To rotate clips stored in several folders, generate one FFmpeg concat-demuxer playlist containing their full paths in the order you want, then pass that playlist to FFmpeg as a single input. The concat demuxer reads the listed files in sequence; it does not scan folders or decide their order for you. This method is best suited to a fixed sequence of files with matching stream layouts.
Build a playlist from the folders you want to use
A concat-demuxer playlist is a text file with one file directive per media file. Paths can come from different directories, so you can interleave clips from several folders in a single sequence.
file '/media/folder-a/clip-01.mp4'
file '/media/folder-b/clip-02.mp4'
file '/media/folder-a/clip-03.mp4'This illustrates playlist syntax only; it is not a tested command or a complete YouTube Live configuration. Check the syntax for paths, quoting and any concat safety options against your operating system and FFmpeg version before using a generated list.
Choose the order explicitly
The playlist determines playback order. Decide whether your generator should sort paths alphabetically, shuffle them, or follow a separate schedule, then write the selected paths in that order. Folder names do not imply a rotation policy, and the concat demuxer does not scan folders on its own.
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Generate a static list before starting
For a predictable stream, create the list from the files you want to play and supply it to FFmpeg as one input. A precomputed list is different from a folder watcher: the documentation establishes sequential playback of listed files, not reliable discovery of files added later or seamless pickup of edits to a playlist that is already in use. If the selection changes, plan on regenerating the list and restarting the workflow unless you have separately verified another approach with your build.
Check whether the files are compatible
The concat demuxer is a virtual playlist input, not a tool that makes unlike videos uniform. FFmpeg’s documentation requires the files to have the same streams, including codecs and time bases. Differences can cause errors or playback artifacts; timestamp adjustment also does not guarantee gap-free transitions when stream lengths do not align. See the FFmpeg concat demuxer documentation.
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When the files already match
Use the concat demuxer for a fixed sequence when the files have compatible stream layouts and you want to avoid a re-encode. Check representative files, including their audio and video streams, rather than assuming that matching extensions mean matching formats.
When the files differ
FFmpeg’s FAQ identifies the concat filter as the approach when re-encoding is needed. A 2024 FFmpeg-user mailing-list response about files with varied formats, dimensions and aspect ratios advises normalizing or transcoding them to consistent properties first. That is community guidance, not a guarantee for every collection or FFmpeg build; test representative inputs before preparing a long-running stream. See the FFmpeg FAQ and the 2024 mailing-list discussion.
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Separate playlist setup from YouTube Live setup
The playlist answers which files FFmpeg reads and in what order. It does not establish a working YouTube Live output configuration. Ingest address, stream-key use and output recommendations need to be checked against YouTube’s current official instructions; they are not verified by the FFmpeg playlist example above. Before going live, also confirm that your exact FFmpeg build, source audio/video streams and chosen output settings work together.
Likewise, repeating a finite playlist and continually discovering newly added files are separate requirements. The concat-demuxer documentation supports sequential reading of listed files, but does not establish a robust live-refresh mechanism or guarantee 24/7 continuity. Test the complete workflow with the files and environment you intend to use.
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