The Tool Desk
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This guide covers Paper and Spigot servers, Fabric, BungeeCord, Waterfall, Velocity, standalone Geyser, port forwarding, identity settings, whitelists, and the failures most often reported as “Unable to connect to world.”
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What GeyserMC and Floodgate each do
GeyserMC is the protocol bridge
Java and Bedrock use different network protocols. Geyser sits between them and translates Bedrock client traffic into the Java protocol understood by your server. It can run directly on a supported Java server platform, on a proxy, or as a separate standalone process that forwards traffic to a Java server.
Geyser does not turn a Bedrock client into a Java account. It provides the compatibility layer and a Bedrock-facing listener. Without Floodgate, a Bedrock player generally still needs a Java Edition account for the server’s normal authentication flow.
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Floodgate is optional Bedrock authentication
Floodgate lets an Xbox Live-authenticated Bedrock player join without having a Java Edition account. Install the Floodgate build matching your platform and configure Geyser to use Floodgate authentication. If every Bedrock player already has a Java account and you want the server’s ordinary Java authentication, Floodgate is not required.
Floodgate creates an authentication key named key.pem. Treat that file like a server credential. The official documentation warns: “DO NOT DISTRIBUTE THIS KEY TO ANYBODY!” A leaked key can allow an attacker to bypass Java authentication and compromise the server.
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Choose the right installation layout
| Layout | Where Geyser runs | Best fit | Important networking detail | Operational complexity |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Plugin | Inside Paper, Spigot, or another supported Bukkit-derived server | A single Java server | Expose Geyser’s Bedrock UDP listener, commonly port 19132 | Lowest; one server and one configuration |
| Mod | Inside a supported Fabric server | A Fabric-based Java server | Expose the configured Bedrock UDP listener | Low, but the Geyser build must match the platform |
| Proxy | On BungeeCord, Waterfall, or Velocity | Several Java back ends behind one entry point | Bedrock connects to the proxy; back ends can remain private | Higher; proxy routing and shared Floodgate keys must be correct |
| Standalone | As a separate Geyser process | Geyser on another machine or an independently managed service | Expose the standalone Bedrock listener and configure its remote Java target | Moderate; two processes and two network paths |
Download the build intended for your platform. A Spigot-derived server needs the plugin build; Fabric needs the Fabric build; a proxy needs the corresponding BungeeCord, Waterfall, or Velocity build; and a separate machine needs the standalone build. Using the wrong build is a common cause of missing files or a component that never loads.
Install Geyser on Paper, Spigot, or another plugin server
1. Put the platform-specific jar in the plugins folder
- Stop the Java server cleanly.
- Download the Geyser jar for your server platform.
- Place that jar in the server’s
pluginsdirectory. Do not put a standalone jar in this directory. - Start the server once. Geyser creates its configuration and data files during startup.
- Stop the server again before editing the generated configuration.
Check the startup log after the first launch. The purpose of this pass is to confirm that the plugin was discovered and to let it create its files; do not try to configure a file that has not yet been generated.
2. Set the Java target and Bedrock listener
Open Geyser’s generated configuration. Set the Java server target to the address and port that Geyser should use for the local Java server. In a normal plugin installation this is the Java server on which the plugin is running; in a more unusual arrangement it may be another reachable Java endpoint.
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Set the Bedrock listener’s address and port to values your host permits. Geyser commonly uses UDP port 19132, but that is not guaranteed. Some hosting companies allocate a different Bedrock port, and the value in the host’s control panel must match the value in Geyser’s configuration.
3. Expose UDP to players outside your LAN
- Forward the configured Bedrock port on your router to the Java server’s local address.
- Forward it as UDP. Forwarding only TCP does not provide the Bedrock transport Geyser needs.
- Allow the same UDP port through the operating system firewall and any provider-level firewall.
- If your host gives you a custom port, use that port in the forwarding rule and tell Bedrock players to use it.
Players on the same LAN may see the server in Bedrock’s Friends tab, but that discovery does not prove that internet clients can reach it. Test from a separate network, such as a mobile connection, after the UDP rule is active.
4. Restart and connect from Bedrock
Restart the server after configuration edits. In Bedrock, add a server using the public address and the configured Bedrock port. Bedrock clients must use the Bedrock listener’s port, not automatically the Java server port. A Java player can continue using the normal Java address and port.
Install Geyser on Fabric
Use the Fabric build rather than a Bukkit plugin. Place the Geyser Fabric mod and its required dependencies in the Fabric server’s mods directory, then start the server so Geyser generates its files. Configure the Java target and Bedrock UDP listener in the generated configuration, open the selected UDP port in the host firewall, and restart after editing.
The network decisions are the same as on Paper or Spigot: Bedrock players connect to Geyser’s UDP address and port, while Java players use the Java server endpoint. Keep the Geyser build aligned with the Fabric environment and the server version you operate.
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Use Geyser with BungeeCord, Waterfall, or Velocity
Install Geyser at the proxy entry point
For a proxy network, install Geyser on the proxy rather than expecting each back end to accept Bedrock traffic. Bedrock clients connect to the proxy’s Bedrock listener, and the proxy routes them to a Java back end. This gives the network one Bedrock-facing entry point.
Install the proxy-specific Geyser build and, when passwordless Bedrock authentication is required, the matching Floodgate component for the proxy topology. Configure the proxy’s Java routing and Bedrock listener, then expose the listener’s UDP port at the proxy’s public address.
Share one Floodgate key across the network
If Floodgate is also installed on Java back ends, every relevant instance must use the same key.pem. Copy the key securely to the required proxy and back-end locations; never send it through public chat, commit it to a repository, or include it in a downloadable server pack.
Route Bedrock clients to the proxy address, not directly to a back end. A direct back-end connection bypasses the proxy’s Geyser and authentication path and commonly results in a rejected login or an unreachable server.
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Proxy-specific failure pattern
If Java players can move between servers but Bedrock players are rejected, check the proxy first: Geyser must be loaded there, the Bedrock port must reach the proxy, and all Floodgate instances must use the same key. Only after those checks should you investigate an individual back end.
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Run Geyser as a standalone process
Standalone is useful when the bridge should run on another machine, in a separate container, or independently from the Java server process.
- Create a dedicated directory for Geyser.
- Place the Geyser standalone jar in that directory.
- Launch it once. The first run creates the configuration and required data files.
- Stop Geyser and edit the generated configuration.
- Set the remote Java server address and port. This must be reachable from the machine running Geyser.
- Set the Bedrock listener address and UDP port that your network can expose.
- Launch Geyser again and watch its log for a successful startup.
Open the standalone listener’s UDP port in the machine firewall and any upstream firewall. The Java server’s own port may remain private if only the standalone machine needs to reach it.
Add Floodgate for Bedrock accounts without Java Edition
Plugin, mod, and proxy installations
Install the Floodgate jar or component built for the same platform as Geyser: the Java server platform for a direct installation, or the documented proxy topology for a proxy network. Start the platform once if necessary so Floodgate creates its data and key files. Configure the installation according to that platform’s generated files, then restart both components after changes.
Standalone sequence
For standalone Geyser, the documented order is:
- Install the platform-specific Floodgate jar on the Java server.
- Set Geyser Standalone’s
auth-typetofloodgate. - Copy Floodgate’s
key.peminto the same directory as Geyser Standalone. - Restart Geyser Standalone.
The key must be readable by the Geyser process, but its permissions should prevent ordinary users and unrelated services from reading it. If you rotate or replace the key, update every proxy and back end that participates in the Floodgate path.
What the player experiences
A Bedrock player signs in through Xbox Live on the Bedrock device and then connects to the server’s Bedrock address and port. Floodgate handles the Bedrock identity so a separate Java Edition account is not required. Java players continue to authenticate through the Java route.
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Username prefixes, collisions, skins, and whitelists
Keep the username prefix unless collisions are controlled
Floodgate normally distinguishes Bedrock names from Java names with a username prefix. Removing that prefix can make names look cleaner, but it is not recommended unless you are certain that Java and Bedrock names cannot overlap. A collision can make commands ambiguous and can produce problems such as being unable to teleport to one of two players.
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Change username-prefix only after checking your existing player names, plugins, permissions, command selectors, and future account policy. If a collision appears, restore a distinguishing prefix rather than trying to resolve every command and identity conflict separately.
Whitelist Bedrock players with Floodgate commands
Floodgate 2.0 provides these commands:
fwhitelist add <name>fwhitelist remove <name>
Enter the Bedrock player’s name without the Floodgate username prefix. The command handles the Floodgate identity format; adding the prefix yourself can cause the whitelist entry not to match.
Bedrock skins
Floodgate 2.0 is intended to make Bedrock skins visible to Java players. A skin may not appear immediately because uploads can wait in a processing queue. Treat a short delay as a presentation issue rather than evidence that authentication failed.
Port, firewall, and address checklist
- Use UDP: the Bedrock listener requires UDP, commonly
19132. - Match every layer: Geyser’s configured port, router forwarding rule, host firewall rule, provider allocation, and the port entered in Bedrock must agree.
- Use the correct destination: with a proxy, forward to the proxy; with standalone, expose the standalone machine; with a plugin, expose the Java server host.
- Do not assume the Java port: Bedrock clients use Geyser’s Bedrock port, which may differ from the Java listener.
- Check provider restrictions: some hosts do not permit arbitrary UDP ports or require you to request a separate Bedrock allocation.
Troubleshoot common connection and authentication failures
“Unable to connect to world”
- Confirm the Bedrock address is the public address of the Geyser listener, not an internal address.
- Confirm the port is the configured Bedrock UDP port and is entered correctly in Bedrock.
- Verify that the host exposes that UDP port and that the operating-system and provider firewalls allow it.
- For standalone Geyser, verify that its configured remote Java address and port are reachable from the standalone machine.
- For a proxy, verify that the Bedrock packet reaches the proxy rather than a private back end.
Bedrock reaches the server but authentication fails
- Confirm Floodgate is installed for the platform actually handling the connection.
- Confirm Geyser’s
auth-typeis set tofloodgatewhen using standalone Floodgate authentication. - Confirm the matching
key.pemis present and readable by Geyser. - On a proxy network, confirm every Floodgate instance uses the same key.
- Restart after changing authentication settings.
Proxy network rejects Bedrock players
Install Geyser on the proxy, route Bedrock clients to that proxy, expose the proxy’s UDP listener, and use one shared Floodgate key wherever Floodgate is installed. Installing Geyser only on a back end does not provide a Bedrock path to the proxy’s public address.
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Restore or change the username prefix and review duplicate Java and Bedrock names. Do not remove the prefix merely to improve appearance when the server cannot guarantee unique names.
Whitelist entries do not work
Use fwhitelist add <name> or fwhitelist remove <name> and enter the Bedrock name without its prefix. Confirm that the command is being run on the instance that controls the relevant player list.
Quick Recap
Pre-launch verification
- Confirm the Geyser build matches the server, proxy, or standalone layout.
- Start once to generate files, then edit the Java target and Bedrock listener.
- Confirm the listener uses UDP and record the exact externally reachable port.
- Open that port in the router and every applicable firewall.
- If using Floodgate, install the matching component, set the required authentication mode, and protect
key.pem. - If using a proxy, install Geyser at the proxy, route Bedrock there, and synchronize the Floodgate key with back ends.
- Test from outside the LAN with a Bedrock client.
- Test both a Floodgate Bedrock account and an ordinary Java account when both account types are part of your community.
- Test a whitelist entry and a command involving both a Java and Bedrock player before opening the server publicly.
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