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Yes. You can cast an instant during combat whenever you have priority. The clearest chances are after attackers are declared and after blockers are declared; there is no chance to cast a spell between combat damage being assigned and dealt.
When can you cast an instant during combat?
Magic’s combat phase proceeds through beginning of combat, declare attackers, declare blockers, one or more combat-damage steps, and end of combat. Players receive priority at relevant points in that sequence, and an instant can be cast when its player has priority. Wizards’ combat-phase walkthrough explains the sequence and priority windows.
After attackers are declared
Once attackers have been declared, players get a chance to act before blockers are chosen. You can cast an instant in this window—for example, to change a creature’s power or otherwise affect combat before the defending player decides whether and how to block.
After blockers are declared
After blockers are declared, the active player receives priority first. If that player passes, the nonactive player can respond. Players may continue taking actions as priority passes between them. A combat trick may be more informative here because you know which creatures are blocking; Wizards uses casting Titanic Growth after blockers are declared as an example.
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Two consecutive passes move the game forward. Once both players pass and the game advances out of a window, that window does not reopen simply because a player changes their mind.
Can you cast a spell before combat damage?
Yes, if you mean after blockers are declared but before the combat-damage step begins: players can act in the priority window there. But once the combat-damage step is underway, there is no priority window between damage being assigned and dealt. You cannot wait to see the assigned damage and then cast an instant to prevent it.
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Players do receive priority after combat damage has been dealt, but an instant cast then cannot undo damage that already happened. First strike or double strike can create separate combat-damage steps; if the game proceeds to a later damage step, players can get another opportunity between those steps.
How does combat damage work with multiple blockers?
Under the current rules, when one attacker is blocked by multiple creatures, its controller assigns that attacker’s damage among those blockers during the combat-damage step. The Foundations update removed the former damage-assignment-order procedure. For trample, the attacker’s controller must assign lethal damage to its blockers before assigning excess damage to the attacked player, planeswalker, or battle. See Wizards’ Foundations Update Bulletin and Foundations mechanics overview.
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What if the spell is not an instant?
Instants are generally cast whenever their player has priority, subject to the card’s text and other restrictions. Flash grants that same timing permission to a non-instant spell. Neither permission overrides a specific effect that prohibits casting a spell or changes when it can be cast. Wizards defines instant, flash, first strike, double strike, and combat damage in its keyword glossary; its Comprehensive Rules are the reference for detailed interactions and corner cases.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Should you wait to cast your instant?
Waiting until after blockers are known can make a combat trick more effective, but it also means the opponent may act first if they have priority. Wizards author Gavin Verhey’s advice to “wait on your instants” is a strategic rule of thumb, not a separate timing rule. The actual opportunity depends on priority, the game state, and the card’s text.
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