configuration or administrator familiarity is more valuable. Do not run both as an accidental second configuration layer; use one deliberate front end and document where PHP-FPM receives requests.
Isolation rules for four applications
Shared infrastructure does not require shared identities. Create a separate Unix account, PHP-FPM pool, database user and credential set for WordPress, XenForo, Moodle and MediaWiki.
- Give each virtual host ownership of only its own code, uploads and cache directories.
- Set PHP-FPM pool limits independently so a forum spike cannot consume every worker available to Moodle or WordPress.
- Use separate database schemas or databases and least-privilege database accounts. Do not reuse one administrative password.
- Use distinct cache key prefixes or separate Redis or memcached databases. One application must not read or evict another application’s objects.
- Keep secrets outside publicly served directories and rotate them through the documented deployment process.
- Disable write access to application code wherever updates do not require it; give write access only to upload, cache and explicitly writable directories.
This arrangement also makes incident response clearer: logs, processes, credentials and backup sets identify which application is affected.
Caching and search: what to install, and what not to install
OPcache is the baseline
Enable PHP OPcache for every PHP-FPM pool. It keeps compiled PHP bytecode in shared memory and reduces repeated script compilation. Confirm that the pool actually loads the intended PHP configuration; enabling OPcache for one site does not automatically enable it for every pool.
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Redis or memcached are optional integrations
Add Redis or memcached only through the application’s supported integration. Moodle and MediaWiki document caching options, and WordPress hosting guidance commonly lists OPcache, Redis and memcached. Select the service your team can monitor and restore confidently, then namespace keys per application.
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|---|---|---|
| Redis | The application has a supported Redis object or application-cache integration and you want a broadly capable, persistent-service option. | Separate databases or key prefixes, authentication and memory monitoring. |
| Memcached | The application supports memcached and a simple volatile object cache is sufficient. | Separate namespaces, bounded memory and acceptance that cached data disappears on restart. |
| No external object cache | The sites are small or measurements show database and PHP performance are already adequate. | Keep OPcache enabled and avoid adding an unmonitored daemon. |
Elasticsearch is for XenForo Enhanced Search
Do not deploy Elasticsearch by default. XenForo Enhanced Search requires Elasticsearch 7.2 or newer; install and size it when that feature is enabled and the forum’s index and rebuild workload justify the additional memory, storage and maintenance. A search index is not a substitute for a database backup, and rebuilding it can create substantial temporary load.
How much CPU and RAM do you need?
There is no universal production CPU or RAM number for this combination. Official application documentation establishes compatibility, not a single hardware size that fits every traffic pattern. A read-heavy brochure site, a busy forum, a course platform running scheduled tasks and a documentation wiki generate very different workloads.
Start with the smallest supported VPS that leaves operational headroom, then observe real usage during normal traffic, cron or task execution, backups, plugin or extension updates and XenForo index rebuilds. Increase capacity when any of these signals persist:
- PHP-FPM workers remain saturated and requests queue even though code and database queries are healthy.
- Memory pressure causes swapping, out-of-memory kills or cache churn.
- Database connections, lock waits or disk latency rise during ordinary traffic.
- Scheduled Moodle tasks, WordPress cron jobs or MediaWiki maintenance jobs miss their windows.
- Backup or restore time exceeds the recovery objective.
- Search indexing competes with interactive forum requests.
MediaWiki’s installation requirements mention 256 MB RAM and 85 MB storage as recommended minimums for a single-computer site, while explicitly warning that those figures are insufficient for a busy public site. Treat them as an installation floor, not a production recommendation. Size the combined VPS from observed workload and leave room for the operating system, database buffers, PHP workers, caches, logs and backup staging.
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Build the server in a controlled sequence
- Select a supported Linux distribution and patch it. Use a distribution with security updates for the planned lifetime. Record the release, kernel, repositories and the owner responsible for updates.
- Install one web front end. Choose Nginx or Apache using the rewrite and familiarity decision above. Create one virtual host per application and keep TLS configuration centralized and documented.
- Install PHP 8.3+ and PHP-FPM. Verify the extensions required by each exact application release. Create four pools with separate Unix users, sockets, worker limits and log files.
- Install MariaDB 10.11+ or MySQL 8.0+. Create separate databases and least-privilege users. Use strong, unique credentials and keep administrative access separate from application credentials.
- Deploy each application into its own path. Keep code, uploads, generated caches and configuration secrets separated. Apply the application’s recommended file permissions rather than making the entire document root writable.
- Force HTTPS. Obtain certificates, redirect HTTP to HTTPS, test renewal and ensure WordPress, XenForo, Moodle and MediaWiki generate secure canonical URLs.
- Enable OPcache and configure application caches. Start without Redis or memcached unless a supported integration and a monitoring plan exist. Add a key prefix or isolated database for every application.
- Add only required search services. If XenForo Enhanced Search is selected, deploy Elasticsearch 7.2+ with memory and disk sized for the forum index and rebuilds; otherwise leave it out.
- Schedule backups and test restoration. Back up databases, uploads, application configuration and encryption keys to encrypted off-site storage. Perform a restore to an isolated environment, not just a backup-file existence check.
- Create staging and an upgrade runbook. Clone representative data, test PHP and database upgrades, run application migrations, verify extensions and plugins, and record the rollback point before production changes.
- Turn on monitoring before launch. Alert on CPU, memory, disk latency, filesystem capacity, database connections, PHP-FPM saturation, failed cron or task queues, cache hit rate, certificate expiry and search indexing duration.
Backups, patches and day-to-day operations
Backups must be restorable
Keep encrypted copies off the VPS and retain enough history to recover from accidental deletion or a compromised application. Test both a complete rebuild and a selective restore of one site’s database and uploads. Document which order services start in and where credentials are stored; a backup that cannot be decrypted or replayed is not a recovery plan.
Patch the whole dependency chain
Maintain supported security releases for the Linux distribution, web server, PHP, database, WordPress core, themes, plugins, XenForo, Moodle, MediaWiki and their extensions. Test upgrades on staging first, especially when moving PHP or the database. Record the installed versions so a failed update can be identified quickly.
Monitor application-specific work
Infrastructure graphs alone miss delayed work. Track WordPress cron failures, Moodle scheduled tasks, MediaWiki maintenance scripts, XenForo jobs and search indexing time. A site can show low average CPU while a queue quietly grows because workers, database connections or a remote dependency are exhausted.
Common failure modes and fixes
One site slows the others
Check per-pool worker counts, memory usage, database connections and disk latency. Reduce runaway PHP concurrency, isolate heavy jobs and move the database or high-write storage to a separate tier if contention remains. Do not solve cross-site contention by giving every pool unlimited workers.
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Confirm that the selected web server’s rewrite configuration is loaded for the correct virtual host. Apache deployments need the appropriate rewrite support; Nginx deployments require equivalent centralized rules because .htaccess is not read. Test one application at a time and reload only after configuration validation.
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Cache appears inconsistent
Verify that each application uses its own Redis database or key prefix, then clear only the affected application’s cache. Check eviction and memory metrics before increasing cache size; a cache that evicts constantly can add load instead of removing it.
XenForo search rebuild overwhelms the VPS
Schedule rebuilds outside peak traffic, watch memory and disk latency, and confirm that Elasticsearch is at least version 7.2 when Enhanced Search is enabled. If rebuilds still compete with PHP and database work, move search to a separate tier rather than removing monitoring.
An upgrade breaks an extension
Restore the staging snapshot, identify the incompatible plugin, theme or extension, and test a supported replacement or version before touching production. Keep the previous package and database backup available for rollback, and never run an untested PHP upgrade directly on all four sites.
A practical decision framework
- Choose one VPS when traffic is modest, a single failure domain is acceptable and your team values the simplest backup and patch process.
- Choose Nginx when you want a shared static-file and TLS front end and can manage centralized rewrite rules.
- Choose Apache when .htaccess or mod_rewrite compatibility and existing administrator knowledge reduce operational risk.
- Choose OPcache for every pool. It is the common baseline optimization.
- Choose Redis or memcached only with an application-supported integration and isolated namespaces.
- Choose Elasticsearch only for XenForo Enhanced Search and budget for its memory, storage, rebuild and patching needs.
- Split tiers after measurement shows sustained resource contention, recovery requirements or a need to scale database, search or file storage independently.
The resulting setup is deliberately conservative: a supported Linux base, PHP 8.3+, modern MariaDB or MySQL, one well-understood web server, isolated application identities, OPcache, tested off-site backups and monitoring. It gives all four applications a compatible home without committing you to distributed-system complexity before the workload requires it.
Quick Recap
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