Install SilverStripe on a VPS by creating a Composer project, pointing the web server at its public/ directory, supplying database credentials in a project-root .env file, and running vendor/bin/sake dev/build. The current Silverstripe CMS 5.2+ requirements call for PHP 8.1–8.3, at least 48M of PHP memory, the required extensions, Composer 2, and a supported database connector. The most common failed installations expose the project root instead of public/, omit URL rewriting, or give the web-server user insufficient access to assets.
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What you need before creating the site
A VPS is only the operating system and network environment. SilverStripe (now commonly styled Silverstripe CMS) still needs a correctly matched PHP runtime, extensions, Composer, a database, and a web server. Choose the VPS size from your expected traffic, uploaded-asset volume, scheduled jobs, and database workload; the documented requirements do not publish a universal CPU, RAM, storage, or traffic recommendation.
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Runtime and package requirements
- PHP: Silverstripe CMS 5.2 and later currently support PHP 8.1 through 8.3. Keep the command-line PHP used by Composer and
sakeon the same supported version as PHP-FPM or the Apache PHP module serving requests. - PHP memory: Set
memory_limitto at least48M. A larger limit may be appropriate for image processing, imports, or sizeable builds, but the documented minimum is 48M. - Extensions: install
ctype,dom,fileinfo,hash,intl,mbstring,session,simplexml,tokenizer, andxml. - Image processing: provide either
gdorimagick. - Database connectivity: install the PHP connector matching your selected database.
- Composer: use Composer 2, which SilverStripe uses to install and update the framework and modules.
- Web server: Apache or Nginx can serve the site. Apache can use SilverStripe’s supplied rewrite files; Nginx needs equivalent rules written in its server configuration.
Choosing a database
MySQL and MariaDB are Silverstripe’s built-in commercially supported database options. PostgreSQL, SQL Server, and SQLite are third-party or community-supported choices, so confirm module compatibility and support expectations before selecting one for a production site. Create an empty database and a dedicated user before the web installer/build step, and record the host, database name, username, and password for the .env file.
Plan the directory layout
Keep the application in a deployment directory such as /var/www/my-project. The project root contains application code, Composer’s vendor/ directory, and environment configuration. Only /var/www/my-project/public should be reachable as the web root. This boundary is a security requirement, not merely a preferred layout: it keeps app/, configuration, dependencies, and secrets out of direct URL routing.
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Create the SilverStripe project with Composer
- Log in to the VPS with an account that can create the deployment directory and install packages. Complete operating-system updates, PHP, the required extensions, your database server or remote database access, and Composer 2 using your distribution’s supported package method.
- Move into the parent directory in which the application should live. For example, use
cd /var/www, then create or select a deployment directory owned by your deployment account. - Run the official project-creation command from that deployment location:
composer create-project silverstripe/installer my-projectThe command creates
my-projectand installs its Composer-managed dependencies. - After Composer finishes, confirm that
my-project/public,my-project/vendor, and the application directories exist. Do not movevendoror the configuration files insidepublic.
Run Composer as the account that owns the deployment files rather than making the entire tree writable by the web server. This keeps later updates and rollback packages predictable while allowing you to grant the runtime only the write access it actually needs.
Configure the web root and URL routing
Apache
Set Apache’s virtual host document root to the project’s public/ directory. The installer supplies public/.htaccess and public/assets/.htaccess; enable Apache’s mod_rewrite and allow the relevant directory overrides so those files can operate. Requests that do not map to a real public file must be rewritten to public/index.php, which boots SilverStripe.
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Nginx
Nginx does not read Apache .htaccess files. Set the server’s root to /var/www/my-project/public, pass PHP requests to PHP-FPM, and send non-file requests to /index.php. A minimal routing pattern looks like this:
server {
root /var/www/my-project/public;
location ^~ /assets/ {
sendfile on;
try_files $uri =404;
}
location / {
try_files $uri /index.php?$query_string;
}
location ~ .php$ {
include fastcgi_params;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME $document_root$fastcgi_script_name;
fastcgi_pass unix:/run/php/php8.3-fpm.sock;
}
}The PHP-FPM socket in this example is illustrative: use the socket exposed by your distribution and installed PHP version. Add your real server name, TLS configuration, logging, and security restrictions. The important SilverStripe behaviors are the public root, existing-file handling for assets, and fallback of application routes to index.php.
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Asset and protected-file handling
For ordinary public assets, the documented Nginx pattern uses location ^~ /assets/ with sendfile on and try_files $uri =404. That serves an existing file and returns a 404 instead of passing a missing asset through an arbitrary handler. Non-file requests continue to the framework.
Do not allow PHP execution in uploaded-asset directories. Protected assets must not be directly downloadable: deny direct requests and let SilverStripe’s access checks deliver authorized content. For stronger separation, set SS_PROTECTED_ASSETS_PATH="../.protected/" so the protected store is outside public. Review any Nginx or Apache deny rules alongside your asset locations so a broad allow rule cannot override the protection.
Create the environment file and database settings
Create .env in the project root, for example /var/www/my-project/.env. Never place it under public/. It contains connection details and the initial administrator password, so keep it out of version control and restrict its file permissions to the deployment/runtime accounts that require it.
SS_DATABASE_CLASS="MySQLDatabase"
SS_DATABASE_NAME="your_database_name"
SS_DATABASE_SERVER="localhost"
SS_DATABASE_USERNAME="your_database_user"
SS_DATABASE_PASSWORD="use-a-strong-database-password"
SS_DEFAULT_ADMIN_USERNAME="admin"
SS_DEFAULT_ADMIN_PASSWORD="use-a-unique-admin-password"
SS_ENVIRONMENT_TYPE="live"Replace every example value with the credentials you actually created. If the database is on another host, use that host rather than localhost; ensure the database firewall permits the VPS and that the account is limited to the required database. The class shown is the built-in MySQL connector; use the connector and class appropriate to a supported database you selected.
Protect secrets during deployment
- Store production secrets in the VPS secret mechanism or deployment environment, then render the root
.envfile with restrictive permissions. - Do not commit the file, paste its password into a public issue, or copy it into a web-accessible directory.
- Use a long, unique administrator password and database password; do not retain the example strings.
- When rotating a credential, update the database account and the environment file in a controlled order, then verify a fresh request and a CLI build.
Build the schema and open the administrator
- Change to the project root:
cd /var/www/my-project. - Run the SilverStripe build task:
vendor/bin/sake dev/buildThis creates or updates the schema and loads the initial database data using the environment settings.
- Watch the command output for PHP extension, permission, or database-authentication errors. Fix those on the server, then rerun the build; do not expose the project root to make an error disappear.
- Open the configured domain in a browser. Sign in at
/adminwith the administrator credentials from.env.
If the build completes but the browser shows a routing error, check the web-server root and rewrite fallback before changing application code. If the administrator form loads but authentication fails, verify the database selected by SS_DATABASE_NAME, the username/password pair, and that the build was run against the same environment file used by the web process.
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Set permissions without exposing the application
The web-server user needs read access to the public webroot and write access to public/assets/ and SilverStripe’s temporary or cache locations. It should not receive blanket write access to the project root, vendor/, application source, or configuration. Use ownership and group permissions that let deployments update code while the runtime writes only to directories designed for generated or uploaded data.
Directories that may need special treatment
public/assets/for uploaded and generated asset files.- Temporary and cache locations used by the framework.
.graphql-generatedandpublic/_graphqlwhen the project uses GraphQL.public/_resources/and other recipe-generated resources produced during a build or deployment.
GraphQL and recipe-generated directories must either be writable during the build or generated in CI and copied into the release package. Avoid solving permission errors with a recursively world-writable project; that also makes an application compromise more damaging.
Apache versus Nginx: which fits your deployment?
| Deployment concern | Apache | Nginx |
|---|---|---|
| Rewrite expression | Uses the supplied public/.htaccess and public/assets/.htaccess; enable mod_rewrite and directory overrides. |
Requires explicit server-block rules equivalent to rewriting application routes to public/index.php. |
| PHP integration | Use the PHP handler installed for the virtual host; keep its version aligned with CLI PHP. | Pass PHP requests to the matching PHP-FPM socket; the socket path is distribution-specific. |
| Assets | Allow the supplied assets rules to serve public files and prevent execution of uploaded scripts. | Use an assets location with try_files $uri =404, then add explicit deny and protected-file rules. |
| TLS and proxying | Configure certificates and proxy headers in the virtual host or front proxy. | Configure certificates, proxy headers, and PHP-FPM parameters in the server block or front proxy. |
| Automation | Package the virtual-host template and enabled modules with the server build. | Package the server-block template, socket selection, and deny rules with the server build. |
| Best practical choice | Convenient when you want SilverStripe’s quickstart rewrite files with minimal translation. | Convenient when your team already standardizes on Nginx and can maintain explicit routing and security rules. |
Neither server is inherently required by SilverStripe. Choose the one your team can patch, monitor, reproduce, and troubleshoot consistently; a perfectly routed Nginx configuration is safer than an unfamiliar Apache installation, and vice versa.
Reverse proxies, HTTPS, and host headers
When a load balancer, CDN, or TLS-terminating proxy sits in front of the VPS, preserve the valid Host header and the correct forwarded protocol information. SilverStripe uses the host when constructing links, including password-reset URLs. If the proxy replaces the host with an internal name or fails to communicate HTTPS correctly, users can receive links pointing to the wrong domain or scheme.
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- Choose one canonical public hostname and redirect alternate hostnames at the edge or web server.
- Pass the original host and protocol headers according to your proxy’s documented behavior.
- Test generated links from the administrator and password-reset flows rather than checking only the home page.
- Do not trust arbitrary client-supplied forwarding headers; accept them only from your known proxy path.
Production deployment with CI
A repeatable release process can build the application in continuous integration, then deploy an immutable package to the VPS. Keep Composer-managed modules in vendor/ outside the public boundary, and include or deterministically generate front-end resources mapped into public/_resources/.
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- Pin the project dependencies in the Composer lock file and run the same supported PHP version in CI that the VPS uses.
- Install dependencies and run the required build steps in CI, including GraphQL schema generation and recipe-generated files where the project uses them.
- Package
public/, application code,vendor/, and generated resources without including production secrets. - Transfer the release to a new versioned directory on the VPS, link the root
.env, and apply ownership and permissions before switching the web-server release path. - Run
vendor/bin/sake dev/buildagainst the production database during the controlled deployment window, following the project’s migration and backup policy. - Switch the web server to the new release, clear or warm caches as appropriate, and retain the previous release for rollback.
The exact CI platform and release tooling are operational choices. The invariant is that generated resources, schema files, and Composer dependencies are either shipped with the release or produced deterministically; relying on untracked files left over from a previous deployment makes a new VPS or rollback fail.
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Perform these checks on the actual VPS after the first deployment and after meaningful server or dependency changes:
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- Administrator:
/adminloads, accepts the new account, and displays the CMS without missing resources. - Database: a page request and
vendor/bin/sake dev/builduse the intended database and credentials. - Rewrites: a nested page URL works directly, not only after visiting the home page first.
- Uploads: an authorized editor can upload an asset and the web server can serve it from
public/assets/. - Permissions: the runtime can write required caches and assets but cannot modify application source or
vendor/. - Protected assets: an unauthorized direct request is denied, while an authorized application response still works.
- Error handling: missing pages return the intended error response and do not reveal stack traces, environment files, or filesystem paths.
- Proxy behavior: generated absolute links use the public hostname and HTTPS scheme.
- Logs and backups: web-server, PHP, application, and database logs are available, and the database plus uploaded assets are included in the backup plan.
Diagnose the failures you are most likely to see
“Composer requires a different PHP version”
Check both php -v in the shell and the PHP-FPM or Apache runtime reported by a controlled diagnostic. Install a supported PHP 8.1–8.3 version and its extensions, then rerun Composer. A server can have multiple PHP versions, so changing only the CLI binary may leave the web process incompatible.
Missing class or extension errors
Install every required extension, including less-obvious entries such as intl, dom, simplexml, and mbstring. Restart the PHP service after package changes and verify the module is enabled for the same SAPI that serves requests. Confirm that either gd or imagick is available before testing image uploads.
404s on every friendly URL
Confirm the document root ends in /public. On Apache, enable mod_rewrite and permit the supplied .htaccess. On Nginx, verify that the try_files fallback reaches /index.php and that PHP-FPM receives the correct script filename. Test a real static file and a nested CMS page separately to identify whether the problem is asset routing or framework routing.
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Assets cannot be uploaded or generated
Check ownership and write permissions on public/assets/ and the temporary/cache directories. Ensure the filesystem is not full and that a security policy has not blocked the PHP process. Do not make the whole project writable; grant write access only to the directories SilverStripe needs.
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Read the values in the project-root .env, confirm the database server is reachable from the VPS, and verify the account’s permissions. Ensure the CLI build and web process read the same environment file. After correcting credentials or connectivity, rerun vendor/bin/sake dev/build.
Protected files are publicly downloadable
Inspect the web-server locations for an allow rule that overrides your deny rule. Uploaded assets must not execute as PHP, and protected assets must not be served as ordinary static files. Consider SS_PROTECTED_ASSETS_PATH="../.protected/" to place the protected store outside public/, then retest both an unauthorized URL and an authorized application response.
Password-reset links use the wrong domain
Check the public Host and forwarded protocol headers through every reverse proxy or CDN. SilverStripe uses the host while constructing links, so an internal proxy hostname or incorrect scheme can produce unusable URLs even when page routing itself works.
Security and maintenance after launch
- Patch the operating system, PHP, web server, database, Silverstripe core, and Composer modules on a planned schedule.
- Review Composer changes before deployment and keep a tested rollback release.
- Keep
.env,app/, configuration, andvendor/outside the public web root. - Back up the database and
public/assets/together; restoring only code does not restore uploaded content. - Monitor disk space, PHP-FPM or Apache errors, database availability, failed administrator logins, and unexpected writes under public directories.
- Re-run the verification checklist after changing PHP versions, web-server rules, proxy settings, or deployment automation.
With the public boundary, rewrite rules, environment file, permissions, and build command all aligned, a VPS installation is a conventional Composer deployment rather than a special hosting variant. The same separation also gives you a safer path for upgrades, CI releases, and rollback.
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