The two practical ways to run ArangoDB on an Ubuntu VPS are the official Debian package and the official Docker image. Choose the package when you want the database integrated with Ubuntu’s service manager; choose Docker for a repeatable deployment that is easy to replace or move. Whichever route you use, keep authentication enabled, restrict access to port 8529, and place the database directory on durable storage. The steps below cover installation, first login, persistence, administration, and the problems most likely to stop a deployment.
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Choose a deployment method before you install
ArangoDB supports official Linux packages, containers, tar archives, and the ArangoDB Starter. On a single Ubuntu VPS, the package and Docker image are the straightforward choices. The Starter becomes useful when you want a structured single-server deployment or expect to move toward a cluster.
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|---|---|---|---|---|
Official .deb package |
Highest integration with the Ubuntu host and its service tools | Managed directly on the host filesystem | The Debian/Ubuntu installer asks for the database root password |
Administrators who are comfortable operating Ubuntu services |
| Official Docker image | Isolated and reproducible runtime | Requires an explicit host directory or volume mapped to /var/lib/arangodb3 |
Set ARANGO_ROOT_PASSWORD, generate one with ARANGO_RANDOM_ROOT_PASSWORD=1, or use the unauthenticated test mode |
Fast, repeatable VPS deployments and container-based workflows |
| ArangoDB Starter | Automates a single server or cluster layout | Depends on the process or container storage you configure | Can use a protected JWT secret file | More structured deployments or a planned move to clustering |
| Arango Managed Platform | The provider operates the infrastructure | Service-managed | Deployment details are handled by the service | Readers who do not want to maintain a database VPS |
VPS capacity, supported Ubuntu releases, pricing, and managed-service terms change. Check the current ArangoDB release documentation and your provider’s specifications before committing to production.
Check the Ubuntu VPS prerequisites
- Use a supported 64-bit Ubuntu/Debian distribution and select the package or image for the VPS CPU architecture. ArangoDB’s official Linux releases include x86-64 and 64-bit ARM variants, with additional instruction-set and page-size requirements documented for each release.
- Have administrative access through
sudofor package installation, service management, firewall changes, and creation of a dedicated data directory. - Reserve durable disk space for the database and its backups. A container’s writable layer or an ephemeral VPS disk is not a recovery plan.
- Decide which systems need to reach the database: an application on the same VPS, another private server, or an administrator’s workstation. This determines how narrowly you should permit inbound traffic.
- Use a secret-management method suitable for your environment. Do not leave a production password in shell history, a public deployment script, or an unrestricted configuration file.
Install ArangoDB from the official Ubuntu package
The exact package filename and supported Ubuntu releases depend on the ArangoDB version. Start at ArangoDB’s current official Download page, select the Ubuntu/Debian distribution and the VPS architecture, and download the matching .deb file. Do not hard-code an old filename into an installation script.
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1. Update package metadata
sudo apt updateThis updates Ubuntu’s package index before you install the local ArangoDB package. It does not select an ArangoDB version for you; the downloaded file remains the version you chose from the official download page.
2. Verify the downloaded archive
When ArangoDB publishes a checksum for the archive, calculate the SHA-256 digest and compare it with the value on the official download page:
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One free scan finds every outdated or missing driver and matches the right update for your exact hardware.Free scan · exact hardware matchsha256sum <filename>.debA mismatch means you should not install the file. Download it again from the official source and investigate the discrepancy instead of bypassing the check.
3. Install the local package
sudo apt install ./<filename>.debThe ./ tells apt that the argument is a local file. During installation, Debian-based packages ask you to set ArangoDB’s database root password. This is the ArangoDB administrator credential, not the Ubuntu operating-system root account password. Store it in your password manager or secret store.
4. Start the database using the release’s service instructions
ArangoDB’s documented startup procedure depends on the Linux distribution and on whether you installed a single server or a cluster. Follow the service instructions shipped with the selected release rather than assuming one service command works for every version. Confirm that the service is running before opening the database to an application.
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5. Perform a first login
Use the administrator credential you set during installation with the release’s administration interface or arangosh. Keep the database bound to the intended network interfaces and verify firewall rules before allowing remote access.
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The official Docker image is convenient when you want a deployment that can be recreated without changing the host’s package set. The image listens on port 8529. The following example also creates the storage mapping that prevents data loss when the container is removed and recreated.
1. Create a dedicated host directory
sudo mkdir -p /srv/arangodbChoose a filesystem with enough capacity for the database, indexes, logs, and backup working space. Treat this directory as database storage: restrict access, monitor free space, and include it in your backup plan.
2. Start the container with a generated administrator password
docker run -d
--name arangodb-instance
-p 8529:8529
-e ARANGO_RANDOM_ROOT_PASSWORD=1
-v /srv/arangodb:/var/lib/arangodb3
arangodbThe image generates a root password and reports it in the container logs. Capture that value immediately through an appropriate secret-management process. If you prefer to set the credential yourself, replace the random-password variable with -e ARANGO_ROOT_PASSWORD=<strong-secret>; avoid putting a real production secret directly into a shell command that will remain in history.
3. Understand the unauthenticated option
The image also documents ARANGO_NO_AUTH=1. Use it only for short-lived testing or a network that is genuinely trusted and isolated. ArangoDB warns that disabling authentication in a production environment exposes all your data. Never publish an unauthenticated listener to the public internet.
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4. Keep the data when the container changes
The mapping /srv/arangodb:/var/lib/arangodb3 is the critical persistence step. ArangoDB writes its database files under /var/lib/arangodb3 inside the container; the host-side directory keeps those files when you stop, replace, or upgrade the container. A container that starts without this mapping may appear healthy while storing everything in a disposable writable layer.
Make sure the Docker process can read and write the chosen directory, and verify the host filesystem is included in snapshots or file-level backups. A volume protects against container replacement; it does not protect against disk failure, operator error, or corruption.
5. Limit exposure of the mapped port
The -p 8529:8529 mapping makes the service reachable through the VPS network stack. Permit that port only from the application and administration networks that need it. If the application runs on the same VPS, prefer a local-only design where practical; if remote access is required, use your VPS firewall or security group to restrict source addresses and keep authentication enabled.
Connect and administer the running instance
Check the container and open arangosh
docker ps
docker exec -it arangodb-instance arangoshThe first command confirms that the container is running. The second starts ArangoDB’s shell inside that container, avoiding a separate client installation on the VPS. Authenticate with the root credential you configured or generated. The Docker documentation also supports targeting a particular database when invoking arangosh; use the endpoint and database appropriate for your deployment.
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Reach the web interface or application endpoint
A browser or application can use the VPS address and the mapped endpoint, subject to the firewall, network binding, and authentication rules you selected. Do not infer that a reachable TCP port means the deployment is secure: an exposed port still requires strong credentials and a source restriction.
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Use the Starter for a managed single-server layout
The ArangoDB Starter can create a JWT secret and launch a single-server deployment. Create the secret, protect its permissions, and then point the Starter at the path where the secret actually resides:
arangodb create jwt-secret --secret=arangodb.secret
chmod 400 arangodb.secret
arangodb --starter.mode=single --auth.jwt-secret=/etc/arangodb.secretThe example assumes that arangodb.secret has been placed at /etc/arangodb.secret before the final command. Adapt the path to your VPS filesystem, keep the file readable only by the account that needs it, and do not commit it to source control. The Starter also supports cluster mode and can run with processes or Docker containers, so its storage and process layout must be designed rather than copied blindly from a single-server example.
Secure the VPS before production traffic
- Keep authentication enabled. Use a long, unique root password or a protected secret. The unauthenticated image mode is not suitable for an internet-facing production database.
- Restrict port 8529. Allow only trusted application hosts, private networks, or a controlled administration path. Do not rely on the default VPS firewall state.
- Protect the data directory. Limit filesystem permissions on the native database directory or Docker bind mount, and avoid sharing it with unrelated services.
- Back up the persisted files and database contents. Test that a backup can be restored; simply mapping a host directory does not create a backup.
- Verify downloads. Check SHA-256 values for published archives and use the package or repository instructions for the exact ArangoDB release you selected.
- Track compatibility. Recheck supported Ubuntu releases, CPU requirements, release tags, and security advisories before upgrades or a new production rollout.
- Separate credentials by purpose. Keep the root credential for administration and create application credentials with only the access they require once your database design is ready.
Troubleshoot the common installation failures
The package will not install
First confirm that the file is the correct ArangoDB build for your Ubuntu/Debian release and CPU architecture. An x86-64 package cannot be installed on a 64-bit ARM VPS, and a package built for an unsupported distribution may fail dependency or compatibility checks. Re-download the current package, verify its checksum, and follow that release’s package instructions instead of forcing dependencies.
The service installs but clients cannot connect
Check the service state using the distribution’s documented service tools, then check the VPS firewall or provider security group. For Docker, confirm that docker ps shows the container and that the port mapping was created as intended. A locally running database can still be unreachable from another host when inbound rules or network bindings block it.
The container starts, but data disappears after replacement
Inspect the original docker run command and verify that a host directory or named volume is mounted at /var/lib/arangodb3. If the mapping was omitted or pointed at the wrong path, the old files are in the removed container’s writable layer. Restore from a backup if the container has already been deleted; adding a volume afterward cannot reconstruct data that was never copied into it.
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You cannot find the generated password
When ARANGO_RANDOM_ROOT_PASSWORD=1 is used, the image reports the generated value in its logs. Retrieve it through your approved operational process before destroying or replacing the container. If the value was not saved and no other administrator credential exists, use the recovery procedure documented for the specific ArangoDB image version rather than attempting ad-hoc edits to database files.
The Starter rejects its JWT secret
Confirm that the path in --auth.jwt-secret matches the actual file location and that permissions allow the Starter process to read it while preventing other users from doing so. The example’s /etc/arangodb.secret path is not automatic; it is an explicit location that must exist on your VPS.
Remote access works without a password
Inspect the container environment and deployment configuration for ARANGO_NO_AUTH=1. Remove that setting, recreate the instance with a managed password, and restrict the firewall before exposing the service again. An unauthenticated endpoint should be treated as a security incident if it was reachable from an untrusted network.
Plan upgrades, storage, and ongoing operations
For a native install, use the upgrade and service procedure for the exact ArangoDB release and Ubuntu version. For Docker, pin a deliberate image tag rather than changing the image implicitly, stop the old container in a controlled window, keep the host mapping unchanged, and verify the new container before deleting the old one. Preserve a tested backup before either kind of upgrade.
Monitor disk utilization, container or service restarts, authentication failures, and backup completion. Keep database files on storage with reliable durability, and document who can retrieve the root credential or JWT secret. The operational details differ between a package, a container, and the Starter, but the recovery objectives are the same: know where the data lives, know how access is authenticated, and know how to restore it.
When a managed deployment is the better choice
Arango Managed Platform is documented as a fully managed service on AWS and GCP. It is appropriate when you want ArangoDB without maintaining an Ubuntu operating system, container lifecycle, firewall policy, storage monitoring, and upgrade process yourself. A self-managed VPS offers more control over networking, filesystem placement, and release timing, while the managed option shifts infrastructure operations to the service. Confirm current regions, limits, pricing, and backup terms directly with the provider before choosing it.
Recommended decision for a single Ubuntu VPS
Use the official Docker image when you value reproducibility and can operate Docker responsibly: create a dedicated host directory, map it to /var/lib/arangodb3, generate or securely provide the root password, and restrict the mapped port. Use the official .deb package when Ubuntu service integration and direct host administration matter more. Choose the Starter when deployment management or future clustering is a priority, and choose the managed platform when avoiding VPS operations is the primary requirement.
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