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To send an FFmpeg stream to YouTube over RTMPS, copy the RTMPS server URL and stream key for that specific broadcast from YouTube Live Control Room, then use them as the destination of an FFmpeg FLV output. RTMPS is RTMP protected by SSL/TLS; YouTube recommends it for encrypted ingest. The command below is a starting point, not a one-size-fits-all bitrate preset.
1. Get the RTMPS URL and stream key from YouTube
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Open YouTube Studio and go to Create > Go live, then open or create the stream you plan to use.
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In Live Control Room, open the stream settings. In the Stream URL field, click the lock icon to reveal the RTMPS URL. Copy that URL and the stream key shown for the same stream. YouTube’s directions are at YouTube Help: Set up your encoder for live streaming.
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Keep the stream key private. Treat it like a password: do not include it in public screenshots, repositories, or shared logs. If it is compromised, an authorized channel owner or manager can reset it.
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Use the endpoint YouTube displays for this broadcast; do not copy an RTMPS URL from an unrelated example. In a GUI encoder, YouTube’s URL and key may go into separate fields. A direct FFmpeg command needs the exact URL/key format required by the endpoint shown in Live Control Room. Confirm that format against the stream details rather than guessing.
2. Send a file to YouTube with FFmpeg
For a file input, a basic real-time command looks like this:
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ffmpeg -re -i INPUT
-c:v libx264 -preset veryfast
-b:v 6000k -maxrate 6000k -bufsize 12000k -g 60
-c:a aac -b:a 128k
-f flv 'rtmps://YOUTUBE_URL_WITH_STREAM_KEY'INPUTis the path to your video or other supported input.-rereads a file at approximately its intended playback rate, rather than sending it as fast as possible. It is appropriate for a file being streamed in real time; it is not a universal option for every live input.-c:v libx264selects the H.264 encoder if it is available in your FFmpeg build. Check your installed build before relying on a particular encoder.-b:v,-maxrateand-bufsizeare illustrative rate-control values, not universal YouTube settings. Choose a sustainable video bitrate for your resolution, frame rate and codec.-g 60sets a GOP size of 60 frames. At 30 fps, that is two seconds; at another frame rate, it represents a different interval. Set the GOP to match YouTube’s recommended two-second keyframe interval.-c:a aac -b:a 128kselects AAC audio at 128 kbps, a suitable starting point for stereo. Ensure the input actually has the audio you expect.-f flvspecifies the FLV output format used by FFmpeg’s RTMP-family streaming pattern. The destination must be the RTMPS URL and key for your stream.
Replace both placeholders before running the command. Keep the key out of shell history or shared terminal captures where possible; it is embedded in the command’s destination and may appear in process or diagnostic output. FFmpeg documents its RTMP protocol variants and streaming pattern in the RTMP protocol documentation and FFmpeg manual.
3. Match the encoder settings to your stream
RTMPS protects the connection; it does not determine the video codec, bitrate or picture quality. YouTube’s current encoder guidance lists RTMP/RTMPS ingest, H.264, H.265/HEVC and AV1 video, frame rates up to 60 fps, CBR, and a two-second keyframe interval (no more than four seconds). Settings below are YouTube recommendations, not guarantees of quality. See the YouTube encoder settings page for the full guidance.
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Choose a codec and bitrate
| Output target | H.264 recommended video bitrate | H.265/HEVC or AV1 recommended video bitrate |
|---|---|---|
| 1080p at 30 fps | 14 Mbps | 10 Mbps |
| 720p at 30 fps | 8 Mbps | 6 Mbps |
These figures are YouTube’s recommendations, checked against its current guidance in 2026. They are not required minimums. Use a lower rate if your sustained upload capacity or encoding hardware cannot reliably support the recommendation. Confirm that your FFmpeg build has the encoder you select; encoder availability varies by build.
Set keyframes and rate control
- Keyframes: target one every two seconds. With a 30 fps output, this usually means 60 frames; at 60 fps, 120 frames. A fixed frame-count GOP assumes a stable output frame rate.
- Rate control: use constant bitrate (CBR) as YouTube recommends for encoder ingest. The example’s matching
-b:vand-maxratevalues are only a starting pattern; select values appropriate to the target and network. - SDR color: YouTube recommends Rec. 709 for SDR. Make sure the source and output color handling are consistent.
Choose audio settings
- For stereo, YouTube recommends AAC or MP3, with 44.1 kHz and 128 kbps as recommended settings.
- For 5.1 audio over RTMP/RTMPS, YouTube supports AAC only; its guidance lists 48 kHz and 384 kbps.
Audio settings are separate from RTMPS itself. Use a codec and channel layout that match the source and the intended broadcast.
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4. Test the connection and validate the incoming stream
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Run FFmpeg before the event with representative motion and audio. Watch its output for connection errors and encoding warnings.
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In Live Control Room, check the preview and stream health before starting the public broadcast. Confirm that video, audio, frame rate and picture quality are as expected.
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Leave upload headroom. YouTube’s current streaming tips recommend 20% headroom; count the stream bitrate and any backup feed against available upload capacity. This is YouTube guidance checked in 2026, not a guarantee that a connection with that margin will be stable.
5. Troubleshoot common RTMPS failures
| Symptom | Likely check | What to do |
|---|---|---|
| Connection fails immediately | Wrong URL, server, or key; URL copied from a different stream | Copy the RTMPS URL and key again from the same stream in Live Control Room and verify the destination formatting. |
| FFmpeg reports an SSL/TLS error | Incorrect RTMPS endpoint, blocked network path, or certificate trust configuration | Verify the endpoint first. YouTube’s troubleshooting guidance suggests explicitly setting port 443 if an SSL error persists. Check the network path and trusted CA configuration as well. |
| Connection times out | Incorrect endpoint or an FFmpeg build without RTMPS support | Confirm the URL shown by YouTube and verify that the installed FFmpeg build supports the required protocol. |
| FFmpeg connects but YouTube shows no usable preview | Incompatible encoder settings, unsupported output, or input without expected audio/video | Check FFmpeg’s output, confirm FLV output and a supported codec, then inspect the preview and stream health in Live Control Room. |
| Stream starts but drops or becomes unstable | Insufficient sustained upload capacity, overloaded encoder, or bitrate too high for the connection | Test the same source and settings in advance, lower the bitrate if needed, and preserve upload headroom for the stream and any backup feed. |
FFmpeg documents TLS peer verification and certificate authority options in its TLS protocol documentation. Do not disable certificate verification as a routine fix; first verify the endpoint, network path and available trusted CA configuration.
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