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A WordPress redirect loop after migration is usually caused by two systems disagreeing about the site’s one canonical URL. Set one exact combination of scheme, host, path, and trailing-slash policy; make the database and any WP_HOME/WP_SITEURL constants match it; then make your CDN or reverse proxy pass the original host and protocol to WordPress. Finally, leave only one layer responsible for each redirect. The procedure below isolates the layer generating every hop so you can fix the loop without creating a second one.
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What a redirect loop looks like
Browsers report a loop as ERR_TOO_MANY_REDIRECTS, too many redirects, or a page that keeps refreshing. The browser has received a chain of HTTP 301, 302, 307, or 308 responses without reaching a final page. A migration commonly creates a two-step cycle such as http://example.com to https://example.com and back again, or www.example.com to example.com and back. An origin server may also redirect to a public hostname while the CDN redirects the same request to the origin hostname.
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Why migration triggers it
- The old domain or scheme remains in the
homeorsiteurlrow inwp_options. WP_HOMEorWP_SITEURLinwp-config.phpoverrides corrected database values.- TLS ends at a CDN or reverse proxy, but WordPress sees an ordinary HTTP connection and continually requests HTTPS.
- The proxy replaces the public
Hostheader with an internal origin name. - Apache, Nginx, a CDN rule, a host-level HTTPS switch, and a redirect plugin each attempt their own canonicalization.
- An old rewrite file or plugin still contains the pre-migration domain.
Record the exact loop before changing anything
Do not edit the database, web server, CDN, and plugins at the same time. First identify every hop and the component that issued it.
- Open browser developer tools, select the Network panel, enable preservation of the log, load the failing URL, and inspect each response’s
Locationheader. Note whether the host, scheme, path, or slash convention changes. - From a terminal, run
curl -I -L --max-redirs 12 -w 'nFinal: %{url_effective}n' https://example.com/Replace the example with the public URL. The response headers and repeated locations show whether the chain alternates HTTP/HTTPS, www/non-www, or another pair.
- Repeat against the homepage,
/wp-admin/, and one representative old URL. A loop on only one path often belongs to a plugin or rewrite rule rather than the global URL setting. - Classify each response as generated by WordPress (often a WordPress-style redirect or login response), the web server, or the CDN/proxy. Server headers, response wording, and the order of the hops provide clues, but verify with logs when available.
- Save the output so you can compare it after each single-layer change.
Back up the site before recovery work
Create a restorable copy of the WordPress directory, uploaded files, and database before changing URLs or rewrite rules. A database export alone does not restore themes, plugins, or media; a file copy alone does not restore URL options and content. Store the backup outside the web root and confirm that the database dump can be opened. If the site is already unavailable, take the backup from the hosting control panel, SSH, or a staging copy before making edits.
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Choose one canonical public URL
Write the destination URL down before touching configuration. It must specify all of these dimensions:
| Dimension | Decision | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Scheme | HTTP or HTTPS; use HTTPS when TLS is the public standard | https:// |
| Host | The one public hostname, with or without www |
www.example.com or example.com |
| Path | Any subdirectory where WordPress is installed | /blog or the site root |
| Trailing slash | Use one policy for directory-like URLs; WordPress URL options themselves have no ending slash | https://example.com/blog |
WordPress distinguishes the WordPress Address (URL), where core files live, from the Site Address (URL), what visitors enter. They may differ when WordPress is installed in a subdirectory, but they must not accidentally contain the old domain or scheme. Both values should include https:// when HTTPS is canonical and should not end with a slash.
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Using the WordPress dashboard
If you can reach the dashboard, go to Settings → General. Set WordPress Address (URL) and Site Address (URL) to the intended values, save once, and test a private browser window. Do not add a trailing slash. If saving logs you out, that is expected when the host or scheme changes; sign in again at the new canonical address.
Using WP-CLI
From the directory containing wp-config.php, inspect the current values:
wp option get siteurl
wp option get homeSet both to the exact canonical URLs:
wp option update siteurl 'https://example.com'
wp option update home 'https://example.com'For a subdirectory installation, include the path in both values where appropriate, for example https://example.com/blog. Run the commands against the correct database and WordPress installation; a frequent migration mistake is editing a staging database while production still serves the old values.
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Using phpMyAdmin or SQL
In the table whose prefix is defined by $table_prefix (often wp_options), locate rows named siteurl and home. Edit only their option_value values:
UPDATE wp_options
SET option_value = 'https://example.com'
WHERE option_name IN ('siteurl', 'home');Replace wp_options with your actual table name and execute the update only after verifying the selected database. This fixes the two canonical settings; it does not rewrite old links embedded in post content, widgets, or serialized plugin data. Use a migration-aware search-and-replace tool for those separate tasks and keep a backup before running it.
Check and remove stale URL constants
WP_HOME and WP_SITEURL in wp-config.php override the database rows. A constant left over from a temporary migration can therefore make a corrected database appear ineffective.
- Open
wp-config.phpoutside the public web root when possible and search forWP_HOMEandWP_SITEURL. - Remove obsolete definitions and let WordPress use the database values, or set both constants to the same canonical URL while recovering access:
define('WP_HOME', 'https://example.com');
define('WP_SITEURL', 'https://example.com');- Save the file, test the homepage and login, and then decide whether the constants are needed permanently. Leaving them in place can hide stale database values and complicate the next domain change.
Fix HTTPS detection behind a CDN or reverse proxy
When TLS terminates at a CDN or load balancer, the browser uses HTTPS but the connection from that proxy to WordPress may be HTTP. WordPress can then believe the request is insecure and redirect to HTTPS forever. The proxy must pass the original protocol and host, and WordPress must trust those headers only from a proxy you control.
Pass the original host and protocol
Configure the proxy or load balancer to forward the public host and protocol. In an Nginx proxy configuration, the relevant directives commonly look like:
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proxy_set_header Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Host $host;
proxy_set_header X-Forwarded-Proto $scheme;Use the equivalent settings in your platform’s interface if it does not expose Nginx syntax. The important result is that the origin receives the visitor’s real host and a value such as https for X-Forwarded-Proto on an HTTPS request. Do not blindly accept client-supplied forwarding headers when the origin is reachable directly; restrict trust to requests arriving from your proxy network.
Tell WordPress that the forwarded request is HTTPS
If your deployment does not already handle this, place a proxy-aware condition before WordPress loads (normally in wp-config.php):
if (isset($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PROTO']) && strpos($_SERVER['HTTP_X_FORWARDED_PROTO'], 'https') !== false) {
$_SERVER['HTTPS'] = 'on';
}Adapt the condition to your provider’s documented header and ensure the origin cannot be reached by untrusted clients that could forge it. A comma-separated forwarded value may contain several proxies; check the value your infrastructure actually sends rather than copying a snippet blindly.
Correct host forwarding when the origin sees the wrong domain
A reverse proxy can overwrite HTTP_HOST with an internal server name. WordPress then builds redirects to that internal name or compares it with the public URL and redirects repeatedly. Preserve the public host in the proxy’s Host and X-Forwarded-Host headers. If your stack requires an application-side correction, derive the host from the trusted HTTP_X_FORWARDED_HOST or the configured SERVER_NAME, not from arbitrary user input. Confirm the result in a temporary diagnostic log, then remove diagnostic output so host information is not exposed.
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Once URL settings and proxy detection agree, inspect the layers that can still emit redirects. Keep one rule for each canonicalization decision.
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| Layer | What to inspect | Typical change | Access required |
|---|---|---|---|
| WordPress constants/database | home, siteurl, WP_HOME, WP_SITEURL |
Set the same canonical URL; remove temporary overrides | Dashboard, WP-CLI, database, or file access |
| Web server | Apache .htaccess, Nginx server blocks, host-level HTTPS rules |
Delete stale domain rules and keep one HTTP-to-HTTPS or host redirect | Server or hosting-panel access |
| CDN/proxy | Edge redirect rules, origin hostname, SSL mode, forwarded headers | Forward the public host/protocol and remove duplicate edge redirects | CDN or load-balancer access |
| Plugin/theme/application | Redirect plugins, security plugins, theme code, wp_redirect() calls |
Disable the conflicting rule or update its configured domain | WordPress or file access |
Apache and Nginx files
Inspect .htaccess in the WordPress directory and every active Nginx server block. Look for rules that force the old domain, reverse the chosen www policy, or assume that the origin itself terminates TLS. WordPress notes that rewrite and redirect files may need updating after a site URL change. Compare the rule’s condition with the headers your proxy actually sends. A rule that redirects whenever HTTPS is absent will loop if the proxy never communicates the original protocol.
CDN and host-level rules
Check edge rules for both the old and new hostnames, HTTPS-enforcement switches, origin redirects, and cached 301 responses. Temporarily disable a suspect rule, purge the affected redirect cache if your provider caches redirects, and retest with curl. Do not make the CDN redirect to an origin-only hostname; the origin should serve the canonical public URL while remaining inaccessible to normal visitors when possible.
Application redirects
The WordPress wp_redirect() API can generate a hop even when the server configuration is correct. Search custom code and plugins for redirects that reference the old domain, an HTTP URL, or a login path. Check redirect-manager logs, security-plugin settings, and theme functions before changing core files. Disable one suspect component at a time so the offending rule is identifiable.
Resolve loops that affect only wp-admin or login
- Clear cookies for both the old and new domains, or use a private window. A cookie scoped to the old host can make a corrected site appear broken.
- Verify
home,siteurl, and constants again. Login cookies are issued for the configured site URL, so a mismatch commonly produces a login bounce. - Temporarily rename
wp-content/pluginsto a name such asplugins.disabledusing SFTP or SSH. This disables plugins without requiring dashboard access. - Test
/wp-login.phpand/wp-admin/. If the loop stops, restore the directory name and reactivate plugins individually until the conflicting plugin is found. - Check any must-use plugins in
wp-content/mu-plugins; renaming the normal plugins directory does not disable those.
Do not leave plugins disabled after testing. Update or reconfigure the one that owns the redirect, and document its canonical host and HTTPS settings.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Separate redirects from mixed-content and cache symptoms
Mixed-content warnings occur when an HTTPS page requests HTTP images, scripts, or stylesheets; they do not by themselves create an HTTP/HTTPS redirect loop. Use the browser’s Network panel to distinguish blocked assets from repeated document requests. A cached 301 can also outlive a corrected rule. Test with a different browser or curl, purge only the relevant cache, and avoid repeatedly changing URL settings to work around a client-side cache.
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Retest in a controlled order
After each change, run the same checks and record the result:
- Request the canonical homepage with
curl -I. There should be either a direct200response or one intentional redirect from a known non-canonical URL. - Request the HTTP and alternate-host versions. Each should make at most one hop to the chosen canonical URL, never alternate between two destinations.
- Follow the chain with
curl -I -L --max-redirs 12 https://example.com/and confirm the final URL and status. - Sign in, open
/wp-admin/, and confirm that the login cookie persists after navigation. - Open a page containing images, scripts, and styles. Verify that their URLs use the intended scheme and host.
- Test several representative old URLs. They should resolve to the correct new location, return a deliberate 404 when removed, or load normally; none should enter a cycle.
- Review web-server, proxy, and WordPress logs for repeated requests or redirects generated after the fix.
Common failure branches
The database was changed but the loop remains
Check for WP_HOME and WP_SITEURL constants first. If they are absent, inspect the proxy’s forwarded protocol and host, then server and CDN rules. A stale constant or proxy header can override an otherwise correct database.
The homepage works but media or old links redirect
Inspect content URLs, upload settings, attachment redirects, and rewrite rules for the old domain or HTTP scheme. Update embedded URLs with a serialization-aware tool and test one content type at a time; do not run a raw SQL replacement across serialized data.
Only the CDN URL loops
Compare a request through the CDN with a request sent directly to the origin from an approved network. If the origin works, correct the CDN’s SSL mode, host forwarding, or edge redirect. If both loop, return to the WordPress URL values and server rules.
The loop started after enabling HTTPS
Confirm that the public certificate and CDN mode are correct, that the proxy sends X-Forwarded-Proto: https, and that WordPress recognizes it. WordPress’s HTTPS migration behavior can update home and siteurl to HTTPS, but it cannot repair a proxy that makes every secure request look HTTP to the origin.
Prevent the next migration loop
- Choose the final scheme and hostname before copying the database.
- Lower DNS time-to-live in advance, but keep the old site available until the new URL responds correctly.
- Record the old and new values of
home,siteurl, and any URL constants. - Test the migration on staging with the same CDN, TLS termination, and proxy headers used in production.
- Keep a single documented owner for HTTP-to-HTTPS and www/non-www redirects.
- Back up files and the database before URL replacement, plugin changes, or rewrite edits.
- After cutover, test the homepage, login, media, representative old URLs, and both alternate host/scheme variants.
The durable fix is alignment: one public URL, matching WordPress settings, trustworthy proxy headers, and no competing redirect rules. Temporary constants, disabled plugins, and diagnostic edits should be removed once the database, server, and proxy configuration has been verified.
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