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Scan for outdated or missing drivers - takes under a minuteDriver Scan →Clear out junk files and repair common Windows errorsFree Scan →Fix the driver behind crashes, sound loss and screen glitchesFind Drivers →To move Moodle to a new domain, place the current site in maintenance mode, back up its database, copy the Moodle code and moodledata, configure the destination server, set the new fixed URL in config.php, repair absolute links with Moodle’s replacement tool, test every integration, and only then change DNS. Changing $CFG->wwwroot alone does not update URLs already stored in course content or file references.
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The sequence below covers a hostname change such as moodle.old.example to https://learn.new.example, including an HTTP-to-HTTPS move. Adapt paths and database settings to your server layout and Moodle version.
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A Moodle domain move is more than a DNS edit. Four separate layers must agree on the new address:
| Layer | What you change | Why it matters |
|---|---|---|
| Public address | DNS records, firewall rules, load-balancer routing and any old-host redirects | Users must reach the tested destination rather than the old server. |
| Moodle configuration | The fixed $CFG->wwwroot value in the root config.php |
Moodle generates links, forms and callbacks from this canonical URL. |
| Application and data | Moodle code, database, moodledata, database connection details, dataroot path, ownership and permissions |
The destination must contain the same site state and be able to read and write it. |
| Stored content | Absolute links embedded in database content, including links to files and images | Those values are not rewritten automatically when wwwroot changes. |
Moodle’s configuration documentation says that wwwroot must be a fixed string constant pointing to the site; a dynamically detected URL is unsupported and can prevent command-line scripts from working. See the Moodle configuration-file documentation.
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If the scheme changes from HTTP to HTTPS, the certificate, public URL, web server or proxy and Moodle configuration must all describe HTTPS consistently. Moodle’s migration guidance is available in the Moodle migration documentation.
Prepare the move before touching DNS
Choose a maintenance window
Schedule a period when learners and teachers will not be editing courses, submitting assignments or sending messages. At the start of the window, enable Moodle maintenance mode from the administrator interface (the exact menu wording can vary by version). Keep the old site blocked from normal use throughout the copy and validation stages. This prevents new database rows or uploaded files from appearing on the old server after you have taken your backup.
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Record the old and new values
Write down the complete old base URL, including its scheme and any subdirectory, and the complete new URL. For example, http://moodle.old.example/moodle and https://learn.new.example/moodle are different values from hostnames without a path. You will need the exact old value for the database replacement step. Also record the destination database name, username, password, database host, database port if applicable, and the absolute path that will be used as $CFG->dataroot.
Inventory integrations
List every service that may contain the old hostname: identity-provider callbacks, webhooks, mail links, calendar feeds, mobile or API clients, reverse-proxy rules, load-balancer health checks and firewall allow-lists. These are not all changed inside Moodle. The list becomes your post-move test plan.
Back up before migration
Make a verified backup of the Moodle database while the site is in maintenance mode. Retain a copy of the Moodle code and the moodledata directory as well. A backup is your rollback point if the replacement operation, permissions, plugin loading or an integration test fails. Do not overwrite the only copy of the old site until the new site has passed validation.
Move the Moodle files and database
1. Put the source site into maintenance mode
Enable maintenance mode, confirm that a normal learner account can no longer make changes, and wait for any already-running administrative operation to finish. Keep a note of the exact time so you can correlate database and web-server logs if a problem appears.
2. Back up the database
Use the backup utility appropriate to your database engine and save the resulting file outside the web root. Verify that the backup can be read or restored in a test location before relying on it. The database contains users, courses, settings and content that cannot be reconstructed by copying PHP files.
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3. Copy Moodle code and moodledata
Copy the complete Moodle application code to the destination, including plugins that are part of the current installation. Copy the entire moodledata directory to the new server and preserve its intended directory structure. The current migration guidance notes that the cache, localcache, sessions, temp and trashdir directories do not need to be copied; Moodle can recreate those working directories on the destination. Do not confuse those subdirectories with the rest of moodledata, which contains user files and other persistent data.
4. Restore the database and configure the destination
Restore the database backup into the destination database service. Configure the destination web server and PHP environment for the Moodle version already in use, then set the database connection values and dataroot path in config.php. The web-server account must be able to read the Moodle code and read and write the required data directories. Keep moodledata outside the publicly served document root unless your existing architecture explicitly requires another safe arrangement.
Check ownership and permissions before opening the site. A page that loads but cannot create a session, write a cache or serve a private file usually indicates an ownership or path error rather than a domain error.
Set the authoritative URL in config.php
Use a literal, complete URL
Edit the config.php at the root of the Moodle code directory on the destination. Set $CFG->wwwroot to the exact public URL, including https:// and any Moodle subdirectory:
$CFG->wwwroot = 'https://new.example.edu/moodle';Do not derive this value from the incoming HTTP host, environment variables or a runtime request. Moodle’s documentation states: “This setting must be a fixed URL (a string constant) that points to your site.” A fixed value lets web requests and command-line maintenance scripts use the same canonical address. The configuration-file reference also states that when a site changes from HTTP to HTTPS, this setting must be updated.
Keep the path consistent
If Moodle is served from /moodle, retain that path in wwwroot. Omitting it causes links and form actions to point at the wrong location; adding a path that the web server does not serve produces 404 errors. Conversely, if the new deployment moves Moodle from a subdirectory to the domain root, change the value to the root URL and make the web-server document root match it.
Configure HTTPS and reverse-proxy deployments
Direct TLS at the web server
In a direct TLS design, the web server that serves Moodle presents a certificate for the new hostname and receives HTTPS requests itself. Set wwwroot to the HTTPS URL, install a certificate whose names cover that hostname, and ensure HTTP traffic is redirected only after the HTTPS site has been tested. The certificate, virtual host and Moodle URL must use the same hostname.
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TLS terminated by a reverse proxy
Some deployments terminate TLS at a load balancer or reverse proxy and forward the request to Moodle over an internal connection. Moodle’s maintained configuration template documents $CFG->reverseproxy = true for reverse-proxy deployments and $CFG->sslproxy = true when an external SSL appliance terminates HTTPS. Enable these settings only when the architecture actually uses the corresponding proxy or SSL termination. Setting them on a direct web-server installation can make Moodle interpret requests incorrectly; omitting them in a terminating-proxy design can cause wrong-scheme redirects or mixed-content symptoms.
The proxy must pass the original host and scheme information in the manner expected by your web-server and Moodle configuration. Test both a normal browser request and a command-line script after enabling proxy settings. The maintained template is available at Moodle’s config-dist.php.
| Decision | Direct web-server TLS | Reverse-proxy TLS termination |
|---|---|---|
| Administrative control | Certificate and HTTPS virtual host are managed on the Moodle web server. | Certificate, public listener and often redirects are managed at the proxy. |
| Proxy complexity | No proxy-specific Moodle flags are needed. | Forwarded host/scheme handling and the appropriate Moodle flags must match the architecture. |
| Failure to check | Certificate or virtual-host mismatch can prevent access. | Scheme or host mismatches can create redirect loops or insecure links. |
Rewrite old absolute links in Moodle content
Why changing wwwroot is not enough
Course pages, labels, forum posts and other database content can contain complete URLs beginning with the old domain. Moodle does not rewrite every stored value merely because wwwroot changed. That is why images may still request the old hostname even though the login page displays the new one.
Run the administrator replacement tool
After the destination loads with the new wwwroot, sign in as an administrator and open:
{wwwroot}/admin/tool/replace/index.phpEnter the old base URL exactly as it was stored and the new base URL exactly as it should appear. Review the values carefully before submitting. Run this operation only after taking the database backup described earlier. Do not use the replacement tool to change the wwwroot setting itself; that setting belongs in config.php. The replacement operation repairs absolute links in database content, including links to files and images.
Check for values outside Moodle’s database
The replacement tool cannot update a third-party identity provider, an external webhook endpoint, a proxy rule, a firewall allow-list or a hard-coded URL in a separate application. Use the integration inventory from your preparation step and change those systems independently.
Test before the DNS cutover
Use a temporary administrative mapping or an equivalent controlled test route so you can exercise the destination without sending all users there. Do not make the new hostname public until these checks pass:
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- Authentication: Sign in and sign out with an administrator and a normal learner account. Test the identity-provider callback if single sign-on is used.
- Presentation: Confirm that CSS and JavaScript load from the new hostname and that browser developer tools show no requests to the old host or unexpected HTTP resources on an HTTPS page.
- Navigation: Open the dashboard, a course, an activity, a forum and an administration page. Follow links that leave and return to Moodle.
- Files and images: Open embedded images, download a course file, upload a small test file and check a private file that requires authentication.
- Data writes: Submit a form, post a forum reply or make another safe test change, then verify it appears after a fresh login.
- Automation: Run or observe cron, scheduled tasks and email integrations. Check that generated links use the new scheme and hostname.
- Extensions: Exercise plugins, webhooks, API clients and identity-provider callbacks that were listed during preparation.
- Operations: Confirm that logs are written, the web process can access
moodledata, and the database connection remains stable.
If any test still references the old domain, locate whether the value comes from database content, a plugin setting, an external service or a cached browser response before proceeding.
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Change DNS and complete the cutover
Make DNS the final routing change
After application testing, point the new hostname at the destination and update any firewall, load-balancer or reverse-proxy rule that controls traffic. DNS is a cutover step, not the first configuration change: changing it before the destination is ready sends users to an untested installation.
Handle the old hostname deliberately
Where policy and authentication design allow it, keep the old hostname available long enough to issue redirects to the new canonical URL. A redirect cannot fix links embedded in a third-party system, so update those integrations as well. Do not redirect until the new certificate and proxy route work, and avoid leaving two independently writable Moodle instances online.
Take the new site out of maintenance mode
Once DNS resolution, login, content, integrations and background tasks have been verified through the public hostname, disable maintenance mode on the destination. Keep the old server and its backup available until you have observed the cutover and confirmed that no essential workflow is failing.
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Images or downloads still use the old domain
Check the exact old and new base URLs and run the administrator replacement tool. Changing wwwroot does not alter absolute links already stored in database content. If only one plugin or integration is affected, inspect that plugin’s own settings rather than repeatedly changing the global URL.
Redirect loops or links switch between HTTP and HTTPS
Confirm that wwwroot uses https://, that the certificate covers the requested hostname and that the proxy or web server is forwarding the original scheme correctly. In a terminating-proxy design, review whether $CFG->reverseproxy and $CFG->sslproxy reflect the actual architecture. Do not enable either flag simply to suppress a symptom on a direct HTTPS server.
Command-line scripts stop working
Inspect config.php for a dynamically generated wwwroot. Moodle requires a fixed URL string; command-line scripts do not have a browser request from which to infer a host. Replace the dynamic expression with the literal public URL.
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CSS or JavaScript returns 404 errors
Verify that the URL includes the correct subdirectory, that the destination web root points to the Moodle code directory, and that the copied code matches the database and plugin set. A missing path segment in wwwroot commonly produces links that look valid but point outside the virtual host.
Users cannot log in or sessions disappear
Check that the destination can write the required session and cache locations, that ownership matches the web process, and that the proxy presents a consistent host and scheme. If only the new hostname fails, inspect cookie scope and any identity-provider callback configured with the old hostname.
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Files are missing after the move
Confirm that the complete persistent portion of moodledata was copied and that $CFG->dataroot points to that exact absolute path. The cache, localcache, sessions, temp and trashdir directories may be recreated, but omitting user-file data is not a valid shortcut.
Choose an implementation approach
The same URL procedure applies whether you operate the infrastructure yourself or use a managed service, but responsibilities differ. Use this comparison when planning the move.
| Approach | Administrative control | Proxy complexity | Backup responsibility | Maintenance access | Version compatibility |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Self-managed VPS, direct web-server TLS | Highest control over web server, PHP, database and DNS. | Low if no reverse proxy is present. | You create, verify and retain database, code and moodledata backups. |
You can place the site in maintenance mode and edit config.php directly. |
You must match the destination environment to the Moodle version and installed plugins. |
| Self-managed VPS behind a reverse proxy | Control is split between the proxy and the Moodle server. | Higher; forwarded host and scheme handling must be correct. | You must back up both Moodle data and any proxy configuration needed for recovery. | Maintenance and troubleshooting involve two layers. | Proxy settings must remain compatible with the Moodle version in use. |
| Managed Moodle hosting | The provider may control web-server, database and DNS operations; the exact division is provider-specific. | Not stated; ask how TLS termination and forwarded headers are handled. | Confirm what the provider backs up and whether you can download an independent database copy. | Confirm that you can enable maintenance mode, obtain config.php changes and run the replacement tool. |
Verify support for your Moodle version, plugins and required integrations before scheduling the move. |
| Manual database replacement | Direct control over when the replacement is executed. | Independent of proxy design. | Requires a verified backup immediately before the change. | You must schedule maintenance and perform the administrator operation yourself. | Use Moodle’s replacement tool and follow the version-appropriate migration guidance. |
| Scripted, backed-up replacement process | Repeatable and auditable when carefully implemented. | Independent of proxy design. | Automation should stop unless a fresh backup succeeds and should preserve logs. | Requires a tested runbook and a safe rollback path. | Validate scripts against the Moodle version; never assume database internals are unchanged. |
Rollback and post-cutover care
If a critical test fails after DNS changes, place the new site back into maintenance mode, restore routing to the old site only if it was kept unchanged and writable state can be reconciled, and investigate from the preserved backup. Do not let users write to two divergent Moodle databases while deciding what to do. If the replacement operation itself caused the problem, restore the pre-replacement database backup on a controlled copy rather than attempting ad-hoc reverse substitutions.
After the move is stable, remove temporary test mappings, update documentation and run one more search for the old hostname in integration settings and operational configuration. Retain the migration backup according to your organization’s recovery policy, and keep the old server available until the agreed observation period has ended.
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