The quickest supported setup on Ubuntu is to install a Java Development Kit (JDK), refresh APT’s package index, install Maven, and verify it in a new shell:
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sudo apt update
sudo apt install default-jdk
sudo apt install maven
mvn -vUse this APT method when Ubuntu’s packaged Maven is suitable. Install Maven manually from an Apache binary archive when you need to select a release independently of Ubuntu’s repository. Both methods require a JDK, not merely a Java runtime.
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What Maven does and why Java comes first
Apache Maven is a build and project-management tool commonly used to compile Java code, run tests, package applications, and place built artifacts in a local repository. Maven itself runs on Java, so the first requirement is a Java Development Kit. Apache’s installation guidance states that a JDK is required; installing only a runtime can leave Maven unable to compile projects or start correctly.
Ubuntu’s Java instructions use the default-jdk package for the distribution’s default supported JDK. If you need a particular release, Ubuntu also publishes versioned packages such as openjdk-21-jdk. OpenJDK 17 and OpenJDK 21 are TCK-certified on Ubuntu 24.04 LTS. The package you should choose depends on your Ubuntu release and the Java level required by your project.
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Before you install
Check whether Java is already available
Run:
java -version
javac -versionThe first command checks the Java runtime executable; the second checks the compiler supplied by a JDK. If javac is missing, install a JDK even if java -version prints a version. If both commands work and the JDK is compatible with your project, you can skip installation of default-jdk.
Confirm your Ubuntu package manager can reach its repositories
APT needs current package indexes. An ordinary user account with sudo privileges is also required for package installation. You do not need to download a separate installer for the APT route.
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Install Maven with APT
APT is Ubuntu’s documented command-line package-management path. It lets Ubuntu track Maven as a system package and receive updates through the same mechanism as other installed software.
- Refresh package indexes. Run
sudo apt update. This downloads the current metadata for the repositories configured on your system. - Install a JDK when needed. Run
sudo apt install default-jdk. Accept the confirmation prompt. If you deliberately need a versioned package, use the appropriate Ubuntu package, for examplesudo apt install openjdk-21-jdk. - Install Maven. Run
sudo apt install mavenand confirm the transaction. - Start a new shell. Close and reopen the terminal, or start a fresh shell process, so command lookup reflects the completed installation.
- Verify Maven. Run
mvn -v.
The verification output should identify Maven and show the Java runtime Maven is using. It also helps distinguish a missing Maven executable from a Java configuration problem.
Verify the installation in detail
Check Maven’s version report
Use:
mvn -vApache recommends this command in a new shell. If it prints Maven and Java information, the executable is discoverable and Maven can start. The Maven version supplied by APT is controlled by your Ubuntu release and current package state; there is no single Maven version shared by every Ubuntu release.
Check which executable is being used
When more than one Java or Maven installation exists, inspect command resolution:
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command -v mvn
command -v java
command -v javacAn APT installation normally resolves Maven from a system directory such as /usr/bin. A manually installed copy should resolve from the directory whose bin folder you added to PATH. If the path is unexpected, remove the obsolete PATH entry or adjust the order of entries.
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Build a first Maven project
Once mvn -v succeeds, verify that Maven can execute a real build. Ubuntu’s tutorial demonstrates creating a starter project with the Maven archetype command:
mvn archetype:generateThe command is interactive unless you provide all archetype properties. Follow its prompts to create a project directory, group identifier, artifact identifier, and package. The exact prompts can vary with the archetype and Maven version, so read each question rather than assuming a fixed sequence.
For a project that targets Java 8, Ubuntu documents this build command:
mvn -Dmaven.compiler.release=8 packageThis compiles the project, runs its unit tests, and creates the package when the build succeeds. The release value belongs to the project you are building; change it only when the source and dependencies support another Java level.
Recognize Maven’s conventional layout
A standard Maven project contains:
pom.xml, the project descriptor that declares coordinates, dependencies, plugins, and build settings.src/main/java, the usual location for production Java source.src/test/java, the usual location for test source.target, the build output directory created during a package or test lifecycle.
Running mvn package produces a JAR in target when the project is configured to create one. Running mvn install additionally places the built artifact in your local repository, normally ${user.home}/.m2/repository, so other local Maven builds can resolve it.
APT versus a manual Apache installation
Both approaches install the same build tool, but they put maintenance and version decisions in different places.
| Decision area | APT installation | Manual Apache archive |
|---|---|---|
| Maintenance and updates | Ubuntu manages the package and updates through APT. | You manage downloads, replacement of old releases, and cleanup yourself. |
| Version control | Uses the Maven version available in your Ubuntu repository and package state. | Lets you select the Apache archive release you need. |
| Setup effort | Refresh indexes and run package commands. | Download a binary archive, extract it, and configure PATH. |
| Reproducibility across Ubuntu releases | Repository versions can differ between Ubuntu releases. | The selected archive can be reused across compatible Ubuntu installations, provided its Java requirement is met. |
Choose APT for the least administration and the normal Ubuntu integration. Choose the manual route when a project or build environment requires a Maven release that your Ubuntu repository does not provide.
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Install Maven manually from Apache
The manual procedure is useful when you need an independently selected release. Apache’s documented sequence is to download the binary archive, extract it, add its bin directory to PATH, and run mvn -v in a new shell.
1. Install and verify a JDK
Install default-jdk or a suitable versioned JDK with APT if one is not already present. Maven cannot replace this prerequisite. Verify both java -version and javac -version before changing Maven files.
2. Download the binary archive
Use the Apache Maven installation page to select the release appropriate for your environment. The page cited for this guide shows Maven 3.10.0 as the stable release and states that it requires JDK 8 or newer; software availability changes, so check the page at the time you download rather than assuming that version remains current.
3. Extract the archive
Change to the directory containing the downloaded archive and extract it. For an archive named according to the 3.10.0 release, the command is:
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4. Put Maven in a stable location
You can keep the extracted directory in your home directory or move it under a system location such as /opt. A system location generally requires administrative privileges:
sudo mkdir -p /opt
sudo mv apache-maven-3.10.0 /opt/Adjust the directory name to match the archive you extracted. Keeping the release number in the directory name makes parallel installations possible, but it also means the PATH entry must point to the release you intend to use.
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5. Add the extracted bin directory to PATH
For a system-wide location matching the example above, add this line to the startup file used by your shell, such as ~/.bashrc for an interactive Bash session:
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source ~/.bashrc
mvn -vApache specifically calls for checking mvn -v in a new shell. A new shell also catches mistakes where the line was added to a startup file that your current terminal does not read.
Troubleshoot common installation failures
“mvn: command not found” after an APT install
- Open a new shell and run
command -v mvn. - Check that
/usr/binis present in yourPATH, because APT-installed executables are normally placed in a system directory searched there. - Run
sudo apt update, then retrysudo apt install mavenif the package transaction did not complete.
Do not add a manual Maven directory to PATH merely to hide an incomplete APT installation; first confirm which installation you intend to maintain.
“mvn: command not found” after a manual install
- Verify that the archive was extracted and that its directory contains a
binsubdirectory. - Check the PATH line for the exact extracted directory and release number.
- Run
source ~/.bashrcor open a new shell, then usecommand -v mvn.
If command -v mvn still returns nothing, the PATH entry is either in a startup file your shell does not read or points to the wrong directory.
Maven says Java is missing
Install a JDK rather than only a runtime:
sudo apt install default-jdkThen open a new shell and rerun mvn -v. If you selected a versioned JDK, confirm that javac -version reports it. Maven’s requirement is specifically a Java Development Kit.
APT cannot locate Maven or uses stale metadata
Refresh the package index:
sudo apt updateRetry the installation after the command completes. If the package is still unavailable, the repositories configured for that Ubuntu release may not currently expose it; this is a reason to check the release’s repository configuration or consider the manual Apache archive.
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A project fails even though Maven starts
Separate installation from project compatibility. First run mvn -v to record the Maven and Java versions. Then inspect the project’s pom.xml and compiler settings. A command such as mvn -Dmaven.compiler.release=8 package requests Java 8 bytecode and compilation rules; it does not make a project compatible with every dependency or source level.
Updating, switching, and removing Maven
Updating an APT installation
APT-managed Maven follows Ubuntu’s package updates. Refresh indexes and apply the package update with:
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sudo apt update
sudo apt install --only-upgrade mavenThe available version remains dependent on your Ubuntu release and configured repositories.
Switching manual releases
Extract the new archive beside the old one, change the PATH entry to the new bin directory, open a new shell, and verify with mvn -v. Keep only the release directories you still need; deleting an old directory that remains first on PATH can make a shell point nowhere.
Removing Maven
For an APT installation, remove the package with:
sudo apt remove mavenFor a manual installation, remove the extracted directory and delete its PATH line from the relevant shell startup file. Removing Maven does not remove your JDK or projects, and it does not automatically delete the local repository under ${user.home}/.m2/repository.
Which installation method should you choose?
- Choose APT when you want the shortest setup, Ubuntu-managed updates, and a Maven version that is acceptable for your projects.
- Choose the manual archive when you must pin or test a Maven release independently of Ubuntu’s package schedule and are comfortable maintaining PATH and upgrades yourself.
- Use either method only after selecting a compatible JDK. Maven’s launcher and your project’s compiler settings are separate concerns, so verify both the installed JDK and the project’s required Java release.
Command checklist
For a normal APT installation, the complete sequence is:
Do these 3 things before closing this tab:
1Scan for outdated or missing drivers - takes under a minute2Repair Windows errors before they cause bigger problems3Fix the driver behind crashes, sound loss and screen glitchessudo apt update
sudo apt install default-jdk
sudo apt install maven
mvn -vIf a supported JDK is already installed, omit the second line. For a manual installation, the essential sequence is: download the Apache binary archive, extract it, add its extracted bin directory to PATH, start a new shell, and run mvn -v. A successful version report is the practical point at which Maven is ready for project commands such as mvn package and mvn install.
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