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If a WordPress URL change causes redirects, a lost login, greyed-out fields, or old image and stylesheet links, fix the setting that controls the failure rather than repeatedly changing the address. WordPress Address (URL) points to the directory containing WordPress core files; Site Address (URL) is the public address visitors enter. They are normally identical, but a subdirectory installation can use different values.
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Use a complete URL such as https://example.com, with the correct scheme and path and no trailing slash. Back up the database and files before editing either wp-config.php or the database.
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WordPress documents the distinction this way: “The ‘WordPress Address (URL)’ setting is the address where your WordPress core files reside.” The “Site Address (URL)” is “the address you want people to type in their browser to reach your WordPress blog.”
| Setting | What it means | Typical value | When it differs |
|---|---|---|---|
| WordPress Address (URL) | The URL of the directory containing wp-admin, wp-includes, and the core files. |
https://example.com |
When WordPress core is installed in a subdirectory such as /wordpress. |
| Site Address (URL) | The public URL visitors use to reach the site. | https://example.com |
When the public site is at the domain root while core files remain in a subdirectory. |
For a normal root installation, both values should match exactly. A difference in scheme (http versus https), hostname, port, or path can produce redirect loops, missing assets, login failures, and incorrect canonical URLs.
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Before changing anything: make a recovery plan
A URL correction can lock you out of the dashboard or make links appear broken. Do these checks first:
- Make an off-site copy of the database and the WordPress files. Keep the backup separate from the server you are editing.
- Write down the current URL and the intended URL, including scheme, hostname, port, and path.
- Confirm whether the site should use
http://orhttps://. Do not mix them. - Check whether WordPress is installed at the domain root or in a directory such as
/wordpress. - Note the database table prefix from
wp-config.php; it may not bewp_.
Do not use a trailing slash in either General Settings value. For example, use https://example.com/blog, not https://example.com/blog/.
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If you can sign in and the two fields are active, the safest fix is the built-in settings screen.
- Open Settings → General.
- In WordPress Address (URL), enter the URL of the directory that actually contains the WordPress core files.
- In Site Address (URL), enter the public address visitors should use.
- Include the scheme, normally
https://; use the exact host and path; remove a final slash. - Click Save Changes. WordPress may sign you out because the login URL has changed.
- Open the homepage, an internal permalink, an image or stylesheet, and
/wp-adminin a new session. Check that each uses the intended host and scheme.
If the site is a standard root installation, enter the same value in both fields. If core files are in /wordpress but the public site must remain at the root, keep the WordPress Address at https://example.com/wordpress and set Site Address to https://example.com; the root-installation procedure below is also required.
Why the URL fields are greyed out
Uneditable fields usually mean that wp-config.php defines one or both URL constants:
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define( 'WP_HOME', 'https://example.com' );
define( 'WP_SITEURL', 'https://example.com' );WP_HOME supplies the public Site Address value, while WP_SITEURL supplies the WordPress Address value. These constants are authoritative at runtime. They override the values stored in the database, but they do not update those stored rows. That is why changing the database alone may appear to have no effect while the constants remain in place.
Choose whether the override is intentional
- Keep the constants if the URLs are deliberately hard-coded for deployment, staging, or another controlled configuration. Correct the values in the file and treat it as the source of truth.
- Remove the constants if the database should control the settings. First repair the database values, then remove or comment out the matching definitions and retest.
Edit the file with a hosting file manager, SFTP, or another administrator-controlled file editor. Preserve the quotes, semicolons, and spelling. Do not add a trailing slash. If you add temporary definitions to regain access, remove them only after the database and content references are correct.
If the site redirects to the wrong domain or login fails
A wrong redirect commonly means the runtime URL and the database URL disagree. A temporary override can get the site responding while you repair the stored values.
- Back up the files and database.
- Open
wp-config.phpand add correct temporary definitions before the line that says WordPress stops editing, usually the comment beginning/* That's all, stop editing! */:
define( 'WP_HOME', 'https://new-example.com' );
define( 'WP_SITEURL', 'https://new-example.com' );- Save the file and test the homepage and
/wp-admin. Use a private browser window to avoid an old redirect or cookie. - Repair the database values using phpMyAdmin or WP-CLI as described below.
- Retest without relying on the override, then remove the temporary constants if the database is now correct.
If the browser keeps redirecting, clear site cookies and test with a fresh browser session. Also check server-level redirects and HTTPS rules; WordPress settings cannot correct a redirect imposed before PHP runs.
Repairing siteurl and home in phpMyAdmin
Use this route when the dashboard is unavailable and no permanent file override should control the site. The exact table name depends on the prefix in wp-config.php. If the prefix is abc_, the options table is abc_options, not wp_options.
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- Export the database and verify that the backup can be downloaded before editing.
- Open phpMyAdmin (or an equivalent database administrator) and select the database named in
wp-config.php. - Open the options table matching the configured prefix.
- Find the row whose
option_nameissiteurl. Editoption_valueto the WordPress core URL, such ashttps://example.com/wordpresswhen core is in that directory. - Find the row whose
option_nameishome. Editoption_valueto the public visitor URL, such ashttps://example.com. - Save each row. Do not add a trailing slash.
- Clear any temporary
WP_HOMEorWP_SITEURLdefinitions after confirming that the stored values are correct, unless you intentionally want the file to remain authoritative.
Do not change unrelated options, serialized values, or the table prefix. A typo in the prefix can make you edit the wrong table and leave the active site unchanged.
Using WP-CLI when you have server access
WP-CLI is useful for repeatable repairs and migrations. Run commands from the WordPress installation directory as the account that owns the site, and export the database first.
wp db export before-url-change.sql
wp option get siteurl
wp option get home
wp option update siteurl 'https://example.com'
wp option update home 'https://example.com'For a subdirectory installation, substitute the core path for siteurl and the public path for home. If constants in wp-config.php override these options, the commands still change the database but the running site continues to use the constants until you remove or change them.
Why old links, images, and CSS remain after a domain change
Changing home and siteurl changes WordPress’s primary addresses; it does not rewrite every old URL saved in posts, widgets, theme settings, menus, custom fields, or plugin data. A migration therefore needs a serialization-aware search-and-replace.
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wp search-replace 'https://old-example.com' 'https://new-example.com' --all-tables-with-prefix --dry-runThe dry run reports the rows and fields that would change without writing them. Review the scope, check that the old scheme and hostname are exactly what you intend to replace, and make sure the backup is available.
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Run the replacement safely
wp search-replace 'https://old-example.com' 'https://new-example.com' --all-tables-with-prefixUse a tool that understands PHP serialization. A plain text SQL replacement can corrupt serialized arrays when string lengths change, breaking widgets, plugin settings, or theme options. Include alternate old forms only when they genuinely exist, such as an old HTTP scheme or a subdirectory path, and preview each replacement before writing.
After the replacement, clear page, object, and CDN caches if those systems are present. Check source URLs for images and stylesheets, internal links, menus, feeds, XML sitemaps, and canonical tags.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.Moving WordPress from /wordpress to the domain root
A common layout keeps core files in /wordpress while visitors use https://example.com. In that arrangement:
siteurland WordPress Address remainhttps://example.com/wordpress.homeand Site Address becomehttps://example.com.
The root directory also needs the front controller and rewrite configuration documented for a subdirectory installation. Typically, a copy of the root index.php is edited so it loads the WordPress bootstrap from /wordpress/wp-blog-header.php, while the original core files remain in the subdirectory. Follow the procedure appropriate to your WordPress version and web server rather than moving core files casually.
Do not set WordPress Address to the root merely because the public site is at the root. That disconnects WordPress from its actual core directory and can produce missing administration and asset paths.
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Recovery Mode and the insecure RELOCATE constant
Recovery Mode is a built-in WordPress feature introduced in version 5.2. When a fatal PHP error prevents normal loading, WordPress can send an administrator a recovery link that pauses the failing plugin or theme for that session. It does not repair incorrect URL values, so correct the address configuration separately.
Some old troubleshooting advice suggests adding define( 'RELOCATE', true ); to wp-config.php. WordPress documentation explicitly warns: “Leaving the RELOCATE constant in your wp-config.php file is insecure.” If it is used temporarily during an emergency, remove it immediately after the address is repaired. Never leave it enabled as a permanent fix.
Verification after the change
Test from a private browser session and, where possible, from a second device. Check each item rather than assuming a successful homepage load proves the migration is complete.
- The homepage loads at the intended scheme, hostname, and path.
- An internal permalink opens without redirecting to the old address.
- WordPress login, logout, password reset, and
/wp-adminwork. - An image loads from the new address.
- A stylesheet and a JavaScript file load without mixed-content or 404 errors.
- HTTP redirects to HTTPS only when that is the intended policy, and no redirect loop occurs.
- Canonical tags, feeds, sitemaps, and pagination use the new public URL.
- Search, menus, widgets, forms, and embeds no longer contain the old host.
- Temporary constants, recovery settings, and emergency edits have been removed or documented.
Common symptoms and the appropriate fix
| Symptom | Likely cause | First action |
|---|---|---|
| URL fields are greyed out | WP_HOME or WP_SITEURL is defined in wp-config.php. |
Inspect the file; decide whether to correct or remove the intentional override. |
| Dashboard redirects to an old domain | Runtime constants, database values, or server redirects still contain the old URL. | Use temporary correct constants, repair the database, then inspect server redirect rules. |
| Homepage works but images and CSS fail | Content and asset references still use the old host, scheme, or path. | Run a serialization-safe search-replace after a backup; inspect browser network errors. |
| Login loops after saving | Scheme/host mismatch, stale cookies, or conflicting URL sources. | Test privately, verify both options and constants, and remove the conflict. |
| Database edit appears ineffective | The wrong table prefix was used or constants still override the rows. | Read the active prefix from wp-config.php and check for both constants. |
| Root site breaks after moving from a subdirectory | WordPress Address was incorrectly changed to the root or root bootstrap/rewrite files are missing. | Restore the core-directory URL and configure the root entry point correctly. |
When to restore instead of continuing to edit
Stop and restore the backup if an edit causes database errors, widespread serialized-setting failures, or an administration screen that cannot be reached through either the database or a temporary file override. Record which values were changed, restore the known-good files and database, and repeat the migration with a dry run and a narrower replacement scope.
The Bottom Line
Fix the URL source that is actually authoritative: General Settings when the fields are editable, wp-config.php when constants override them, or the correctly prefixed options table when the dashboard is inaccessible. Then perform a serialization-safe content replacement for a domain migration and verify login, assets, redirects, and canonical URLs before removing temporary overrides.
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