To assess whether an image was made with generative AI, start with the original file and check for signed Content Credentials. If the likely image provider offers a compatible watermark checker, use that too. Then verify where the image came from and whether its context holds up. A supported signal can document a tool or recorded edit history; no signal does not prove an image is human-made, and no check can establish that the scene depicted is true.
Check the image in this order
- Keep the best available copy. Use the original file rather than a screenshot or social-media preview when possible. Save its source URL and surrounding context. Editing, conversion, and sharing may remove metadata or weaken other signals.
- Inspect its Content Credentials. Use a viewer that reads C2PA Content Credentials, such as the free, open-source C2PA Viewer identified by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services’ Office of Research Integrity. A record may name a creator or tool, give creation or editing information, and describe recorded changes. It is evidence of what participating software signed, not a complete account of everything that happened to the file. Office of Research Integrity: Content Provenance
- Check for a provider-specific watermark if relevant. OpenAI documents checks for supported C2PA credentials and SynthID in images. Its verifier recognizes those supported signals, not every image generator. Read the result as a check for the signals it supports, not as a universal AI verdict. OpenAI content provenance documentation · OpenAI’s public verifier
- Look for platform-provided history. In Google Photos on Android or iOS, open the image’s About panel and look for “How this was made.” For compatible files, credentials may summarize composition, edits, and recorded AI use. Availability depends on file compatibility; the feature is not available on Google Photos Web, and Google says it does not determine whether media is real or fake. Google Photos: How photos and videos were made
- Corroborate the image’s source and claim. Find the earliest known publication and other versions. Check whether reliable sources independently report the event, and compare visible details with trustworthy context. A provenance signal or visual clue should not substitute for this verification.
- Describe what you found precisely. For example: “The file contains a valid credential indicating it was edited with [tool]” or “This checker found no supported signal.” Avoid saying the image is “proved real” or “proved AI.” If the image could affect a consequential decision, seek expert review.
What a check can—and cannot—tell you
| Evidence | What a positive finding supports | What it does not establish |
|---|---|---|
| C2PA Content Credentials | A signed provenance record may document origin and edits recorded by compatible software. | It is not an independent guarantee that the depicted event happened, a complete account of the file’s history, or an explanation of why an edit was made. Missing credentials are inconclusive because metadata can be lost. |
| Embedded watermark, such as SynthID | A compatible provider-specific checker may identify a watermark in supported media. | It does not cover every generator. A negative result may mean the signal is absent, unsupported, stripped, degraded, or from another provider. |
| Context and source corroboration | Independent reporting, earlier versions, and reliable context can support or challenge the image’s accompanying claim. | One search or matching detail is not a guarantee of authenticity. |
| Visual inspection or a generic detector | An unusual feature or detector result can suggest what to investigate next. | A suspicious hand, reflection, shadow, or texture is not proof of AI origin; their absence is not proof of a camera original. The reviewed sources do not establish a reliable consumer-detector accuracy figure. |
C2PA and SynthID are different kinds of signal: C2PA stores signed provenance metadata, while SynthID is embedded in supported media. They have different coverage and failure modes. NIST’s overview treats detection as one approach among several, alongside provenance, watermarking, testing, and auditing—not as a single definitive solution. NIST, Reducing Risks Posed by Synthetic Content (published November 20, 2024; updated April 8, 2026)
Choose a checker that matches the signal
- OpenAI verifier: Checks supported OpenAI provenance signals, including C2PA credentials and SynthID. It does not detect every company’s AI output. OpenAI says submitted files are not stored unless legally required and are not used to train its models; check its current terms before uploading sensitive material. OpenAI verifier
- C2PA Viewer: Inspects Content Credentials. It does not check SynthID or every other watermark. Office of Research Integrity: Content Provenance
- Google Photos: Shows compatible credentials in the mobile app’s About panel under “How this was made.” It is unavailable on Google Photos Web, does not support every file, and does not decide whether a photo is real or fake. Google Photos Help
- Google’s verification and detection announcements: Google has described SynthID verification in Gemini and an AI Content Detection API for organizations. Access, supported content, and rollout can change; check Google’s current announcement for scope. Google: Tools to understand how content was created and edited
Distinguish generated images from AI-edited images
“Made with AI” can describe different histories. An image may be generated from a prompt, captured by a camera and then altered with AI, or be a camera image with no recorded AI use. A credential may record edits without judging whether they were ethical, deceptive, or important to the claim. Describe the evidence you have—such as a recorded edit or a provider-specific watermark—instead of collapsing every case into “fake” or “real.”
Quick Recap
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How to report a finding
- Name the checker and the signals it recognizes.
- Quote the result narrowly: a valid credential indicates a recorded history; “not detected” means only that the checker found no supported signal.
- Keep the original file and source information when possible so others can review the same evidence.
- For high-stakes claims, combine provenance checks with independent source and context verification.
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