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The most reliable Coreflux deployment depends on how much control you need. Use Coreflux Hub when you want a native Linux service, the official Docker image for repeatable versioned deployments, or DigitalOcean’s 1-Click App when you want a preconfigured broker on a new Droplet. Whichever path you choose, restrict the required listener ports, replace the initial root/coreflux password, enable authentication and TLS, and verify the installation with a publish/subscribe test before connecting applications.
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Choose a deployment path before creating the VPS
Coreflux supports self-hosted installations on Linux, Docker, Raspberry Pi and cloud environments. On a Linux VPS, the practical choices are Coreflux Hub, the official Docker image, and DigitalOcean’s Coreflux 1-Click App. They run the same broker family but differ in who owns the operating-system setup, file layout, upgrades, firewall rules, certificates and backups.
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| Path | What you receive | Best fit | Responsibility you retain |
|---|---|---|---|
| Coreflux Hub | A Linux broker downloaded under /home/<Username>/.config/corefluxhub/<BrokerID>/CorefluxCentral, plus a service named CorefluxHub_<BrokerIdentification>.service. |
A native installation managed as a Linux service, with broker files visible on the host. | Operating-system hardening, listener firewalling, TLS files, persistence and backups. |
| Docker | The official coreflux/coreflux-mqtt-broker image. Docker Hub publishes latest, versioned tags such as 2.14.3, and distroless images for Linux architectures including amd64 and arm64. |
Repeatable deployments, controlled image versions and infrastructure managed as code. | Compose configuration, persistent storage, image updates, certificates and host firewall rules. |
| DigitalOcean 1-Click App | A Droplet template in which the broker is already running after creation, with documented endpoints, certificate locations, a systemd restart command and Mosquitto validation examples. | The shortest route to a working cloud VPS when you are comfortable with the template’s defaults. | Droplet access, firewall policy, credential changes, certificate renewal, backups and template-specific upgrades. |
Do not combine these approaches on one VPS unless you deliberately need separate brokers. Record the exact Hub broker ID, Docker image tag or 1-Click template before opening any public port; that record is essential when you later troubleshoot a port or certificate mismatch.
VPS prerequisites and decisions
Operating-system and access requirements
- A Linux VPS with administrative access for package installation, service management and firewall changes.
- An assigned public IP address or DNS name that clients can reach.
- A workstation, bastion host or the VPS itself with the Mosquitto command-line clients installed for validation.
- A plan for where broker data and TLS private keys will live, and how they will be backed up. The exact persistence and backup model is deployment-template dependent.
Choose listeners deliberately
The Docker quick-start and DigitalOcean examples expose MQTT on 1883, MQTT over TLS on 1884, WebSocket MQTT on 5000, and secure WebSocket MQTT on 443. Coreflux’s public broker page lists MQTT TLS on 8883 instead. Treat that difference as a template-specific setting, not as a typo you can safely ignore: inspect the listener configuration supplied by your chosen deployment and publish only the ports it actually binds.
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Plan credentials and certificates
Coreflux Hub documentation gives the initial username root and password coreflux. These are bootstrap credentials, not production credentials. Change the password immediately, create application-specific accounts where your selected version supports them, and avoid placing credentials in shell history or a public compose file.
TLS requires a certificate and private key that match the hostname clients use. DigitalOcean’s template documents /opt/coreflux/tls/server.crt and /opt/coreflux/tls/server.key. A different template can use another location or listener, so verify paths in that template before mounting or replacing files.
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Deploy with Coreflux Hub
Coreflux Hub is the native Linux route. It downloads the broker into the Hub configuration directory and creates a system service, keeping the installation visible in the user’s home directory rather than inside a container.
- Install or launch Coreflux Hub using the Linux procedure for your Coreflux account and VPS. During broker creation, record the generated broker ID and the broker identification string used in the service name.
- Confirm that the broker executable exists at
/home/<Username>/.config/corefluxhub/<BrokerID>/CorefluxCentral. Substitute the actual Linux account name and broker ID; do not move the executable until you understand how the Hub service references it. - Locate the generated service, named
CorefluxHub_<BrokerIdentification>.service, and check its status with the normal systemd tooling. A failed status should be investigated before exposing a public listener. - Sign in with the documented bootstrap account
root/coreflux, change that password, and configure authentication and TLS before allowing untrusted clients to connect. - Open only the listener ports required by your applications in both the VPS operating-system firewall and the cloud provider firewall. A port opened in only one layer will still be unreachable.
- Run a private publish/subscribe test from an administration workstation, then test the encrypted listener after its certificate is installed.
Hub gives you direct access to files and a service unit, but that also makes file ownership, service permissions, log retention and backups your responsibility. Keep the broker directory and the service configuration together in your change records so a rebuild does not depend on an undocumented manual step.
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Deploy the official Docker image
Select and pin an image tag
The official image is coreflux/coreflux-mqtt-broker. Docker Hub lists a moving latest tag, versioned tags such as 2.14.3, and distroless variants for Linux architectures including amd64 and arm64. For production, pin a tested version tag rather than silently receiving a different image on the next pull. Confirm that the tag matches the CPU architecture of the VPS.
Create a Compose deployment
The Coreflux Docker quick-start maps four listeners: 1883, 1884, 5000 and 443. A minimal Compose file should preserve those mappings only when your clients need all four. Replace the image tag with the version you have tested.
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image: coreflux/coreflux-mqtt-broker:2.14.3
ports:
- "1883:1883"
- "1884:1884"
- "5000:5000"
- "443:443"
restart: unless-stoppedThe published quick-start starts the stack with:
docker-compose up -dUse the Compose syntax supported by the Docker installation on your VPS. Before starting, add the persistence configuration required by your selected Coreflux version and deployment documentation. The sources do not define one universal data directory or backup procedure for every image tag, so do not assume that an unmounted container filesystem is a durable broker store. Verify where retained messages, subscriptions and configuration are written, then back up that location and the TLS material separately.
Apply the firewall and certificate policy outside the container
Publishing a container port does not replace the VPS or cloud firewall. Allow only the mapped ports that clients need. Mount certificates according to the image’s documented configuration, protect the private key from non-administrative users, and restart or recreate the container using the procedure for the pinned version after certificate changes.
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Upgrade without losing the rollback path
Save the Compose file, the exact image tag, configuration, certificate references and a known-good backup before pulling a new image. Test the new tag on a staging VPS or maintenance window, retain the previous image locally, and document how to restore the prior container and data. Coreflux’s general material does not specify one universal upgrade or rollback runbook, so the procedure must be confirmed for the version you deploy.
Deploy with DigitalOcean’s Coreflux 1-Click App
The 1-Click App is the quickest path when you are creating a new DigitalOcean Droplet. Its documentation says the broker is already running after the Droplet is created and provides SSH access, endpoint ports, TLS certificate locations, a systemd restart command and Mosquitto validation commands.
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- Connect over SSH using the access method configured during Droplet creation.
- Review the template’s documented endpoints and firewall rules. The examples use MQTT
1883, MQTT TLS1884, WebSocket5000and secure WebSocket443; verify these values on the actual image. - Replace the initial broker credentials before connecting applications.
- Install your certificate and key at the documented locations,
/opt/coreflux/tls/server.crtand/opt/coreflux/tls/server.key, when those are the paths used by your template. - Restart the broker with
sudo systemctl restart coreflux-brokerafter certificate installation or a configuration change. - Validate an unencrypted private topic first, then validate the TLS endpoint with certificate checking.
A 1-Click image reduces initial setup but increases the importance of reading its release notes and file layout. Treat the template as a specific, versioned product: its port numbers, service name, certificate paths and persistence behavior may not match a separately installed Hub broker or Docker image.
Configure firewall rules and MQTT security
Open only the listeners clients use
| Function | Port in the Docker/DigitalOcean examples | Important qualification |
|---|---|---|
| MQTT over plain TCP | 1883 |
Use only for traffic whose risk is acceptable on your private network; do not treat an open port as encrypted. |
| MQTT over TLS | 1884 |
The examples use this port, while Coreflux’s public broker page lists 8883. Verify the selected template before writing firewall rules or client settings. |
| MQTT over WebSocket | 5000 |
Open it only if browser or WebSocket clients require it. |
| MQTT over secure WebSocket | 443 |
Use the certificate and hostname expected by the deployment; this is not automatically enabled merely because TCP 443 is open. |
Apply the same allow-list at both layers: the VPS firewall and the cloud firewall or security-group equivalent. Restrict administrative SSH separately, ideally to known source addresses. Never expose a broker’s management interface or an unprotected test endpoint simply because an application cannot yet connect.
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Enable authentication and TLS
Coreflux Bridge configuration exposes username and password fields together with EnableTLS and EnableAuthentication controls. Enable both for production client connections, supply credentials through the client’s secret mechanism, and verify that the certificate hostname matches the address clients use. A TLS listener without authentication still permits any client trusted by the network and certificate policy to attempt a connection.
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Change root/coreflux at first access, before testing from an untrusted network. If you have already published the password in a command, compose file or support ticket, rotate it again and remove the exposed copy. Do not reuse the broker password for the VPS account or cloud dashboard.
Keep test data private
Coreflux warns that messages on its public test broker are visible to all connected clients. Use a private topic on your own VPS for validation and never send credentials, device secrets, personal data or production payloads through a public test broker.
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sudo apt install -y mosquitto-clientsTest plain MQTT on port 1883
The documented Coreflux validation pattern is:
mosquitto_pub -h YOUR_VPS_IP -p 1883 -t "coreflux/test" -m "Hello from Coreflux"
mosquitto_sub -h YOUR_VPS_IP -p 1883 -t "coreflux/test"For a non-retained message, start the subscriber before publishing so it is already listening. Use two terminals: run the mosquitto_sub command in one, then run mosquitto_pub in the other. Supply username and password options when authentication is enabled. Receiving Hello from Coreflux confirms basic TCP reachability, broker acceptance, topic routing and subscription delivery in one test.
Test TLS after certificates are installed
Repeat the same publish/subscribe test against the TLS listener selected by your deployment, commonly 1884 in the Docker and DigitalOcean examples or 8883 in Coreflux’s public broker listing. Use the certificate-validation options appropriate to your certificate authority and hostname; do not disable validation merely to make the connection succeed. A successful encrypted test should prove that the client reaches the intended TLS port, validates the server certificate, authenticates and receives the message.
Interpret common failures
- Connection refused: the process is not listening on that port, the listener is disabled, or the template uses a different port. Check the service or container status and the deployment’s endpoint list.
- Connection timed out: a VPS firewall, cloud firewall, routing rule or incorrect public IP is blocking the path. Check both firewall layers and confirm the address.
- Authentication failed: the client credentials do not match the broker, or authentication is enabled on one listener but not configured in the client. Rotate and re-enter credentials rather than falling back to the default account.
- TLS hostname or certificate error: the client is using an address not covered by the certificate, the certificate path is wrong, or the chain is incomplete. Correct the certificate and hostname; do not suppress verification.
- Publisher succeeds but subscriber sees nothing: the subscriber may have started after a non-retained message was sent, may be on a different listener, or may have subscribed to a different topic. Start the subscriber first and compare the host, port and exact topic string.
- WebSocket client fails while MQTT works: port
5000or443may not be enabled, the WebSocket listener may be disabled, or the client may be using the wrong path or TLS mode for that template.
Operate the broker after the first successful test
Document the installation
- Deployment method and exact Coreflux version, image tag or 1-Click image.
- Broker ID and service name for Hub, or Compose file and container name for Docker.
- Enabled listeners, public firewall rules and the client networks allowed to use them.
- Certificate source, expiry date, file paths and the documented restart procedure.
- Data directory, persistence settings, backup frequency and restore test results.
- Credential owner and the date the bootstrap password was replaced.
Back up and restore deliberately
The available Coreflux material does not define a universal persistence model, backup procedure or support policy for every Linux VPS installation. Confirm those details for the exact version and template. A backup is useful only if you know which broker data, configuration and certificates it contains and have tested restoring them on a clean VPS.
Assess capacity claims correctly
Coreflux’s current product page claims that a single broker can support more than 35,000 clients, process over 800,000 messages per second, and use as little as 256 MB of RAM while managing 2,500 connections. These are vendor claims; the cited material does not provide independent benchmark methodology, workload definitions or hardware details. Treat them as product-level guidance, not as a capacity guarantee for your VPS. Measure your own connection count, message rate, payload size, retained data and TLS overhead before sizing production infrastructure.
Production readiness checklist
- One deployment method is selected and its exact version is recorded.
- Only required MQTT, TLS, WebSocket or secure WebSocket ports are open at both firewall layers.
- The default
root/corefluxpassword has been replaced. - Authentication is enabled and application credentials are stored securely.
- TLS is enabled, certificates match the client hostname, and private keys are protected.
- A private publish/subscribe test succeeds on the intended listener.
- TLS validation succeeds without disabling certificate checks.
- Persistence, backup, restore, upgrade and rollback procedures are confirmed for the chosen version.
- Capacity assumptions are tested against your workload rather than copied from vendor headline figures.
Once these checks pass, point applications at the private or TLS listener that matches their protocol, credentials and certificate policy. Keep plain MQTT and public test endpoints closed unless a documented requirement justifies them.
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