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The reliable VPS setup is straightforward: install Ollama with its official Linux installer, verify the binary, let the installer create a systemd service, and keep the API bound to localhost unless you deliberately configure private-network or reverse-proxy access. CPU-only VPSs work without a GPU; NVIDIA CUDA and AMD ROCm are optional acceleration paths. Your required CPU, memory, disk and VRAM depend on the model, context size, concurrency and whether inference runs on the CPU or an accelerator.
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What you need before installing
Ollama runs on Linux hosts, including Ubuntu and Debian VPSs. You need an account with sudo privileges, an active SSH session, and enough storage for the Ollama installation plus the models you intend to download. The authoritative Linux instructions do not publish one universal RAM, disk, CPU or VRAM minimum for every model, so sizing must follow the workload rather than a single checklist number.
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- Architecture: identify whether the VPS is x86-64 or ARM64 before choosing a manual archive. Run
uname -m; common results arex86_64for x86-64 andaarch64for ARM64. - Operating system: use a current 64-bit Linux image with a working package base and systemd if you want the installer-managed service.
- Privileges: the install script needs to place the executable and create a service account and unit under system directories.
- Accelerator access: a CPU-only deployment needs no GPU driver. A GPU VPS also needs the provider’s compatible driver stack installed and visible to Linux.
- Network policy: decide whether clients will run on the VPS itself, on a private network, or through an authenticated reverse proxy. The safest initial state is local-only access.
Do not select a VPS solely by advertised GPU memory. Larger models, longer context windows and more simultaneous requests increase resource demand, while a CPU-only instance trades lower setup complexity for lower throughput.
Install Ollama with the official Linux script
The supported fast path is the one-line installer published by the Ollama project. It detects the Linux machine architecture and the available accelerator environment.
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- Connect to the VPS over SSH and update your normal operating-system packages if your maintenance policy requires it.
- Run the installer:
curl -fsSL https://ollama.com/install.sh | shThe command downloads and executes the project’s installation script. Review your organization’s policy for piping a remote script to a shell; if your policy requires package inspection or an offline change process, use the manual archive method described below instead.
- Verify that the executable is available:
ollama -vA version string confirms that the command is on the path. If the shell reports that ollama cannot be found, start a new SSH session so the shell picks up any path changes, then run the verification again. If it still fails, inspect the installer output and confirm that the command completed with administrative privileges.
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Manual installation when you need package control
The Linux guide also publishes architecture-specific archives. Choose the archive that matches the output of uname -m:
| VPS architecture or accelerator | Archive or prerequisite | When this route is useful |
|---|---|---|
| x86-64 | ollama-linux-amd64.tar.zst |
Controlled rollouts, internal mirrors or a change process that does not allow a remote installer. |
| ARM64 | ollama-linux-arm64.tar.zst |
ARM-based cloud instances where the operating-system architecture is aarch64. |
| AMD GPU | The matching Ollama ROCm archive, plus a current ROCm driver stack | GPU inference on an AMD-backed VPS. |
| NVIDIA GPU | The normal Linux package, plus the provider’s compatible CUDA driver | GPU inference on an NVIDIA-backed VPS. |
Manual installation gives you clearer control over which archive is deployed and when it is upgraded, but you must track the executable, permissions, service unit and future updates yourself. Follow the Linux guide’s archive-install procedure for extraction and placement; do not install an x86-64 archive on an ARM64 host or vice versa. CUDA and ROCm are optional accelerator prerequisites, not requirements for CPU-only operation.
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Make the service survive SSH disconnects and reboots
Running an interactive server in an SSH shell ties its lifetime to that session. A systemd unit is the practical production arrangement because systemd starts Ollama at boot, restarts it after an unexpected exit and keeps it independent of your terminal.
The installer-managed unit runs /usr/bin/ollama serve as user and group ollama. It waits for network-online.target, restarts automatically and uses a three-second restart delay. Check or repair the unit with these commands:
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl enable ollama
sudo systemctl start ollama
sudo systemctl status ollama
journalctl -e -u ollamaWhat each check tells you
daemon-reloadmakes systemd reread unit files after an edit or a manual installation.enable ollamaschedules startup at boot; it does not itself start a currently stopped process.start ollamalaunches the service immediately.status ollamashows whether the unit is active, its main process and recent failure information.journalctl -e -u ollamaopens the service’s journal at the newest entries, which is the first place to look for permission, driver, port or startup errors.
After starting the service, test reachability from the VPS itself:
curl http://127.0.0.1:11434A local response confirms that something is listening on the default loopback address. If the request fails, use systemctl status and the journal before changing firewall rules; a remote firewall rule cannot fix a service that is not running locally.
Choose CPU-only, NVIDIA or AMD operation
Ollama can serve models on the CPU, so a GPU is not a prerequisite for installation. A GPU-backed VPS can improve suitability for a particular model and workload, but it introduces driver, passthrough and provider-support dependencies.
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| Deployment | Additional setup | Operational trade-off |
|---|---|---|
| CPU-only | No accelerator driver required. | Simplest and most portable; throughput and model fit depend heavily on CPU, memory and concurrency. |
| NVIDIA | Install the cloud provider’s compatible CUDA driver separately and verify it with nvidia-smi. |
Potentially higher throughput, with ongoing driver compatibility and device-passthrough maintenance. |
| AMD | Install the current ROCm stack and the extra Ollama ROCm package described by the Linux guide. | Requires ROCm support from the provider. The guide warns that older kernel AMDGPU support may not expose every ROCm feature and recommends the latest AMD Linux driver. |
NVIDIA verification
- Install the CUDA driver package recommended for the exact VPS image and GPU generation by your provider.
- Run
nvidia-smi. It should report the device and driver rather than a missing-command or communication error. - Start or restart the Ollama service and inspect
journalctl -e -u ollamaif the service does not initialize as expected.
AMD verification
- Install the current ROCm stack supported by the VPS image and provider.
- Install the additional Ollama ROCm archive required by the Linux guide.
- Restart the service and review the journal. If a feature is unavailable, update the AMD Linux driver before assuming that the model or Ollama installation is defective.
Do not promise a model’s performance from the presence of a GPU alone. Device passthrough, driver versions, model quantization, context length and concurrent requests all affect the result.
Keep the API private or expose it deliberately
The default listener is 127.0.0.1:11434, which is appropriate when applications run on the same VPS. A second server cannot reach that loopback address because loopback belongs to the Ollama host itself. Network access requires an explicit OLLAMA_HOST service configuration.
| Access pattern | Exposure surface | Best fit |
|---|---|---|
| Localhost only | Only processes on the VPS can connect; no inbound firewall opening is needed. | Single-server applications, administration and initial testing. |
| Private interface | Reachable by hosts on an allowed private network; firewall rules can restrict source addresses. | A separate application server or private game-service network. |
| Authenticated reverse proxy | The proxy terminates authentication and can provide TLS, rate limits and access logging; the Ollama port remains restricted. | Controlled access from several trusted clients or networks. |
Configure a private listener with systemd
- Open a drop-in override:
sudo systemctl edit ollama- Add a service environment setting using the VPS’s private address. This example uses an RFC1918 address; replace it with the interface address assigned to your host:
[Service]
Environment="OLLAMA_HOST=10.0.0.5:11434"- Save the override, then reload and restart the unit:
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
sudo systemctl restart ollama
sudo systemctl status ollama- From an allowed client, test the private address. Also run a local request on the VPS to distinguish an application problem from a network-policy problem.
Bind only to the interface that needs access. Binding broadly to every interface increases the attack surface and should not be treated as authentication. If clients must connect across an untrusted network, place Ollama behind an authenticated reverse proxy and restrict the firewall to the proxy or private network. Never expose port 11434 directly to the public internet without an access-control plan.
Updating and pinning releases
To update an installer-based deployment, run the official installer again:
curl -fsSL https://ollama.com/install.sh | shFor a controlled release, pass OLLAMA_VERSION to the installer. The Linux guide demonstrates version 0.5.7:
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OLLAMA_VERSION=0.5.7 curl -fsSL https://ollama.com/install.sh | shUse a version that exists on the project’s releases page; the example is a pinning demonstration, not a recommendation that every VPS should remain on that release. After either update method, verify ollama -v, run sudo systemctl status ollama, and inspect the journal if the service failed to restart. Record the selected version in your change log so a later administrator knows whether the host is tracking the current installer or a deliberate pin.
Uninstall Ollama completely
Removal should be deliberate because downloaded models can consume substantial disk space. The official Linux uninstall sequence is:
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- Disable it so it will not return at the next boot.
- Remove the systemd unit and binary.
- Delete downloaded models under
/usr/share/ollama. - Remove the
ollamaservice account and group.
Before deleting the model directory, confirm that no other application needs those files and take any required backup. After removal, check that the unit no longer appears in systemctl status ollama and that port 11434 is no longer listening.
Troubleshoot the failures you are most likely to see
The installer finishes but ollama -v fails
Start a new SSH session to refresh the shell environment. If the command is still missing, review the installer output for an interrupted download or permission error and confirm that the executable was placed where your shell searches. A manual archive from the wrong architecture can produce a similar symptom; compare the archive choice with uname -m.
Systemd reports that the unit does not exist
The service is created only when the installer can configure it and systemd is available. Run sudo systemctl daemon-reload, then check whether /etc/systemd/system/ollama.service exists. On a non-systemd environment, run Ollama under the host’s supported process supervisor or install it manually and create an equivalent supervised service; do not assume that enable can work without systemd.
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The service starts and then stops
Read journalctl -e -u ollama. Common categories are a port already in use, an invalid environment override, insufficient permissions on installation paths, or an accelerator driver that cannot initialize. The unit’s automatic restart has a three-second delay, so repeated failures may appear as a start loop; fix the first error in the journal rather than repeatedly restarting.
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Run nvidia-smi outside Ollama. If it cannot communicate with the device, repair the provider’s CUDA driver or passthrough configuration first. Ollama cannot use a GPU that the operating system does not expose.
AMD acceleration is incomplete
Confirm both the current ROCm stack and the additional Ollama ROCm package. Older kernel AMDGPU support may omit ROCm features; update the AMD Linux driver recommended by the guide and your provider before changing application settings.
A remote client cannot connect
First test curl http://127.0.0.1:11434 on the VPS. If local access fails, fix the service. If local access succeeds, check the OLLAMA_HOST drop-in, restart the unit, verify the listener address with service status and inspect host and cloud firewall rules. A localhost-only listener will reject connections arriving from another server by design.
The model workload exhausts resources
There is no authoritative universal minimum to compare against. Reduce concurrency or context size, choose a model that fits the available memory, move inference to a supported GPU, or resize the VPS. Measure the actual workload rather than inferring capacity from CPU core count or advertised VRAM alone.
Quick Recap
A practical deployment checklist
- Confirm architecture with
uname -mand choose the matching installer or archive. - Install with the official script, or document why your change process requires a manual archive.
- Verify with
ollama -v. - Confirm that
ollama.serviceis enabled and active. - Test the local listener at
127.0.0.1:11434. - For NVIDIA, verify the driver with
nvidia-smi; for AMD, verify the ROCm stack and package. - Keep the API on localhost unless a specific client requires private-network access.
- If exposing it, set
OLLAMA_HOSTthroughsystemctl edit ollama, restrict firewall sources and add authentication through a reverse proxy where appropriate. - Record the installed version and any pinned
OLLAMA_VERSION. - Monitor service logs with
journalctl -e -u ollamaand revisit VPS sizing as model, context and concurrency requirements change.
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