Yes—Ansible can provision the complete WordPress stack on Ubuntu: web server, PHP, MySQL-compatible database, WordPress files, configuration, WP-CLI, and the initial administrator account. A reliable design keeps infrastructure tasks idempotent, stores credentials in Ansible Vault, gives WordPress a dedicated least-privilege database user, and validates that a second playbook run makes no unnecessary changes.
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The workflow below follows Ubuntu’s documented Apache path while showing where Nginx, per-site users, PHP-FPM, or a managed database fit. Package names and software requirements change, so pin and test versions against the Ubuntu release you actually operate instead of treating the examples as a universal production baseline.
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What Ansible installs—and what it does not
Ansible is the orchestration layer. It connects from a control node to one or more Ubuntu managed hosts and converges their state toward your playbook. WordPress still depends on a web server, PHP and its extensions, and a MySQL-compatible database. WP-CLI supplies a repeatable, non-interactive bootstrap for the WordPress tables and first administrator.
A practical single-host flow is:
- Define inventory, site variables, and encrypted secrets.
- Install and start Apache or Nginx, PHP, database packages, archive tools, and Python database bindings.
- Create a database and a localhost application user with only the grants WordPress needs.
- Download the upstream WordPress release, unpack it, and apply deliberate ownership and modes.
- Template the virtual host and
wp-config.php, notifying a web-server reload handler only when a file changes. - Install WP-CLI, then run
wp config createandwp core installas the site user. - Check services, ports, routing, PHP, database access, and WordPress convergence.
Choose an architecture before writing tasks
There is no single correct topology. Decide these boundaries first; changing them after deployment usually means moving files, credentials, and service ownership.
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| Decision | Simpler starting point | More isolated alternative | Trade-off |
|---|---|---|---|
| Web server | Apache with the Ubuntu tutorial’s PHP integration | Nginx with PHP-FPM | Apache is straightforward for a first role; Nginx and separate FPM pools can provide tighter per-site resource and process isolation. |
| Bootstrap | WP-CLI commands | Browser-based five-minute setup | WP-CLI is repeatable and CI/CD-friendly; the browser flow is useful for manual recovery but is harder to make deterministic. |
| Filesystem | One site owned by www-data |
Per-site Unix users and PHP-FPM pools | Shared ownership is operationally simple. Per-site identities reduce the blast radius on a multi-site host. |
| Database | Local MySQL-compatible server | Managed database service | Local placement minimizes latency and setup. A managed service can improve failover and backups but requires network controls, TLS, and secret rotation. |
The Ubuntu tutorial used for this workflow lists Ubuntu Server 20.04 LTS as its prerequisite. Treat that as the tutorial’s tested context, not a promise that every current Ubuntu release has identical package names or defaults.
Version and prerequisite checks
Record the target Ubuntu release, WordPress version, PHP version, database engine, and web server in your role’s test matrix. The WP-CLI installation documentation, accessed in 2026, lists PHP 7.2.24 or later. The WP-CLI project documentation also lists WordPress 4.9 or later and PHP 7.2.24 or later. Current WordPress requirements may be newer, so check them at deployment time and select packages that satisfy both WordPress and WP-CLI.
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| Component | Check before deployment | Why it matters |
|---|---|---|
| Ubuntu | Exact release and enabled repositories | Package names, PHP streams, service defaults, and security-update policy vary by release. |
| PHP | Version supported by the selected WordPress release and WP-CLI | An old interpreter can block installation or leave the site unsupported. |
| Database | MySQL-compatible engine, authentication method, and character-set defaults | Ansible database modules need compatible drivers and credentials. |
| Network | SSH from the control node, DNS for the domain, and outbound access for approved downloads | Missing connectivity causes failures that look like package or application errors. |
| Privileges | A sudo-capable Ansible account on the managed host | Package, service, filesystem, and database setup require escalation. |
Lay out the Ansible project and protect secrets
Keep host-independent defaults in a role and put environment-specific values in inventory or group variables. Never commit database passwords, the WordPress administrator password, salts, or private keys in plaintext.
wordpress-ansible/
├── inventory/production/hosts.yml
├── group_vars/wordpress/main.yml
├── group_vars/wordpress/vault.yml
├── roles/wordpress/{defaults,tasks,handlers,templates,files}/
└── site.ymlAn inventory can separate the control node from the managed host:
all:
children:
wordpress:
hosts:
wp01:
ansible_host: 203.0.113.20
ansible_user: deployPut non-secret settings in group_vars/wordpress/main.yml:
wordpress_domain: example.invalid
wordpress_path: /var/www/example
wordpress_db_name: wordpress_example
wordpress_db_user: wordpress_example
wordpress_db_host: localhost
wordpress_download_url: https://operator-selected-release.example/wordpress.tar.gz
wp_cli_download_url: https://operator-selected-release.example/wp-cli.phar
wordpress_admin_user: siteadmin
wordpress_admin_email: [email protected]
wordpress_admin_url: https://example.invalidThe URLs above are variables deliberately supplied by the operator or release process; choose an approved, current upstream artifact and pin its checksum rather than silently tracking a moving download. Encrypt the sensitive companion file:
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wordpress_db_password: vault-managed-database-password
wordpress_admin_password: vault-managed-wordpress-password
wp_cli_sha512: vault-managed-checksumCreate it with ansible-vault create group_vars/wordpress/vault.yml, and use a vault password mechanism appropriate for your CI system. Restrict the vault file and any generated logs, because command arguments and task output can otherwise expose credentials.
Prepare Ubuntu with package and service tasks
Use the package module rather than shelling out to apt. Refresh metadata once per run, install the web and PHP stack, and include the Python database bindings required by the Ansible collection you select.
- name: Refresh package metadata
ansible.builtin.apt:
update_cache: true
cache_valid_time: 3600
- name: Install web, PHP, database, and utility packages
ansible.builtin.apt:
name:
- apache2
- php
- php-mysql
- php-curl
- php-gd
- php-mbstring
- php-xml
- php-zip
- mysql-server
- mysql-client
- python3-pymysql
- ca-certificates
- curl
- tar
- unzip
state: present
- name: Enable and start services
ansible.builtin.service:
name: '{{ item }}'
enabled: true
state: started
loop:
- apache2
- mysqlThis is an example package set, not a production baseline. Confirm names and PHP extensions for the target Ubuntu release, and use Nginx plus PHP-FPM packages when that is your fleet standard. If you use Nginx, template a server block and manage the FPM service instead of enabling Apache modules.
Create a least-privilege WordPress database
Install the community.mysql collection on the control node if your role uses its modules. The managed host needs a Python MySQL driver. Connect locally through the Unix socket or an administrative account; do not configure WordPress to use the database server’s root login.
- name: Create the application database
community.mysql.mysql_db:
name: '{{ wordpress_db_name }}'
state: present
encoding: utf8mb4
collation: utf8mb4_unicode_ci
login_unix_socket: /run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
- name: Create a localhost-only application user
community.mysql.mysql_user:
name: '{{ wordpress_db_user }}'
password: '{{ wordpress_db_password }}'
host: localhost
priv: '{{ wordpress_db_name }}.*:ALL'
state: present
login_unix_socket: /run/mysqld/mysqld.sock
no_log: trueUse the database engine’s supported character set and collation for your release; the values shown are common WordPress choices, not a guarantee for every server. Keep the user restricted to the application database and localhost unless a separate database host requires a narrowly scoped network identity. For a managed database, replace socket authentication with TLS-protected credentials and firewall rules that allow only the application host.
Download WordPress and set filesystem ownership deliberately
Ubuntu’s documented workflow downloads the upstream WordPress release rather than installing the distribution archive package. Pin a specific release URL and checksum in variables when you need reproducible builds. Download to a temporary location, unpack into a stable path, and avoid deleting an existing installation until you have a rollback plan.
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- name: Download the pinned WordPress archive
ansible.builtin.get_url:
url: '{{ wordpress_download_url }}'
dest: /tmp/wordpress.tar.gz
checksum: '{{ wordpress_archive_checksum }}
mode: '0644'
- name: Unpack WordPress into a staging directory
ansible.builtin.unarchive:
src: /tmp/wordpress.tar.gz
dest: /tmp
remote_src: true
creates: /tmp/wordpress/wp-settings.php
- name: Create the document root
ansible.builtin.file:
path: '{{ wordpress_path }}'
state: directory
owner: www-data
group: www-data
mode: '0755'
- name: Copy the application tree into place
ansible.builtin.copy:
src: /tmp/wordpress/
dest: '{{ wordpress_path }}/'
remote_src: true
owner: www-data
group: www-data
directory_mode: '0755'The exact deployment method can instead use a release directory and an atomic symlink switch. That makes rollback safer, but it requires explicit handling for uploads, writable directories, and database migrations. Do not recursively make every file writable by the web server on a shared host: Ubuntu’s tutorial warns that blanket www-data ownership can be insecure when multiple sites coexist.
Template the virtual host and WordPress configuration
Apache path
Template an Apache virtual host with the domain, document root, directory permissions, and a handler that reloads Apache only when the template changes. Enable the site and disable the default site if it would otherwise catch requests.
<VirtualHost *:80>
ServerName {{ wordpress_domain }}
DocumentRoot {{ wordpress_path }}
<Directory {{ wordpress_path }}>
AllowOverride All
Require all granted
</Directory>
ErrorLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/{{ wordpress_domain }}-error.log
CustomLog ${APACHE_LOG_DIR}/{{ wordpress_domain }}-access.log combined
</VirtualHost>- name: Enable the WordPress virtual host
ansible.builtin.command: a2ensite wordpress.conf
args:
creates: /etc/apache2/sites-enabled/wordpress.conf
notify: Reload Apache
- name: Enable rewrite support
community.general.apache2_module:
name: rewrite
state: present
notify: Reload ApacheAdd TLS, HTTP-to-HTTPS redirection, security headers, and a firewall policy before exposing the site publicly. The example deliberately shows HTTP-only plumbing so that certificate issuance and renewal can be designed for your environment rather than assumed.
Nginx and PHP-FPM path
For Nginx, template a server block that points root at the WordPress path, sends PHP requests to the selected FPM socket, and denies direct access to sensitive files. Manage the FPM pool as a separate service. A per-site pool can run under a per-site Unix account, separating uploads and PHP execution from other sites.
Render wp-config.php with restrictive modes
<?php
define( 'DB_NAME', '{{ wordpress_db_name }}' );
define( 'DB_USER', '{{ wordpress_db_user }}' );
define( 'DB_PASSWORD', '{{ wordpress_db_password }}' );
define( 'DB_HOST', '{{ wordpress_db_host }}' );
define( 'DB_CHARSET', 'utf8mb4' );
define( 'WP_DEBUG', false );
$table_prefix = 'wp_';
require_once ABSPATH . 'wp-settings.php';- name: Write wp-config.php with limited permissions
ansible.builtin.template:
src: wp-config.php.j2
dest: '{{ wordpress_path }}/wp-config.php'
owner: www-data
group: www-data
mode: '0640'
no_log: trueKeep salts and other secret constants in Vault or generate them through a controlled secret system. Ensure the web server can read the file while ordinary users cannot. If your ownership model uses a per-site account, substitute that account consistently rather than mixing identities.
Install WP-CLI reproducibly
WP-CLI’s recommended installation downloads wp-cli.phar, optionally verifies its signature, marks it executable, and places it on PATH. Use an Ansible download task with a pinned checksum, then a file task and a command task guarded by creates.
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- name: Download WP-CLI
ansible.builtin.get_url:
url: '{{ wp_cli_download_url }}'
dest: /usr/local/src/wp-cli.phar
checksum: 'sha512:{{ wp_cli_sha512 }}'
mode: '0644'
- name: Install WP-CLI on PATH
ansible.builtin.copy:
src: /usr/local/src/wp-cli.phar
dest: /usr/local/bin/wp
remote_src: true
owner: root
group: root
mode: '0755'
- name: Check the CLI binary
ansible.builtin.command: /usr/local/bin/wp --info
register: wp_cli_info
changed_when: falseSignature verification is an additional control when you can obtain and pin the publisher’s signing key through a trusted channel. Do not replace checksum or signature verification with an unpinned “latest” download in a production pipeline.
Complete the five-minute install non-interactively
Run WordPress commands as the account that owns the site files. First create the configuration if it does not exist, then test whether WordPress is already installed. Only run the table-creation command when that test says it is not installed.
- name: Create WordPress configuration when absent
ansible.builtin.command:
cmd: >-
/usr/local/bin/wp config create
--path={{ wordpress_path }}
--dbname={{ wordpress_db_name }}
--dbuser={{ wordpress_db_user }}
--dbpass={{ wordpress_db_password }}
--dbhost={{ wordpress_db_host }}
--skip-check
creates: '{{ wordpress_path }}/wp-config.php'
become_user: www-data
no_log: true
- name: Check whether WordPress is installed
ansible.builtin.command:
cmd: /usr/local/bin/wp core is-installed --path={{ wordpress_path }}
become_user: www-data
register: wordpress_install_check
changed_when: false
failed_when: false
- name: Create WordPress tables and administrator
ansible.builtin.command:
cmd: >-
/usr/local/bin/wp core install
--path={{ wordpress_path }}
--url={{ wordpress_admin_url }}
--title={{ wordpress_title }}
--admin_user={{ wordpress_admin_user }}
--admin_password={{ wordpress_admin_password }}
--admin_email={{ wordpress_admin_email }}
become_user: www-data
when: wordpress_install_check.rc != 0
no_log: trueThe official wp core install command reference states that this command creates the WordPress tables from the supplied values. Keep the administrator password in Vault and suppress task output. If WordPress is served from a subdirectory, set siteurl to that subdirectory URL after installation, while keeping the home URL appropriate for the public address.
Make the role idempotent
Idempotence means a second run reports no changes when the desired state has not changed. It is more than adding creates to commands.
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package,service,file,template,get_url, and database modules for resources they understand. - Use command guards such as
creates, check commands, or registered state tests for operations that have no native module. - Set
changed_when: falseon read-only checks, including version and health probes. - Attach handlers to templates and module changes so Apache or PHP-FPM reloads only after configuration changes.
- Pin archive checksums and avoid downloading a moving “latest” file on every run.
- Keep database grants explicit. A changed password should be an intentional Vault change, not an accidental task-side effect.
- Separate one-time bootstrap from recurring maintenance such as plugin updates, backups, and log rotation.
handlers:
- name: Reload Apache
ansible.builtin.service:
name: apache2
state: reloadedRun the playbook twice in a disposable environment and inspect the second result. Unexpected changes usually indicate a non-idempotent shell command, an unstable download, a template value that changes each run, or ownership and mode tasks fighting another process.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Validate the deployed site
Validation should test the path a user and an operator depend on, not merely whether packages are installed.
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- Check that Apache or Nginx, PHP-FPM when used, and MySQL are enabled and active.
- Confirm the expected listening ports and firewall rules; do not expose the database port publicly unless a tightly controlled design requires it.
- Resolve the domain to the intended host and verify virtual-host routing.
- Request a temporary PHP health endpoint, confirm the expected interpreter, and remove the endpoint after testing.
- Log in to the database with the WordPress user and verify that access is limited to the application database.
- Run
wp core version --path=...as the site user and runwp core is-installed --path=...to confirm the tables exist. - Request the HTTPS site and check redirects, certificate validity, login access, uploads, and permalink behavior.
- Run Ansible again and require a clean convergence report.
Keep health checks free of secrets. If a check fails, preserve service logs and the exact Ansible task output, but ensure Vault variables and command lines containing passwords are redacted.
Security controls that belong in automation
Transport and host protection
- Use SSH keys, a dedicated deployment account, and narrowly scoped sudo policy.
- Enable HTTPS with automated renewal, redirect plain HTTP, and open only required firewall ports.
- Apply Ubuntu security updates through a tested maintenance process; do not hide patching inside an unpredictable application bootstrap.
- Restrict database binding and network access to the application path.
Application and filesystem protection
- Use a dedicated database and database user; never reuse the server’s root login.
- Keep
wp-config.phpunreadable to unrelated users and avoid world-writable directories. - Separate uploads from executable code where your web-server policy permits it, and review plugin and theme write requirements.
- On multi-site hosts, prefer per-site Unix users and PHP-FPM pools over blanket ownership by
www-data. - Store Vault passwords outside the repository and rotate database and administrator credentials through controlled changes.
Backups, updates, and rollback
An installation is not recoverable merely because the playbook can run again. Schedule database dumps, protect them separately from the host, and test restoration. Back up the uploads directory and any configuration or custom code that is not recreated from version control.
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Troubleshooting common failures
| Symptom | Likely cause | Fix |
|---|---|---|
| Package task cannot find PHP or extension | Ubuntu release uses a different package name or repository | Inspect the target release’s package metadata, adjust the role variables, and test on that release rather than copying an older command. |
| Database module reports an authentication error | Wrong socket, driver, administrative account, or authentication plugin | Verify the socket path and Python driver, test a local administrative login, then create the application user separately. |
| WordPress shows “Error establishing a database connection” | Incorrect host, name, user, password, or database grant | Test with the same credentials from the managed host, inspect grants for the exact host value, and confirm Vault variables were loaded. |
| Apache returns the default page | Virtual host is not enabled, DNS points elsewhere, or the request lacks the expected host name | Check enabled sites, reload Apache, inspect the resolved address, and send a request with the intended host header. |
| Permalinks return 404 under Apache | Rewrite support or directory overrides are disabled | Enable the rewrite module, permit the required overrides for the document root, reload through the handler, and resave permalinks. |
| WP-CLI command works manually but not in Ansible | Different user, path, PHP binary, environment, or file permissions | Run the command as the owning site account with an explicit --path, inspect wp --info, and remove interactive assumptions. |
| Second run reinstalls or changes files | Unpinned download, missing guard, or ownership drift | Pin a checksum, add state checks, use stable release paths, and decide which account is authoritative for each directory. |
When to use a different implementation
Choose the Apache path when it matches your Ubuntu fleet and you want the smallest operational surface. Choose Nginx with PHP-FPM when you already standardize on it or need per-site pools and tighter process isolation. Keep WP-CLI for repeatable environments; reserve browser setup for a deliberate manual fallback. Use a managed database when its backup, failover, and security controls outweigh the latency and network complexity of a local server.
The durable pattern is the same in every variant: declare inputs, encrypt secrets, create least-privilege database access, template configuration, notify reload handlers, bootstrap only when state is absent, and prove convergence with a second run and application-level checks.
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