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1Clear out junk files and repair common Windows errors2Fix the driver behind crashes, sound loss and screen glitches3Repair Windows errors before they cause bigger problemsdocker-php-ext-install compiles PHP extensions whose source is bundled with an official PHP Docker image. A reliable build checks whether the module is already present, installs the operating-system development libraries it needs, applies any required docker-php-ext-configure flags, and then runs docker-php-ext-install. For extensions distributed through PECL, use pecl install followed by docker-php-ext-enable instead.
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The exact packages and flags depend on the image tag and its Debian or Alpine base. Treat examples as patterns: verify the selected tag, adapt package names, and test the resulting image with php -m.
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What docker-php-ext-install does
docker-php-ext-install is a helper script included in the official PHP Docker images. It builds extensions available in the PHP source shipped with the image and installs them into that image’s PHP runtime. The official images also provide docker-php-ext-configure for custom compilation options and docker-php-ext-enable for turning on an installed shared module.
The command is run during a Docker build, normally in a RUN instruction. It is not a general package manager and it does not download every extension on the PHP ecosystem. The extension must be available in the bundled PHP source, and the compiler must be able to find all required headers and libraries.
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The three helper scripts
docker-php-ext-configure: passes non-default configure arguments before compilation. The documented GD pattern uses it to request FreeType and JPEG support.docker-php-ext-install: compiles and installs one or more extensions from the PHP source included in the official image.docker-php-ext-enable: enables an installed shared module, including a module that was installed through PECL.
Choose and inspect the base image first
Start with an official PHP image tag that matches how the application runs. The common families are cli, apache, and fpm. The tag determines the PHP version, operating-system distribution, available source, package manager, and sometimes the configure options accepted by an extension.
| Image family | Typical role | What to verify before installing extensions |
|---|---|---|
cli |
Command-line PHP workloads | That the command-line runtime is the one used by your application or build jobs |
apache |
PHP with Apache in the image | That the Apache-based runtime is required by the deployment |
fpm |
PHP-FPM runtime, normally behind a separate web server | That the FPM runtime and its PHP version match the production service |
Do not select packages from an example written for a different family without checking the distribution underneath it. Debian-based images use apt-get; Alpine-based images use apk. Library names, development packages, and available build tooling differ between those bases.
Check whether the extension is already installed
Many extensions are already compiled into an official PHP image. Inspect the image before adding a compiler step:
docker run --rm php:8.2-cli php -mReplace the tag with the one used by your Dockerfile. To inspect configuration details as well as the module list, use:
docker run --rm php:8.2-cli php -iInside a Dockerfile, a later verification step can run php -m after installation. If the desired module is already listed, compiling it again adds build time and can create unnecessary image layers. Checking first also prevents troubleshooting a failure that is unrelated to the extension you thought was missing.
The basic Dockerfile workflow
For a core extension with no extra configure flags, the smallest pattern is:
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RUN docker-php-ext-install pdo pdo_mysqlThis example follows the official-image pattern for the pdo and pdo_mysql extensions. It assumes the selected image already contains the build tools and libraries needed by those modules. Other extensions may require operating-system development packages first.
Step 1: select the runtime tag
Use the exact PHP version and image family intended for the application. A Dockerfile based on php:8.2-fpm is not interchangeable with one based on an unrelated version or distribution when you are choosing package names and configure flags.
Step 2: identify the extension source
Determine whether the module is a PHP core extension available to docker-php-ext-install or a PECL extension that needs the PECL installer. Popularity does not determine the correct path; the extension’s source channel does.
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Step 3: install operating-system dependencies
The helper script does not automatically install external development headers and libraries. Add the appropriate packages with the package manager supplied by the base image. Development packages are needed at build time even when the final runtime only needs the resulting PHP module and its runtime libraries.
Step 4: configure optional features
If the extension requires feature flags or non-default paths, run docker-php-ext-configure before installation. The arguments are extension-specific; copying flags from another PHP version or base distribution can fail.
Step 5: compile and install
Run docker-php-ext-install with the extension name. Several core extensions can be listed in one invocation when their dependencies have been installed.
RUN docker-php-ext-install extension_one extension_twoFor a multi-core build, parallel compilation can reduce build time:
RUN docker-php-ext-install -j$(nproc) extension_one extension_two$(nproc) asks the build environment how many processing units are available. Use parallel jobs only when the builder has enough memory and CPU; a constrained CI worker may be more reliable with fewer jobs.
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Step 6: verify the result
Build the image, start a temporary container, and inspect the module list:
docker build -t php-extension-test .
docker run --rm php-extension-test php -mFor a setting or feature that does not appear in the short module list, inspect php -i and search for the extension’s configuration entries.
Installing the GD extension with configure flags
GD demonstrates why dependencies and configuration are separate steps. The official pattern for a PHP 8.2 FPM image installs the FreeType, JPEG, and PNG development libraries, configures GD with FreeType and JPEG support, and then compiles it:
FROM php:8.2-fpm
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y
libfreetype-dev
libjpeg62-turbo-dev
libpng-dev
&& rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
&& docker-php-ext-configure gd --with-freetype --with-jpeg
&& docker-php-ext-install -j$(nproc) gdEach part has a distinct purpose:
apt-get updaterefreshes the package index for the current Debian-based image.apt-get installadds the development files needed to compile GD with the requested image formats.rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*removes the package indexes in the same layer, avoiding needless cache data in the image.docker-php-ext-configure gd --with-freetype --with-jpegrequests the optional GD features before compilation.docker-php-ext-install -j$(nproc) gdbuilds GD using parallel jobs.
Package names and accepted flags can change with the PHP tag and base distribution. If the image is Alpine-based, translate the dependency step to apk packages rather than using Debian names. Do not assume that a package name from the GD example exists on every image.
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Configure, install, and enable are different operations
Confusing the helper scripts is a common cause of failed builds. They operate at different points in the extension lifecycle.
Configure before compiling
Use docker-php-ext-configure when an extension’s build system needs explicit options. For GD, the flags select FreeType and JPEG support. Configuration does not install the extension by itself; it prepares the subsequent compile.
Install a bundled core extension
Use docker-php-ext-install for extensions whose source is included in the official image. It compiles that source against the development libraries present in the build stage.
Enable an installed shared module
Use docker-php-ext-enable after a shared module has been installed and needs an INI entry. Enabling is not a substitute for compiling or installing the module.
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When to use PECL instead
PECL is the documented route for extensions that are not core extensions accepted by docker-php-ext-install. The pattern is:
RUN pecl install <extension>
&& docker-php-ext-enable <extension>Replace <extension> with the actual PECL package name. The build still needs the compiler, PHP development files, and any system libraries required by that extension. PECL installation and module enabling are separate commands because the first obtains and builds the package while the second makes PHP load the resulting shared object.
| Decision point | Core extension path | PECL extension path |
|---|---|---|
| Source | PHP source bundled in the official image | Package obtained through PECL |
| Build command | docker-php-ext-install |
pecl install |
| Configuration | docker-php-ext-configure when flags are required |
Use the PECL package’s supported build options |
| Activation | Install commonly creates the required module files; enable a shared module when needed | docker-php-ext-enable after PECL installation |
| Main compatibility checks | PHP tag, base distribution, headers, libraries, and configure flags | PHP version compatibility, PECL package support, headers, libraries, and enablement |
If a module is not present in the PHP source shipped by the image, repeatedly adding its name to docker-php-ext-install will not make it available. First identify the extension’s supported installation channel.
Debian and Alpine require different dependency steps
The helper scripts are supplied by official PHP images, but the operating-system layer is not identical across tags. Debian-based images use apt-get update and apt-get install; Alpine-based images use apk. The package providing a header or development library can have a different name, and a build dependency available on one base may be absent or split differently on the other.
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- Read the base image family from the tag you selected.
- Find the development package for each library required by the extension on that distribution.
- Install those packages before running configure or install.
- Build the image and treat any missing-header or missing-library message as evidence that a dependency is absent or mismatched.
- Remove package indexes and build-only material according to the image design once compilation is complete.
Do not mix Debian package names with an Alpine image, and do not assume that configure flags are identical across PHP versions. The extension documentation and the official image’s version-specific instructions should be the authority for the final list.
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Keep build layers and runtime images lean
Compilation needs more files than a running PHP process. Compilers, headers, package indexes, and source trees can increase the final image if they are left in the runtime layer.
Clean package indexes in the same layer
In a Debian-based RUN instruction, chain installation and cleanup so the package lists are removed from the same image layer:
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y package-one package-two
&& rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
&& docker-php-ext-install extension_nameCleaning in a later Dockerfile instruction does not remove bytes already stored in an earlier layer.
Use a separate build stage when appropriate
A multi-stage build can compile extensions in a builder image and copy the resulting runtime artifacts into a smaller final image. The exact files to copy depend on the extension and PHP layout, so validate the resulting module with php -m in the final stage. If you manually run docker-php-source extract, remove the extracted source in the same layer after compilation. The normal configure and install helpers handle source extraction for their documented use cases.
Balance size against reproducibility
Removing build-only packages can reduce attack surface and storage, but an aggressively minimized image can be harder to debug. Keep the Dockerfile’s dependency and verification steps clear enough that a rebuild explains which library or flag is required.
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The module is already listed
Run php -m or php -i against the exact image tag. If the module is present, remove the redundant compile step and verify that the application is using that same PHP runtime rather than another container or host installation.
The command cannot find a header or library
This normally means the operating-system development dependency was not installed, the package name belongs to another distribution, or the package was installed after the compile command. Move dependency installation before configure and install, then check the image family and PHP version.
Configure reports an unknown option
Configure flags are extension- and version-specific. Confirm that the flag is supported by the selected PHP tag and that the command names the intended extension. Do not copy an old GD flag set into a newer image without checking its current build instructions.
The extension name is rejected
Check whether the module is a core extension in the bundled PHP source. If it is distributed through PECL, use pecl install and then docker-php-ext-enable. A name being familiar or widely used does not mean it belongs to the core-extension list.
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The build runs out of memory or becomes unstable with parallel jobs
Remove -j$(nproc) or replace it with a smaller fixed job count in the build environment. Parallel compilation is an optimization, not a requirement for a successful installation.
The image is unexpectedly large
Inspect whether package indexes, compilers, development headers, or manually extracted PHP source remain in the runtime image. Keep package-index cleanup in the installation layer, remove manually extracted source in that same layer, or move compilation to a separate build stage.
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Run php -m and inspect php -i inside the final container, not only inside an intermediate build stage. For a shared module, add docker-php-ext-enable after installation. Also confirm that the application process uses the same image and PHP binary you inspected.
A repeatable diagnostic sequence
- Record the exact
FROMtag and determine whether its base is Debian or Alpine. - Run
php -mandphp -iin that image to check for an existing module. - Classify the extension as bundled core source or PECL.
- List the development headers and libraries required by that extension on the selected base.
- Add
docker-php-ext-configureonly when the extension needs non-default options. - Compile with
docker-php-ext-install, optionally using parallel jobs suitable for the builder. - For PECL, install with
pecl installand activate withdocker-php-ext-enable. - Build a clean image, run
php -m, and inspectphp -ifor feature-specific settings. - Review the final layers for package indexes, source trees, and build-only files.
Practical Dockerfile patterns
Several core extensions in an Apache image
FROM php:8.2-apache
RUN docker-php-ext-install pdo pdo_mysqlThis is appropriate when the selected image already supplies the required build environment and the listed modules are available in its bundled PHP source.
One configured core extension in an FPM image
FROM php:8.2-fpm
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y
libfreetype-dev
libjpeg62-turbo-dev
libpng-dev
&& rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
&& docker-php-ext-configure gd --with-freetype --with-jpeg
&& docker-php-ext-install -j$(nproc) gdUse this as a structure for dependency installation, cleanup, configuration, and compilation. Recheck every package and flag when changing the PHP tag or base distribution.
A PECL module
FROM php:8.2-cli
RUN pecl install <extension>
&& docker-php-ext-enable <extension>The placeholder is intentionally a template: substitute the documented PECL package name for the module you need, and add its operating-system dependencies before the command if required.
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1Fix the driver behind crashes, sound loss and screen glitches2Repair Windows errors before they cause bigger problems3Scan for outdated or missing drivers - takes under a minuteWhat a successful build should prove
A green Docker build proves only that the image layers completed. The useful acceptance check is inside the final image: php -m should list the expected module, while php -i should show the requested feature settings when the extension has optional capabilities. Test the same image that will run in production so that a build-stage module is not mistaken for a runtime module.
Once the module is confirmed, keep the Dockerfile tied to the chosen PHP tag, document why each system library and configure flag exists, and revisit the dependency list whenever the tag or distribution changes. That discipline prevents most failures attributed to docker-php-ext-install itself.
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