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Before you start
You need a video file, FFmpeg installed on an always-on computer, an eligible YouTube channel with access to Live Control Room, and a stable internet connection with enough upload capacity. The file’s codecs and your computer’s capabilities are unknown, so inspect the file and check your local FFmpeg build before settling on copy or re-encode settings.
- Check FFmpeg with
ffmpeg -version. Consultffmpeg -h fullor the relevant local help if an option is unavailable in your build. - Inspect the input with
ffprobe input.mp4. Note its video and audio codecs, dimensions, frame rate, and whether it contains an audio stream. - Confirm that you have the rights to stream the specific video, audio recording, lyrics, and arrangement. The ability to rebroadcast a file does not grant those rights.
Create a YouTube Live stream and protect its key
- Open YouTube Studio and go to Live Control Room. Create or schedule a live stream.
- Copy the server URL and stream key shown for the stream into your encoder setup. Prefer the RTMPS endpoint when your FFmpeg build and YouTube stream setup support it.
- Treat the stream key like a password. Do not publish it in a script, screenshot, or public repository. If it is exposed, reset it in Live Control Room.
YouTube’s live-stream setup guidance covers encoder settings and monitoring: YouTube Help: Live encoder settings, bitrates, and resolutions. Its stream-key guidance is in YouTube Help: Create and manage your YouTube live streams.
Choose how FFmpeg handles the file
Re-encode when compatibility or control matters
Re-encoding lets you set a supported video codec, frame rate, bitrate, pixel format, and audio format. It uses CPU or GPU resources and can change the source’s quality. The example below uses H.264 at 30 fps, with a two-second keyframe interval, and a 6 Mbps video target. YouTube’s current recommended H.264 bitrate for 720p30 is 3 Mbps minimum and 8 Mbps recommended; the example target falls within that range, but is not a universal recommendation for other resolutions or frame rates.
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Stream-copy only when the source already fits
Using -c copy can reduce encoding work, but only use it if the source’s codecs and stream parameters are compatible with YouTube ingest and no transformation is needed. The source file has not been inspected here. Copy mode cannot use the re-encoding settings in the example; remove encoder options and any filters or transformations if you use it.
FFmpeg command template for looping the video
Replace input.mp4 with your file and replace the output placeholder with the exact RTMPS server URL and stream key from YouTube Studio. Keep the completed command private if it contains the key.
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ffmpeg -stream_loop -1 -re -i "input.mp4"
-map 0:v:0 -map 0:a?
-c:v libx264 -preset veryfast -tune zerolatency
-pix_fmt yuv420p -r 30 -g 60 -keyint_min 60 -sc_threshold 0
-b:v 6M -maxrate 6M -bufsize 12M
-c:a aac -b:a 128k -ar 44100 -ac 2
-f flv "<YouTube RTMPS server URL>/<stream key>"-stream_loop -1 repeats the input indefinitely. -re reads it at its native rate, which is useful when sending a file as a live-like feed. Both are input options and therefore appear before -i. -map 0:a? makes the audio mapping optional, but it does not create silence if the source has no audio track. Check the output in Live Control Room; if a reliable audio track is required, deliberately add or configure one rather than assuming this mapping will provide it.
Set bitrate, frame rate, and keyframes to fit the source
YouTube recommends RTMP or RTMPS ingest, CBR, a two-second keyframe interval, and no more than four seconds between keyframes. It recommends AAC or MP3 audio for RTMP/RTMPS; its advanced live encoder settings list 128 Kbps stereo audio as a recommendation, not a universal requirement. The recommended video bitrate depends on codec, resolution, and frame rate, so consult YouTube’s current table rather than carrying the example’s 6 Mbps value into every setup.
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| Setting | Example value | How to adapt it |
|---|---|---|
| Video codec | H.264 via libx264 |
Use a codec accepted by YouTube ingest. Re-encode if the source is incompatible. |
| Frame rate and GOP | 30 fps; -g 60 -keyint_min 60 |
At 30 fps, 60 frames is a two-second GOP. Recalculate the GOP for your output frame rate to preserve the two-second interval. |
| Video bitrate | 6 Mbps target | This is within YouTube’s current recommended H.264 range for 720p30 only. Choose a value from the current table for your actual codec, resolution, and frame rate. |
| Audio | AAC, 128 Kbps, 44.1 kHz, stereo | Check that the input has audio and that the output audio codec is accepted. YouTube lists 128 Kbps stereo as a recommended advanced setting. |
| Transport | RTMPS over FLV output | Use the endpoint supplied by Live Control Room and an FFmpeg build that supports it. |
See YouTube’s current live encoder settings and bitrate table at YouTube Help. FFmpeg documents input looping and real-time input pacing in its command-line documentation; its protocol documentation describes RTMPS as RTMP over SSL at FFmpeg Protocols.
Test the stream before relying on it
- Start the FFmpeg command and check its logs for connection or encoding errors.
- In Live Control Room, confirm YouTube receives the feed and inspect stream-health messages.
- Check both moving video and audible sound in the preview. A running FFmpeg process alone does not prove the audience can see or hear the stream.
- Do a pre-stream test before scheduling a long broadcast. YouTube recommends testing the encoder and monitoring stream health.
Troubleshoot common problems
YouTube shows no ingest or preview
- Recheck the server URL and key against Live Control Room; a typo or stale key can prevent ingest.
- Confirm the stream is created or started as configured in Live Control Room, then review its health messages.
- Check FFmpeg logs and confirm the local build supports the chosen protocol. A successful local process is not proof that viewers receive the broadcast.
Audio is missing
- Run
ffprobe input.mp4and verify that an audio stream exists. - Confirm the command maps that stream and encodes it in an accepted format, such as AAC or MP3 for RTMP/RTMPS.
- If the file has no audio, the optional map in the example does not add a silent track. Make an intentional audio-track choice and test the result in the preview.
Playback stutters or the computer is overloaded
- Check CPU capacity and connection stability. A higher resolution or bitrate needs more encoding capacity and upload bandwidth.
- Try a faster encoder preset or a lower output resolution and bitrate, staying within YouTube’s recommended range for the selected codec and frame rate.
- Test the revised settings before the actual broadcast; no setting can be guaranteed without knowing the computer and network.
The loop appears to fail at the boundary
Inspect FFmpeg logs and check the file’s timestamps and codec parameters. Input looping does not guarantee that every file will transition cleanly. An individual 2022 FFmpeg-user mailing-list post described a long-run issue with a similar loop command, but that account does not establish a universal failure or fix: FFmpeg-user mailing list, October 2022.
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The stream stops after a connection or process failure
An infinite input loop repeats the file; it does not restart FFmpeg after a crash or repair a network outage. For unattended operation, you need an always-on computer plus a way to monitor and restart the process, or a suitable hosted setup. A local computer must remain powered on, connected, and running FFmpeg for the broadcast to continue.
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