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1Scan for outdated or missing drivers - takes under a minute2Repair Windows errors before they cause bigger problems3Fix the driver behind crashes, sound loss and screen glitchesAutomate a PHP deployment by making Ansible perform the same ordered work every time: check out a known Git revision, install production Composer dependencies, place secrets outside version control, apply least-privilege ownership, render PHP-FPM and Nginx configuration, reload services only when configuration changes, and run framework tasks such as migrations and queue workers. Use ansible.builtin.git for source and community.general.composer for dependencies; the latter is a separate collection that must be installed before the playbook runs.
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What an Ansible PHP deployment should automate
A reliable deployment is a sequence with explicit inputs and repeatable results. The application server should not depend on an operator remembering a command, editing a file by hand, or choosing a different Git revision during an outage.
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- Fetch the requested application revision into the application directory.
- Run Composer in that directory with development packages excluded and the autoloader optimized for production.
- Install an environment file and application key from protected variables or a secret-management process, never from the repository.
- Set ownership and permissions so the web user can access only the paths it needs.
- Render PHP-FPM and Nginx configuration from templates and notify handlers to reload services when those files change.
- For frameworks such as Laravel, run migrations and keep queue workers and scheduled tasks under service supervision.
This order matters. Nginx should not be switched to code whose dependencies are missing, and a worker should not be restarted before its code and configuration are present. Ansible turns that order into an auditable playbook.
Prerequisites and boundaries
Control node
- Install a supported Ansible release and use fully qualified module names in the playbook.
- Install the collection containing the Composer module:
ansible-galaxy collection install community.general.community.general.composeris not part ofansible-core. - Keep the collection version pinned in your project requirements when reproducibility matters. The current documentation page used for this guide describes community.general 13.3.0; verify parameters against the version you select.
Target host
- Provide Git 1.7.1 or newer. The
ansible.builtin.gitmodule invokes the Git command-line tool on the target. - Install PHP and Composer before invoking
community.general.composer. If Composer is not on the normalPATH, set its path withcomposer_executable. - Install and configure PHP-FPM, Nginx, and any database or queue service required by the application. Package names and service names vary by distribution and PHP version.
- Ensure the Ansible connection user can become root for package, service, and ownership tasks.
The February 2026 Laravel deployment guide that informed this workflow uses Ubuntu and installs PHP from a third-party APT repository. Treat that as an example platform, not a universal requirement; select a PHP version supported by your application and operating-system policy.
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Use roles so the deployment has clear responsibilities
Keep application code, runtime configuration, and process supervision separate. A practical layout is:
ansible/
inventory.ini
site.yml
requirements.yml
group_vars/
web.yml
roles/
app_code/
tasks/main.yml
templates/env.j2
php_fpm/
tasks/main.yml
templates/pool.conf.j2
nginx/
tasks/main.yml
templates/site.conf.j2
workers/
tasks/main.yml
templates/queue-worker.service.j2The top-level playbook composes these roles. Each role owns the files and handlers it changes, which prevents a web-server edit from being hidden inside an application task.
---
- name: Deploy PHP application
hosts: web
become: true
vars_files:
- group_vars/web.yml
roles:
- app_code
- php_fpm
- nginx
- workersKeep environment-specific values in inventory or encrypted variable files. Do not commit private keys, database passwords, or a production .env file to the application repository.
Install the collection and design inventory
Create a collection requirements file so a new control node installs the same dependency:
---
collections:
- name: community.general
version: '13.3.0'Install it with:
ansible-galaxy collection install -r requirements.ymlA minimal inventory identifies the host and the connection account:
[web]
app-01 ansible_host=203.0.113.10 ansible_user=deploy
[web:vars]
ansible_python_interpreter=/usr/bin/python3Use a dedicated deployment account and privilege escalation rather than allowing the web process to run as root. Put the application path, repository URL, revision, web user, PHP-FPM service, and Nginx service in variables so the role is reusable.
Check out code safely with ansible.builtin.git
The fully qualified module name is ansible.builtin.git. Its required inputs are a repository and destination (unless cloning is deliberately disabled). The version parameter accepts a branch, tag, or SHA-1 and defaults to HEAD; pinning an immutable commit or release tag gives a deployment a known input.
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---
- name: Check out application source
ansible.builtin.git:
repo: '{{ app_repo }}'
dest: '{{ app_path }}'
version: '{{ app_version }}'
depth: 1
single_branch: true
key_file: '{{ deploy_key_file }}'
accept_newhostkey: true
notify: Restart queue workersUse depth and single_branch when a shallow checkout is sufficient. Use refspec when the revision is supplied through a non-default ref. The module also supports ssh_opts for connection-specific SSH behavior.
Protect repository credentials
Do not embed a username or password in repo. Prefer an SSH deploy key referenced by key_file, or configure a credential helper outside the playbook. Store the private key with restrictive permissions and make it available only to the deployment account.
Avoid using accept_hostkey as a shortcut: the module documentation warns that it disables man-in-the-middle protection. Use accept_newhostkey where its behavior is acceptable, or install a verified host-key entry before the checkout. A known-hosts entry is the stricter option for production.
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Invoke community.general.composer after the checkout. Because it is outside ansible-core, a missing collection produces a module-resolution error even when Ansible itself is installed correctly.
---
- name: Install production Composer dependencies
community.general.composer:
command: install
working_dir: '{{ app_path }}'
no_dev: true
prefer_dist: true
optimize_autoloader: true
composer_executable: '{{ composer_bin }}'command defaults to install, so specifying it documents intent. working_dir prevents Composer from operating in the control-node directory. no_dev excludes development packages, prefer_dist favors distribution archives, and optimize_autoloader creates the production-oriented autoloader.
The target must have both PHP and Composer. If Composer is installed at the standard path, omit composer_executable; otherwise set it to the actual binary, such as a site-managed path. Recent community.general releases add a force option for create-project and pass through Composer’s root-user warning; those options are version-sensitive, so confirm availability in the collection version installed on your control node.
Run Composer as the deployment user where possible. If a task runs as root, understand Composer’s warning and ensure the resulting files have the ownership expected by the web process.
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Place environment values and application keys outside Git
Configuration that differs by environment belongs in Ansible variables or an external secret store, not in the repository. The role can render a file from a template:
APP_ENV={{ app_env }}
APP_DEBUG={{ app_debug | ternary('true', 'false') }}
APP_URL={{ app_url }}
DB_CONNECTION={{ db_connection }}
DB_HOST={{ db_host }}
DB_DATABASE={{ db_name }}
DB_USERNAME={{ db_user }}
DB_PASSWORD={{ db_password }}
---
- name: Install environment file
ansible.builtin.template:
src: env.j2
dest: '{{ app_path }}/.env'
owner: '{{ deploy_user }}'
group: '{{ web_group }}'
mode: '0600'
no_log: trueUse encrypted variables for secrets and no_log: true on tasks that could expose them in output. Generate a framework key only when the application is first initialized, then preserve it across later deployments; replacing it can invalidate encrypted data or sessions. A key-generation command should be an explicit, idempotent task with a condition that detects whether a valid key already exists.
Apply ownership and permissions deliberately
The common Ubuntu web account is www-data, but the correct user and group depend on your distribution and service configuration. The deployment account should own source and release-management files; the web user should receive write access only to directories the application must modify, such as framework cache or uploaded files.
---
- name: Set application tree ownership
ansible.builtin.file:
path: '{{ app_path }}'
owner: '{{ deploy_user }}'
group: '{{ web_group }}'
recurse: true
- name: Ensure writable runtime directories exist
ansible.builtin.file:
path: '{{ item }}'
state: directory
owner: '{{ web_user }}'
group: '{{ web_group }}'
mode: '0770'
loop:
- '{{ app_path }}/storage'
- '{{ app_path }}/bootstrap/cache'Do not recursively make the entire application world-writable. Keep .env at a restrictive mode, and check permissions after Composer because generated files can otherwise inherit an unexpected owner.
Template PHP-FPM and Nginx configuration
PHP-FPM pool
Render a pool file rather than editing a server manually. The template should contain the pool user and group, listen socket or port, and resource settings appropriate to the host. The exact service name and configuration directory differ by PHP version, so expose them as variables.
[{{ fpm_pool_name }}]
user = {{ web_user }}
group = {{ web_group }}
listen = {{ fpm_socket }}
pm = dynamic
pm.max_children = {{ fpm_max_children }}
pm.start_servers = {{ fpm_start_servers }}
pm.min_spare_servers = {{ fpm_min_spare_servers }}
pm.max_spare_servers = {{ fpm_max_spare_servers }}---
- name: Render PHP-FPM pool
ansible.builtin.template:
src: pool.conf.j2
dest: '{{ fpm_pool_path }}'
owner: root
group: root
mode: '0644'
notify: Reload PHP-FPMNginx virtual host
Point Nginx’s document root at the application’s public directory, pass PHP requests to the same FPM socket, and deny direct access to private files. Keep the server name, root, socket, and TLS settings in variables.
server {
listen 80;
server_name {{ app_domain }};
root {{ app_path }}/public;
index index.php;
location / {
try_files $uri $uri/ /index.php?$query_string;
}
location ~ .php$ {
include fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_pass unix:{{ fpm_socket }};
}
location ~ /. {
deny all;
}
}---
- name: Render Nginx site
ansible.builtin.template:
src: site.conf.j2
dest: '{{ nginx_site_path }}'
owner: root
group: root
mode: '0644'
notify: Reload NginxUse handlers so an unchanged template does not cause an unnecessary reload. Add a separate task to enable the site if your distribution uses an enabled-sites directory, and validate the Nginx configuration before reloading.
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Define handlers and service ordering
---
- name: Reload PHP-FPM
ansible.builtin.service:
name: '{{ php_fpm_service }}'
state: reloaded
- name: Reload Nginx
ansible.builtin.service:
name: nginx
state: reloaded
- name: Restart queue workers
ansible.builtin.service:
name: '{{ queue_service }}'
state: restartedReload configuration only after the template task reports a change. Restart workers after the new code and dependencies are installed so they do not continue executing an obsolete application tree. If your init system supports a syntax-test command, run it before the reload and fail the deployment when validation fails.
Laravel migrations, queue workers, and scheduled tasks
Framework tasks belong after code, dependencies, environment values, and permissions are ready. A Laravel-style migration task can be expressed as a command whose working directory is the application path:
---
- name: Run database migrations
ansible.builtin.command:
cmd: php artisan migrate --force
chdir: '{{ app_path }}'
register: migration_result
changed_when: migration_result.rc == 0
Use the framework’s non-interactive production option where required, and protect the database credentials used by the command. Migrations are application-specific: test ordering and backward compatibility before deploying code that expects new columns.
Queue workers
Install a service unit from a template so workers restart on boot and can be restarted when a deployment changes code:
[Unit]
Description={{ app_name }} queue worker
After=network.target
[Service]
User={{ worker_user }}
Group={{ web_group }}
WorkingDirectory={{ app_path }}
ExecStart={{ php_bin }} artisan queue:work --sleep={{ queue_sleep }} --tries={{ queue_tries }}
Restart=always
[Install]
WantedBy=multi-user.targetHave Ansible install the unit, run the service-manager daemon reload when it changes, enable it, and start it. Keep worker concurrency and retry values as variables; they depend on workload and database capacity.
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Scheduled tasks
Laravel’s scheduler needs a recurring invocation of php artisan schedule:run. Manage that invocation as a host-level scheduled task or a dedicated service, and ensure only one scheduler runs for a given application unless duplicate execution is intentionally safe.
Make the playbook idempotent and observable
- Use declarative modules for files, templates, packages, and services. Reserve
commandfor framework operations that have no suitable module. - Use
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- Record the Git revision, Composer result, migration result, and handler changes in the job output.
- Run in check mode where modules support it, but remember that a check cannot prove a migration or application command will succeed.
Idempotence means a second run converges on the same state: Git remains at the requested revision, Composer does not reinstall unnecessarily, unchanged templates do not reload services, and an existing application key is preserved.
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Common failures and precise fixes
“couldn’t resolve module/action community.general.composer”
Install the collection on the control node with ansible-galaxy collection install community.general, or install from the pinned requirements.yml. Confirm that the execution environment used by automation contains the collection, not only your interactive shell.
Composer cannot be found or exits before installing
Verify PHP and Composer on the target as the deployment user. Set composer_executable to the absolute Composer path when it is not on PATH. Check the PHP version against the application’s Composer constraints.
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Confirm that the deploy key is readable by the connection user, that the repository URL uses SSH rather than embedded credentials, and that the host key is present in the account’s known-hosts file. Do not “fix” the error by enabling accept_hostkey, which removes MITM protection.
The web server returns a 502 response
Check that PHP-FPM is running, that Nginx’s fastcgi_pass points to the same socket or port configured in the FPM pool, and that the socket permissions allow Nginx to connect. Reload FPM and Nginx only after their templates validate.
The application reports a missing key or database error
Inspect the rendered environment file’s presence, ownership, and mode without printing its contents. Confirm that the secret variables were supplied to the correct inventory group and that migrations ran against the intended database.
Workers still execute old code
Workers are long-lived processes. Notify a worker restart after code or dependency changes, and verify the service manager reports the new process start time and application path.
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A tutorial uses sudo, with_items, or key=value arguments
Those patterns commonly appear in PHP 5-era Ansible tutorials. Keep the workflow, but rewrite tasks with current YAML module arguments, privilege escalation through become: true, and fully qualified module names. Always compare parameters with the current module documentation; older community.general 1.x pages use different names and yes/no-style values.
Deployment checklist
- Git 1.7.1 or newer, PHP, Composer, PHP-FPM, Nginx, and required extensions are installed on the target.
- The
community.generalcollection is installed and pinned for the execution environment. - The repository revision is explicit, credentials are not in the URL, and SSH host verification is configured safely.
- Composer runs in the application directory with
no_devandoptimize_autoloader. - The environment file and application key come from protected variables and are not committed.
- Ownership, writable directories, and secret-file modes match the web and worker users.
- PHP-FPM and Nginx templates pass configuration validation; handlers reload only when files change.
- Migrations, queue workers, and scheduled tasks run in the intended order and under supervision.
- A second playbook run is safe and produces no avoidable changes.
Choosing this approach
Ansible is a strong fit when you want infrastructure and application configuration expressed as reviewable YAML, need the same procedure across several hosts, and can maintain a pinned collection set. Roles make the PHP-FPM, Nginx, worker, and application concerns reusable while templates keep environment differences explicit.
The trade-off is operational discipline: you must maintain the collection version, protect SSH and secret material, verify module parameters as Ansible evolves, and test framework commands such as migrations. The module-level workflow is reproducible, but release directories, atomic symlink switching, and rollback policy are separate design decisions that should be specified and tested for your environment rather than copied blindly from an old tutorial.
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