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To run your own nameservers with VestaCP, create two child (glue) hostnames such as ns1.yourdomain.com and ns2.yourdomain.com at your registrar, point both to the public IP address of the VestaCP server, delegate your domain to those hostnames, and then make VestaCP use the same names in its DNS zone and package settings. The registrar creates the parent-side glue; VestaCP serves the authoritative zones after delegation.
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The two sides must match exactly. A typo, a disabled DNS service in VestaCP, or a package that still contains different nameservers can leave a domain delegated to servers that do not answer for it. The procedure below separates registrar work from VestaCP configuration so you can verify each dependency before moving on.
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What custom nameservers do in a VestaCP setup
A custom or vanity nameserver is a hostname under a domain you control, for example ns1.yourdomain.com and ns2.yourdomain.com. When another domain is delegated to those hostnames, recursive DNS resolvers ask the VestaCP server for that domain’s authoritative records.
Because the nameserver hostnames are inside a domain that may itself depend on DNS, the registrar must publish their IP addresses as child nameserver (also called glue or host) records. This is separate from adding ordinary records inside a VestaCP DNS zone. The parent registry needs the IP address before it can find your server.
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Vesta Control Panel’s official nameserver guidance summarizes the requirement this way: “If you want to manage DNS zones using Vesta Control Panel, you will have to create 2 dns records, point them to server IP address and use them as a nameservers for the domain.” The basic example uses both nameserver hostnames on the VestaCP server’s public IP. That is simple to operate, but it is not redundant; a failure of that server or network path affects both nameservers.
Before you start
- A domain that you control at a registrar.
- A VestaCP installation with a stable public IP address. Record the exact address you intend to publish.
- Two hostnames under your domain, normally
ns1.yourdomain.comandns2.yourdomain.com. - Access to the registrar’s area for registering private, child, host, or glue nameservers. The label differs between registrars.
- VestaCP administrator or user access sufficient to add a domain, edit DNS settings, edit the default package, and run the listed command-line tools if needed.
Choose the names and IP first. Changing them after delegation means updating the registrar’s host objects, the domain delegation, VestaCP’s package and zones, and potentially every hosted domain that uses those values.
Set up the nameservers step by step
1. Choose the nameserver hostnames and server address
Use two hostnames beneath a domain you own. The conventional pair is ns1.yourdomain.com and ns2.yourdomain.com, but other labels work if they are consistent everywhere. Write down the public IPv4 address assigned to the VestaCP server. If your design includes additional addresses or an external secondary DNS service, document that as a separate architecture; the standard VestaCP example points both hostnames to the server IP.
2. Register child or glue hosts at the registrar
Open the registrar’s domain-management area and look for a function named Register nameserver, Private nameservers, Host records, Child nameservers, or Glue records. Create two host objects:
| Host label | Full hostname | Address |
|---|---|---|
ns1 |
ns1.yourdomain.com |
VestaCP server public IP |
ns2 |
ns2.yourdomain.com |
VestaCP server public IP |
Some registrars ask for only the short label (ns1), while others require the complete hostname. Enter the form exactly as that registrar specifies. Save both objects and confirm that each one displays the intended IP. Creating ordinary DNS A records in a zone does not replace this registrar-level step when the nameserver names are children of the delegated domain.
3. Delegate the nameserver domain at the registrar
In the same registrar, change the authoritative nameservers for yourdomain.com to:
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ns1.yourdomain.comns2.yourdomain.com
Use the exact spelling of the host objects you created. Do not add an IP address in the nameserver delegation fields unless the registrar specifically presents a separate glue workflow; delegation normally uses hostnames, while the child records carry their addresses.
4. Add the nameserver domain to VestaCP
Sign in to VestaCP and add yourdomain.com as a domain. Leave DNS Support enabled. Then open the DNS section, edit that domain, and select the child-ns template. The template tells VestaCP to generate the zone in the form expected for a domain that supplies its own child nameservers.
Check the resulting zone for the two nameserver hostnames and for records that point them to the server address. The names must match the registrar entries character for character. If you add the domain with DNS Support disabled, VestaCP will not manage the authoritative zone even though the registrar delegation appears correct.
5. Set the default package nameservers
Open Packages, edit the default package, and set its nameserver fields to ns1.yourdomain.com and ns2.yourdomain.com. These values become the defaults available to domains assigned to that package. They must be the same hostnames used in the registrar’s child records and in the VestaCP DNS zone.
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Package settings and an individual domain’s generated zone are related but not interchangeable. If a domain continues to show old nameservers, inspect that domain’s configuration and generated records rather than assuming a package edit changed every existing zone.
6. Delegate each hosted domain
For every additional domain you want VestaCP to host, open that domain’s registrar account and replace its authoritative nameservers with the two custom hostnames. The child records only need to be registered under the nameserver domain; you do not create a new pair of glue hosts for every customer domain. Each hosted domain does, however, need its own VestaCP DNS zone and correct delegation.
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7. Allow DNS changes to propagate
VestaCP’s official guide notes that DNS records may take up to 24 hours to start working after setup. During that window, different recursive resolvers can return old or new delegation data. Test from more than one network and avoid changing several variables at once while caches expire.
What must agree across the registrar and VestaCP
Use this consistency check before diagnosing a more complex failure:
| Layer | Required value | What to inspect |
|---|---|---|
| Registrar child hosts | ns1.yourdomain.com and ns2.yourdomain.com mapped to the VestaCP public IP |
Private, child, host, or glue nameserver screen |
| Parent-domain delegation | The same two complete hostnames | Authoritative nameserver fields for yourdomain.com |
| VestaCP domain | Nameserver domain added with DNS Support enabled | Domain settings and DNS section |
| VestaCP template | child-ns |
DNS-domain edit screen |
| Package defaults | The same two nameserver hostnames | Packages → default → nameserver fields |
A mismatch at any one layer can produce intermittent or complete resolution failures. Correct the source of the mismatch first, then allow caches to update.
Use the VestaCP command line to inspect and rebuild configuration
The VestaCP command-line reference provides separate tools for listing nameservers, changing user defaults, creating DNS domains, inspecting records, and rebuilding generated DNS configuration. Run them with the appropriate account and domain values for your installation.
List a user’s configured nameservers
Use:
v-list-user-ns USERThis is useful for checking whether the account’s current values match the registrar delegation and the package defaults. Replace USER with the VestaCP username.
Change a user’s nameservers
Use:
v-change-user-ns USER NS1 NS2For the example pair, the final arguments would be ns1.yourdomain.com and ns2.yourdomain.com. Confirm the result with v-list-user-ns rather than relying only on the command’s completion message.
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Create a DNS domain with nameserver values
Use:
v-add-dns-domain USER DOMAIN IP [NS1] [NS2] ...The required arguments identify the VestaCP user, domain, and address. The optional nameserver arguments let you provide the NS hostnames when creating the zone. Keep the values identical to the ones registered at the registrar.
Inspect DNS records
Use:
v-list-dns-recordsUse the output to verify that the expected zone and nameserver-related records were generated. If your installation’s command accepts additional filters or identifiers, apply the syntax documented for that version rather than guessing flags.
Rebuild generated DNS domains
Use:
v-rebuild-dns-domainsThis is appropriate after correcting templates or other generated configuration. VestaCP documents its templates in /usr/local/vesta/data/templates/. A template change is not complete until the affected user configuration has been rebuilt and the generated result has been checked.
Verification workflow after setup
Check the registrar objects first
- Both child or glue objects exist.
- Both point to the intended public IP address.
- The hostnames contain no spelling, punctuation, or domain-suffix difference.
If either child object is absent, a resolver may be unable to find the server even when VestaCP’s local zone looks correct.
Check delegation second
Confirm that the parent domain is delegated to the exact two hostnames, not to an older pair or to a hostname with a missing prefix. Delegation is a registrar-side setting; editing VestaCP cannot correct a delegation that still points elsewhere.
Check VestaCP DNS support and template
Confirm that yourdomain.com was added with DNS Support enabled and that its DNS-domain configuration uses child-ns. Then inspect the generated records with the listing command. A disabled DNS service or the wrong template can prevent VestaCP from serving the records that the delegation expects.
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Check package and user values
Compare the default package and the relevant user output from v-list-user-ns USER. Any old hostname should be treated as a configuration mismatch until you determine which domain or package is supplying it.
Rebuild only after correcting the source
If a template or generated configuration was changed, run v-rebuild-dns-domains and inspect the resulting records. Rebuilding cannot fix incorrect registrar glue or delegation; it only regenerates VestaCP’s side.
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The nameserver hostnames are registered, but domains do not resolve
Start with the child records and public IP. A host object pointing to a private address, an old server address, or only one of the two nameserver labels leaves the parent unable to reach the intended service. Correct both objects before changing VestaCP settings.
The domain is delegated to a slightly different name
Compare every character in the registrar delegation, the package, the zone, and the command-line output. Differences such as ns1 versus ns01, or a nameserver under a different domain, are separate hostnames.
VestaCP contains the domain but does not answer authoritatively
Check that DNS Support was enabled when the domain was added, select the child-ns template, and inspect the generated records. Rebuild the DNS domains if a template was changed. If the server’s DNS service itself is not running, resolve that service issue separately; the registrar settings cannot make an inactive service answer.
New domains inherit unexpected nameservers
Inspect the default package and the user’s nameserver values. Update the package to the exact custom hostnames, then check the individual domain’s generated configuration. Existing zones may require their own review rather than an assumption that a package edit retroactively rewrote them.
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This matches the basic VestaCP example and is operationally simple, but it does not provide server or network redundancy. If availability requirements call for multiple server IPs or an external secondary DNS service, design and document that arrangement separately. Do not publish a second nameserver hostname unless it actually has an authoritative service behind it.
Choosing an operating model
| Decision | Registrar-managed child records and one VestaCP server | External or redundant DNS design |
|---|---|---|
| Where glue is created | At the registrar for both child hostnames | Still at the registrar for any in-domain nameserver; additional providers have their own onboarding steps |
| Server layout | Both nameserver hostnames point to the VestaCP server IP in the basic example | Nameserver addresses are distributed across independently operated servers or a secondary service |
| Configuration work | VestaCP UI, package settings, and its CLI tools | VestaCP plus the external DNS provider’s zone and transfer or synchronization process |
| Main benefit | Few moving parts and one place to manage hosted zones | Better resilience when one server, network, or maintenance event is unavailable |
| Main risk | A single failure affects both advertised nameservers | More configuration, ownership, monitoring, and change coordination |
Use the one-server procedure when simplicity is the priority and its single point of failure is acceptable. Move to a redundant design only when you can operate and verify the additional authoritative service; adding nameserver labels without independent service does not create redundancy.
Changing nameservers later
Plan a change as a coordinated sequence:
- Create or update the registrar’s child host objects with the new IP addresses.
- Update VestaCP’s domain, template, package, and user values to the new hostnames.
- Use
v-list-user-nsandv-list-dns-recordsto verify generated configuration. - Run
v-rebuild-dns-domainsif templates or generated files changed. - Delegate domains to the new hostnames at their registrars.
- Keep the old authoritative service available while caches and delegations transition, then remove it only after you have verified that the new service answers for every hosted domain.
Changing only one layer creates a split configuration: the parent may direct queries to a hostname that VestaCP does not publish, or VestaCP may publish names that no registrar delegation uses.
Quick Recap
Practical checklist
- Two hostnames chosen under a domain you control.
- Both child/glue objects registered at the registrar.
- Both child objects mapped to the intended public VestaCP IP.
- The nameserver domain delegated to those exact hostnames.
- The domain added in VestaCP with DNS Support enabled.
- The
child-nsDNS template selected. - The
defaultpackage configured with the same names. - Each hosted domain delegated to the pair.
- CLI listings reviewed and generated DNS rebuilt after template changes.
- Up to 24 hours allowed for DNS changes to appear consistently.
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