The safest general-purpose Redis backup on Ubuntu is a completed RDB snapshot made with BGSAVE, copied only after the snapshot finishes. RDB gives you one compact, point-in-time file. AOF can preserve a finer-grained write history, but on Redis 7.0.0 and later it is a multipart set that must be copied consistently. In every case, verify the active configuration, stop Redis before replacing persistence files, and test the restored dataset rather than assuming that a copied file is usable.
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What you need to verify before making a backup
Ubuntu installations do not all use the same Redis package, service unit, data directory, authentication settings, or persistence defaults. Do not assume that a path such as /var/lib/redis applies to your server. First identify the running service and the configuration it actually uses.
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- Check the service. The unit is commonly
redis-server, but some installations useredis:sudo systemctl status redis-serverIf that unit does not exist, try the unit name supplied by your package or deployment.
- Check the Redis connection:
redis-cli pingA healthy, unauthenticated local connection returns
PONG. If your server requires authentication or TLS, use the connection options configured for that installation. - Inspect the active
redis.conf(or the service’s startup arguments) for the persistence mode,dir,dbfilename,appendonly, and, for multipart AOF,appenddirnamesettings. The conventional RDB filename isdump.rdb, but the configured value is authoritative. - Record the Redis version and the service account that owns the data files. Redis 7.0.0 and later use the multipart AOF layout; Redis Open Source 8.10.0 adds the sealed-backup workflow described below.
Keep backup storage independent from the live Redis volume. A second directory on the same disk does not protect you from disk failure, filesystem corruption, or an accidental deletion. Retain multiple dated generations so that a newly corrupted snapshot does not become your only copy.
RDB and AOF: which backup fits your recovery goal?
| Characteristic | RDB snapshots | AOF |
|---|---|---|
| What is stored | A compact, point-in-time representation of the dataset in one RDB file. | A write log that Redis replays to rebuild the dataset; Redis 7.0.0+ stores a base file, incremental files, and a manifest. |
| Recovery-point granularity | The moment of the completed snapshot. | Can represent more recent writes, depending on the AOF contents and rewrite state. |
| Backup size | Usually compact and straightforward to archive. | Depends on the base and incremental files and requires the complete multipart set on Redis 7.0.0+. |
| Restore behavior | Redis loads one selected RDB artifact at startup. | Redis replays the complete AOF set; a missing or mismatched member can make the backup unusable. |
| Operational complexity | Low: trigger, wait for completion, and copy the finished file. | Higher: an active rewrite must be controlled before copying a consistent filesystem image. |
| Best fit | Routine disaster-recovery copies, archival, and simple migrations. | Situations where retaining writes between snapshots is more important than the simplest archive. |
You can enable RDB, AOF, or both. The choice is a recovery design decision: RDB favors compact, simple artifacts, while AOF favors a more detailed write history at the cost of handling more files and rewrite states.
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Back up Redis with an online RDB snapshot
BGSAVE is the normal production command. Redis forks a child process to write the snapshot while the parent continues serving clients; the command normally returns immediately. By contrast, SAVE is synchronous and can block every other client while the file is written. Redis documentation warns that you “almost never want to call SAVE in production environments where it will block all the other clients.” Use it only when you deliberately accept that interruption, such as a controlled maintenance window.
1. Confirm the server is reachable
sudo systemctl status redis-server
redis-cli pingAdjust the systemd unit and redis-cli connection options to match your installation. Resolve a failed connection before starting a backup; a command sent to the wrong instance can produce a perfectly valid backup of the wrong dataset.
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2. Start the background snapshot
redis-cli BGSAVERedis starts the child writer and normally responds immediately. Client writes continue during the operation. Forking can temporarily increase memory pressure because of copy-on-write behavior, so watch the host’s available memory and Redis logs on a busy server.
3. Wait for completion before copying
Use the last-save time and persistence status to determine whether the requested snapshot has finished:
redis-cli LASTSAVE
redis-cli INFO persistenceCompare the reported save state with the time at which you issued BGSAVE. Do not copy the RDB path while a new snapshot is still being written. Redis writes a temporary file and atomically renames the completed result into place, which means a completed RDB file can be copied safely; copying an in-progress temporary or replacement file defeats that guarantee.
4. Locate and copy the completed file
Read dir and dbfilename from the active configuration. If those settings are the conventional values, the artifact is named dump.rdb in the configured data directory. Copy that completed file to independent storage and include a timestamp in the backup record. Preserve several generations rather than overwriting the previous copy immediately.
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Keep the file’s integrity and ownership metadata where your backup system supports it. The Redis service account must be able to read the file when you later restore it, but backup storage itself should not be made writable by every local user.
Back up AOF safely on Redis 7.0.0 and later
Redis 7.0.0 introduced the standard multipart AOF layout: one base file, one or more incremental files, and a manifest. The manifest identifies the files that make up the logical AOF. A backup that contains only the base file, only the newest incremental file, or the directory without its manifest is incomplete.
The difficult case is an AOF rewrite. During a rewrite, Redis is changing the set of files, so an ordinary directory copy can capture a mixture that does not describe one consistent state. For a consistent filesystem copy, temporarily prevent automatic rewrites, verify that no rewrite is active, copy the entire configured AOF directory, and then restore the previous rewrite setting.
1. Record and disable automatic rewrites
Record the current value of auto-aof-rewrite-percentage before changing it. Set it to zero for the copy window:
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2. Confirm no rewrite is in progress
redis-cli INFO persistenceInspect aof_rewrite_in_progress. Proceed only when its value is 0. If it is 1, wait for the rewrite to finish and check again. Starting the copy during that transition can leave an invalid multipart backup.
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3. Copy the complete AOF set
Read appenddirname from the active configuration and copy that entire directory to independent storage. Include the base AOF, every incremental AOF, and the manifest. Keep the directory structure and filenames unchanged unless your restore procedure explicitly maps them elsewhere.
4. Restore the rewrite policy
Set auto-aof-rewrite-percentage back to the value you recorded. Leaving it at zero disables automatic rewrites indefinitely, allowing incremental files to grow and changing the server’s normal maintenance behavior.
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Use Redis 8.10.0’s sealed-backup workflow when available
Redis Open Source 8.10.0 adds the BACKUP START and BACKUP SEAL command family. This workflow is designed to produce a sealed backup that can be preloaded explicitly at startup. Follow the command documentation for the exact invocation and artifact location for your build, then copy the sealed result rather than an AOF directory while a rewrite is changing it.
For restoration, Redis 8.10.0 and later support the startup-only preload-file option. A sealed multipart AOF manifest is specified with:
preload-file aof:/path/to/appendonly.aof.manifestFor a single RDB artifact, use:
preload-file rdb:/path/to/backup.rdbThe option tells Redis which persistence artifact to load at startup. It does not remove the need to stop the service before replacing files, preserve permissions, and validate the resulting dataset. Older Redis versions use the standard RDB or AOF startup procedures and do not have this preload workflow.
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Restore an RDB backup on Ubuntu
A restore replaces the live persistence state. Plan a maintenance window or otherwise prevent applications from writing while you perform it; otherwise new writes can be lost or can make your validation misleading.
- Record the backup generation you selected and preserve the current persistence files somewhere outside the active data directory. This gives you a rollback copy if the selected backup is wrong.
- Stop Redis before changing any persistence file:
sudo systemctl stop redis-serverUse the actual unit name if your installation uses
redisor another service name. - Read the active
diranddbfilenamesettings. Place the selected backup under that configured directory with the configured filename. If the server expectsdump.rdb, name the restored file accordingly rather than relying on a filename from another installation. - Ensure the Redis service account can read the file and traverse its parent directories. Paths, users, and permissions vary by Ubuntu release and installation method.
- Start Redis:
sudo systemctl start redis-serverRedis loads the RDB at startup.
- Check the service and connection:
sudo systemctl status redis-server redis-cli pingA successful connection should return
PONG. - Validate the restored data before reconnecting production traffic. Compare key counts with the pre-incident record and run application-level checks for representative keys, indexes, expirations, and critical configuration data.
If startup fails, stop the service, read the journal and Redis log, and verify the filename, path, permissions, Redis version, and file integrity. Do not delete the preserved pre-restore files until the recovery has been accepted.
Restore a multipart AOF backup
For a normal AOF restore, stop Redis and place the complete, internally consistent AOF set in the location specified by the active appenddirname configuration. That means the base file, every incremental file, and the manifest must be present together. Start Redis and allow it to replay the log; replay time depends on the amount of data and the server’s available resources.
With Redis 8.10.0 or later, a sealed backup can be selected explicitly at startup using the preload-file aof:/path/to/appendonly.aof.manifest form. The manifest path must refer to the sealed backup and its associated files must remain available as expected by that backup. Do not mix files from different backup generations.
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sudo systemctl stop redis-server. - Preserve the current AOF directory and any current RDB file outside the active data path.
- Copy the complete backup set into the configured location, or configure the Redis 8.10.0+ startup preload option for the sealed manifest.
- Confirm ownership and read permissions for the Redis service account.
- Start the service with
sudo systemctl start redis-serverand monitor startup logs until replay has completed. - Run
redis-cli ping, compare key counts, and perform application-level validation before reopening traffic.
How to back up without stopping writes
RDB is specifically designed for an online snapshot: BGSAVE forks a child, the parent continues serving clients, and the child writes the file. You can therefore keep normal traffic running while the snapshot is created, provided the host has enough memory for the fork and copy-on-write overhead.
AOF requires more discipline. Writes may continue while Redis is operating, but copying the multipart directory during an active rewrite can produce an invalid backup. Disable automatic rewrites for the copy window, verify aof_rewrite_in_progress is 0, copy the complete directory, and restore the rewrite percentage afterward. Redis 8.10.0’s sealed-backup commands provide a purpose-built alternative for supported versions.
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No online method eliminates the need for a restore test. A backup is useful only if its files can be loaded and the application can use the recovered data.
Common failure modes and fixes
The service unit is not found
The package may have installed a unit named redis instead of redis-server, or Redis may be running under a custom service definition. Find the unit used by your deployment and apply the same stop, start, and status commands to that unit.
BGSAVE returns an error or never produces the expected file
Check INFO persistence and the Redis logs. Confirm that the configured data directory exists, is writable by the Redis service account, and has sufficient free space and memory for the fork. Verify that you are checking the configured dir and dbfilename, not a conventional path copied from another server.
The copied RDB appears old
LASTSAVE reports the time of the most recent completed snapshot, not merely the time the command was submitted. Wait for the background save to finish, then copy the file. Copying before completion can capture the previous generation.
An AOF restore reports missing files or a malformed manifest
Recheck that the backup contains the manifest, the base file, and every incremental file from the same copy window. A directory copied during an active rewrite may contain a combination that never represented a valid AOF state. Re-create the backup with rewrites disabled and aof_rewrite_in_progress confirmed as 0.
Redis starts but the application sees missing data
Confirm that the application connected to the restored instance and database, not another Redis endpoint. Compare key counts and inspect representative keys. Check the selected backup’s timestamp and persistence mode; an RDB contains only the state at its completed snapshot, while an AOF restore depends on the full log set.
Redis refuses to read the restored files
Check the configured path, filename, ownership, and permissions. The service account must be able to read the persistence artifacts and traverse every parent directory. Also verify that the backup was produced for a compatible Redis version and layout.
A practical backup and restore checklist
- Record the Redis version, service unit, active configuration, persistence mode,
dir, and filenames. - Use
BGSAVE, not blockingSAVE, for routine online RDB backups. - Wait for a completed snapshot before copying and retain dated generations on independent storage.
- For Redis 7.0.0+ AOF, copy the base file, every incremental file, and the manifest as one consistent set.
- Before an AOF filesystem copy, set
auto-aof-rewrite-percentageto0, verifyaof_rewrite_in_progressis0, then restore the previous percentage. - On Redis 8.10.0+, consider sealed backups with
BACKUP START/BACKUP SEALand use the appropriatepreload-fileform during recovery. - Stop Redis before replacing persistence files and preserve the pre-restore state for rollback.
- After startup, check
PONG, key counts, representative keys, expirations, and application behavior. - Perform periodic test restores; an untested copy is not a proven recovery path.
RDB is the simplest default for most Ubuntu backup jobs: it is compact, point-in-time, and easy to archive. Choose AOF when its finer recovery point matters enough to justify multipart handling, and treat the manifest and rewrite state as part of the data rather than as incidental files.
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