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Choose how Duplicati will run
Ubuntu is Debian-based, so Duplicati’s Linux distribution is installed from a matching .deb package. You can run the Duplicati Server, Agent, command-line client, or a Docker deployment. On a server without a desktop, the practical choices are the Server with its web interface, or duplicati-cli controlled by cron or another scheduler.
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| Consideration | Duplicati Server and web interface | duplicati-cli with cron or another scheduler |
|---|---|---|
| Headless suitability | Suitable when the service is managed remotely through its web interface. | Well suited to a minimal SSH-only installation. |
| Scheduling | Schedules are stored with the backup job and started by the Server. | The operating system scheduler starts each command. |
| Operational visibility | Job history, configuration, and operation logs are available in the interface. | You must collect command output, exit codes, and logs yourself. |
| Secret handling | OAuth details and job settings are kept in the Server’s configuration database; protect the service account and its files. | Protect the script, environment, configuration, and any secret-management integration used by the scheduled job. |
| Local database management | The Server maintains its local configuration and job databases. | The CLI can use a local database path, which you must preserve and monitor. |
| Restore workflow | Restore operations can be launched from the same job configuration and interface. | Restore commands are explicit and easy to place in a documented recovery runbook. |
When the Server is the better fit
Choose the Server when one process should retain backup configurations, start scheduled jobs, and provide a user interface. This is convenient for several backup sets or for operators who need visible job history without maintaining separate cron scripts. Run it as a dedicated, restricted Ubuntu account and limit access to its web interface according to your administration model.
When CLI plus cron is the better fit
Choose duplicati-cli when the host should remain minimal or when your existing operations platform already schedules commands, captures logs, and alerts on non-zero exit codes. The CLI can operate without a Server instance and can use a local database path. A CLI design is not automatically safer: the scheduler, wrapper script, database, OAuth token, and passphrase-retrieval method all become part of the recovery system.
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Agent and Docker deployments
The Agent and Docker forms are alternatives when their operating model matches your environment. A container still needs persistent storage for Duplicati’s configuration database and a reliable way to reach the Ubuntu source paths. Do not treat a disposable container filesystem as the only copy of the job configuration.
Install the correct Duplicati package on Ubuntu
- Identify the architecture. Run
dpkg --print-architectureoruname -m. Obtain the Duplicati Debian package built for that architecture; installing a package for another architecture will fail or produce an unusable service. - Install the package. From the directory containing the downloaded package, run
sudo apt install ./duplicati-package.deb, replacing the filename with the package you downloaded. Usingaptlets Ubuntu resolve package dependencies. If the package manager reports unfinished dependencies, complete the repair it requests before configuring backup jobs. - Select the operating mode. Decide whether the package should provide the Server, Agent, or CLI workflow. On a machine with no graphical desktop, use the Server’s remote-management model or install the command-line form.
- Verify the installation. For a CLI deployment, invoke
duplicati-cliand confirm that its help output appears. For a Server deployment, confirm that the service starts, that its configuration directory is writable by the service account, and that the web interface is reachable from your administration path. - Protect local state. Restrict the configuration database, job files, logs, and OAuth token material to the account that runs Duplicati and approved administrators. Include the location of this state in your disaster-recovery documentation; a replacement host needs it, or a documented way to recreate the jobs, even if the remote backup blocks are intact.
Do not put a backup job on the same filesystem as the only copy of its configuration and assume that this is sufficient protection. The remote Google Drive data and the local configuration serve different recovery purposes.
Prepare Ubuntu data for a recoverable backup
Start with the recovery question: which files and services must be rebuilt after disk loss, corruption, or accidental deletion? Typical sources include application configuration under /etc, service data under /var/lib, deployment files under /srv, and administrator-maintained data under a designated home or application directory. Select paths deliberately rather than backing up every mounted filesystem.
- Include configuration files, deployment definitions, certificates and keys that are required to rebuild the service, subject to your security policy.
- Include databases only through a consistent backup or dump when the database engine requires one. Copying files from a live database directory can produce an unusable set.
- Exclude caches, temporary files, package caches, and reproducible build output when they add volume without improving recovery.
- Record ownership, permissions, ACLs, symbolic links, extended attributes, and service dependencies that the restored application needs. Test these properties during a restore rather than assuming the files alone are enough.
- Document any mounts, generated files, secrets stored outside the selected paths, and external services that the application requires. A backup is not complete if the restore operator does not know these dependencies exist.
For a database-backed application, schedule the dump before Duplicati starts or use an application-consistent export procedure. Keep the dump in a path included by the job, and remove obsolete dumps according to the retention policy so they do not consume Google Drive quota indefinitely.
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Connect Duplicati to Google Drive
Google Drive is a supported Duplicati backend that can read and write backup data. Authorization uses Google’s OAuth flow, so the account approving access becomes an important part of the recovery record.
- Open the destination selector when creating a job in the Server interface, or configure the Google Drive backend in your CLI job.
- Select the Google Drive storage provider and start authorization. Follow the browser-based OAuth prompts with the intended Google account.
- Choose or create a dedicated destination folder. Use a clearly named folder for the server and job, and avoid mixing unrelated backup sets where an operator could accidentally prune the wrong data.
- Save the resulting destination settings in the Duplicati job. Run the provider’s connection or destination test before starting a large initial upload.
- Document the authorized account, Drive or shared-drive location, folder path, and the procedure for reauthorizing it. A restore performed during an outage may be handled by someone who did not create the original job.
Keep OAuth tokens and generated credentials under protected filesystem permissions. If you use a service-account or shared-drive arrangement, record exactly which account and drive were selected. Google Drive authorization and destination addressing are distinct settings; changing one without documenting the other can leave a replacement host unable to find the existing backup.
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Duplicati’s CLI documentation states that backups are encrypted by default unless --no-encryption is supplied. Set a strong passphrase deliberately and store it in an approved secret-management system. The passphrase is not recoverable from Google Drive; losing it can make encrypted backup data unusable.
Configure the job in the Server interface
- Create a new backup and give it a name that identifies the Ubuntu host, service, and data scope.
- Choose the Google Drive destination you authorized, then select only the source directories required for recovery.
- Enter the encryption passphrase and record its recovery procedure separately from the Duplicati configuration. Do not rely on a note stored only on the server being backed up.
- Review advanced settings such as block size, compression, and retention only after defining your restore objectives. Larger blocks can change upload and restore behavior; there is no universal value that fits every data-change pattern.
- Save the job and perform a small first run before scheduling the full source set.
Run a CLI job
The command-line client accepts a destination URL, source paths, and options such as --passphrase. Keep the destination and passphrase outside shell history where possible, using a protected wrapper or secret manager. A wrapper can expose them as environment variables to the process:
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duplicati-cli backup "$DESTINATION_URL" /etc /srv/application-data
--passphrase="$DUPLICATI_PASSPHRASE"DESTINATION_URL must be the exact Google Drive destination recorded for the job; do not invent a different provider URL when moving the job to another host. Add the source paths that your recovery plan requires, and capture standard output, standard error, and the command’s exit status. Do not use --no-encryption merely to simplify setup unless the data and threat model explicitly justify unencrypted remote storage.
Schedule backups and choose retention deliberately
The Server starts scheduled backups from its stored job configuration. With a CLI-only deployment, cron or another external scheduler invokes the command. In either model, the schedule should follow the amount of data the server can afford to lose and the time at which corruption or deletion might be discovered.
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|---|---|---|
| Recovery-point objective | How much recently changed data may be lost? | Shorter allowable loss requires more frequent jobs and more upload activity. |
| Recovery-time objective | How quickly must the service be usable again? | Keep restore procedures, credentials, and configuration available; test the complete path, not only file download. |
| Retention duration | How long might an unnoticed deletion or corruption remain undiscovered? | Retain historical versions beyond that discovery window, subject to Google Drive quota. |
| Upload volume | How quickly do selected files change, and how much quota is available? | Adjust source selection, block size, schedule, and retention after observing real job logs. |
| Restore-test frequency | How often can the team prove that recovery still works? | Run a repeatable staging restore on a cadence appropriate to the service’s risk, and after material configuration changes. |
Official Duplicati documentation does not prescribe one universal schedule, retention count, or block size. Do not copy arbitrary example values. A low-change configuration service may need a different cadence from a busy application with frequent database dumps, and both must fit the available Google Drive quota.
Example cron wrapper
For CLI operation, place the complete command and secret retrieval in a root-owned wrapper such as /usr/local/sbin/duplicati-backup. Make it executable only by the account that should run backups. A cron entry can then invoke the wrapper at the selected time:
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0 2 * * * /usr/local/sbin/duplicati-backup >> /var/log/duplicati-backup.log 2>&1The time in this example is illustrative, not a recommendation. Add locking if overlapping runs are possible, and alert on non-zero exit status, authentication failures, quota errors, and repeated partial operations. Rotate the wrapper’s logs so monitoring does not consume the same disk needed for the local Duplicati database.
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A successful upload is not proof that an application can be recovered. Validation should include a dry run, a review of the operation log, and an actual restore into a new directory.
- Perform a dry run. Use the CLI’s
--dry-runoption for an operation that supports it. A dry run simulates the operation without changing local or remote files and can expose source-path, permission, and destination mistakes before an upload or restore. - Run a small real backup. Select a representative subset first. Review the operation log for skipped files, read errors, authentication warnings, and quota responses.
- Create a clean staging directory. Use a path such as
/var/tmp/duplicati-restore-teston a filesystem with sufficient space. Never restore over the live service during the first test. - Restore with an explicit path. The CLI supports
--restore-pathfor restoring somewhere other than the original location. A command has this shape:
duplicati-cli restore "$DESTINATION_URL"
--restore-path=/var/tmp/duplicati-restore-testIf you need an older point in time, add --version with the historical version selected from the job’s available versions. Confirm the destination URL, passphrase, and version before executing the restore.
- Inspect the restored set. Compare filenames and contents with known-good originals. Check ownership, permissions, timestamps, symbolic links, and application-specific metadata.
- Perform an application-level check. For a database, import a test copy and run a consistency check. For a web or API service, start it with the restored configuration in an isolated environment and exercise a representative request path.
- Record the result. Note the Duplicati job name, version restored, staging path, checks performed, errors, and corrective actions. Repeat after major changes to source paths, credentials, Ubuntu hosts, or Duplicati configuration.
Keep the staging directory separate from production and delete it according to your data-handling policy after verification. A restore test should not expose production secrets to a less-protected test location.
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Monitor and troubleshoot the backup
OAuth or authorization failures
Check whether the Google account, folder, shared-drive membership, or OAuth token changed. Reauthorize through the destination settings using the documented account, then run a small operation and confirm that the job can both read existing backup data and write a new operation. Do not solve an authorization error by silently switching to a different Drive account.
Quota or upload failures
Review Google Drive capacity and the Duplicati operation log. Remove unnecessary source paths, reduce redundant generated data, or revise retention only after confirming that the resulting policy still covers the corruption-discovery window. A failed upload should produce an alert; do not assume a previous successful version is current enough.
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Local database or configuration problems
Protect the local Duplicati database from uncontrolled disk growth and verify that the service account can read and write it. Keep configuration backups or a documented export procedure. If the database is damaged, recreate the job only after confirming the original Google Drive destination, encryption passphrase, source paths, and version history.
Moving to a replacement Ubuntu host
- Install the matching Duplicati package and choose the same Server or CLI operating model.
- Restore or recreate the local job configuration and database according to your documented procedure.
- Reauthorize the same Google Drive account and destination if the token cannot be transferred safely.
- Run a dry run, then restore a representative file set to staging.
- Only after verification, retire the old scheduler or Server so that two hosts cannot run the same job unexpectedly.
Keep the passphrase recovery instructions available during this migration. Google Drive can hold the encrypted blocks, but it cannot replace the key needed to decrypt them.
Security and operating checklist
- Use a dedicated Google account or destination arrangement whose access is documented and limited to the required backup location.
- Restrict permissions on Duplicati’s configuration database, OAuth tokens, wrapper scripts, logs, and secret-manager integration.
- Use encryption with a passphrase held outside the server’s ordinary filesystem backup path.
- Back up application databases consistently rather than copying active database files blindly.
- Capture scheduler exit codes and operation logs, and alert on authentication, quota, permission, and repeated partial-operation errors.
- Keep enough historical versions to cover delayed discovery of corruption or deletion.
- Test a dry run and a real staging restore, including ownership, permissions, timestamps, and application consistency.
- Document the Google Drive account, drive and folder, Duplicati mode, local database location, source paths, passphrase-recovery process, and restore commands.
Recommended operating pattern
For most administrators who want visible job history and built-in scheduling, run the Duplicati Server on Ubuntu, protect its configuration and web access, authorize a dedicated Google Drive destination, and schedule the job there. For a highly minimal host already governed by cron, use duplicati-cli with a root-owned wrapper, explicit logging, and a protected local database path. In both cases, encrypt the backup, choose retention from recovery objectives and quota, and treat a documented staging restore as the acceptance test for the entire design.
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