Use a webhook to let your streaming provider notify your application when a live stream changes state. Your server receives an HTTP POST at a configured HTTPS endpoint, verifies that the request is authentic, records the event, and quickly acknowledges it. Put slow follow-up work in a queue, and make event handling safe to repeat because providers may retry or duplicate deliveries.
The details are provider-specific. Mux’s live-stream lifecycle and Twitch EventSub use different event meanings, callback requirements, and verification protocols; implement against the documentation for the provider you actually use.
What a live-stream webhook does
A webhook is an HTTP callback sent by a service when an asynchronous event occurs. Instead of repeatedly polling an API to ask whether a stream has changed state, your application exposes a URL and the provider sends an HTTP POST when an event occurs. Your app can then update a database, change a viewer-facing status, or enqueue follow-on work.
For example, Mux recommends webhooks for tracking asset status rather than polling the Asset API. That recommendation concerns asset status; it does not mean every provider or every live-stream state should be handled identically. See Mux’s webhook guide and its live-streaming guide.
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Set up a webhook endpoint
- Choose the provider and events. List the application actions that depend on stream state, then select the relevant event types. Keep live lifecycle events separate from upload or asset-processing events.
- Expose a reachable HTTPS route. Configure the callback URL in the provider’s dashboard or API, and ensure your production server can receive requests at that route. Mux webhook endpoints are scoped to an environment, so the webhook and the live-stream resources must belong to the same environment.
- Save the signing secret securely. Use the provider’s documented signature procedure to verify requests before trusting their contents. For Mux, the create response includes the signing secret once; later list and retrieve calls do not return it. Store it securely when creating the endpoint. Mux’s management guide says the API requires System permissions: reads use
system:read, while creating, updating, and deleting usesystem:write. See Mux’s webhook management guide. - Verify, parse, and deduplicate. Verify authenticity before acting on the event, then parse its type and identifier. Store processed event or message IDs, where provided, so a retry does not repeat a non-idempotent action.
- Acknowledge promptly. Return the provider’s expected successful response after safely recording or queueing the event. Do not wait for slow notifications, media work, or other follow-up tasks to finish in the webhook request.
- Test before production. Exercise verification challenges, ordinary notifications, invalid signatures, retries, and duplicate delivery. Configure and verify the production endpoint separately from local forwarding.
Handle Mux live-stream lifecycle events
Mux’s event names distinguish resource creation, encoder connection, stream readiness, and eventual idling. Map them to your own application states rather than treating every event as simply “live” or “ended.” The event names and meanings below are documented in the Mux webhook guide and Mux webhook reference.
| Mux event | Meaning for your application |
|---|---|
video.live_stream.created |
The live-stream resource was created; this does not mean an encoder is sending video. |
video.live_stream.connected |
The encoder connected. |
video.live_stream.recording |
Mux has processed initial frames and recording has started. |
video.live_stream.active |
The stream is playable. Before it becomes active, an HLS playback request may return HTTP 412. |
video.live_stream.disconnected |
The encoder disconnected, but the stream remains active during its reconnect window. Do not treat this alone as a final end-of-stream signal. |
video.live_stream.idle |
The reconnect window expired and the stream status moved to idle. |
Track simulcast targets separately
If your application reports multi-destination broadcasts, Mux also emits target-specific events, including video.live_stream.simulcast_target.broadcasting and video.live_stream.simulcast_target.errored. Use these to represent each destination’s status instead of collapsing all destinations into one stream status.
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Verify requests and meet delivery requirements
Webhook URLs are public internet routes. Treat the incoming request as untrusted until it passes the provider’s verification process. Preserve the exact raw request body if the provider’s signature scheme depends on it; parsing and reserializing JSON first can change the bytes used for verification.
Twitch EventSub callback verification
Twitch EventSub’s handler guide specifies HMAC-SHA256 over the message ID, message timestamp, and raw request body concatenated in that order, using the secret supplied during subscription. Compare signatures using a time-safe comparison and return a 4XX response when verification fails. These details are Twitch-specific, not a general webhook format. See Twitch’s EventSub handler guide.
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Twitch requires an SSL callback listening on port 443. When a subscription is created, Twitch sends a webhook_callback_verification message; respond with HTTP 200 and the raw challenge string as the response body. Notification requests should be acknowledged within a few seconds. If processing takes longer, put the event in temporary storage or a queue, return 2XX, and continue asynchronously. Twitch can revoke a subscription after too many slow responses.
Mux retries and duplicate delivery
Mux gives an individual webhook attempt 5 seconds before timing out. Unsuccessful deliveries are retried over the next 24 hours with increasing delay, and Mux warns that duplicate deliveries can occur even after a 2XX response. Therefore, a successful response does not establish exactly-once processing: use idempotent updates and deduplication. See Mux’s webhook guide.
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Test locally, then confirm production delivery
Mux’s CLI can forward events to a local endpoint, replay events retained from listen sessions, and trigger synthetic events without creating real resources. The documentation describes CLI forwarding as a local-development aid without delivery guarantees; production delivery requires an endpoint configured in the Dashboard. A tunnel such as ngrok can also expose a local route for testing. Twitch’s CLI can test challenge and notification handling. Passing a local test is not proof that the production callback is configured or receiving events. See the Mux webhook guide and Twitch handler guide.
Independent reader supportYour contribution helps us test, update, and keep practical guides available for everyone.How Mux and Twitch differ
| Implementation detail | Mux | Twitch EventSub |
|---|---|---|
| Event model | Includes live-stream lifecycle states such as connected, active, disconnected, and idle; endpoints are environment-scoped. | Uses EventSub message types including callback verification, notifications, and revocations. |
| Callback requirements | Configure an endpoint in the Dashboard or Webhooks API; match its environment to the resources. | Callback must use SSL and listen on port 443. |
| Request verification | Use Mux’s documented signature scheme and the endpoint’s signing secret. | HMAC-SHA256 over message ID, timestamp, and raw body, in that order, with the subscription secret. |
| Timing and delivery behavior | Each attempt times out after 5 seconds; unsuccessful deliveries are retried over the next 24 hours with increasing delay; duplicates may occur even after 2XX. | Acknowledge notifications within a few seconds; excessive slow responses can lead to subscription revocation. |
| Local testing | CLI forwarding, replay, and synthetic events; forwarding is for local development and has no delivery guarantees. | CLI can test challenge and notification handling. |
These are separate protocols, not interchangeable recipes. Consult the selected provider’s current documentation for its event definitions, authentication, response expectations, retries, and test tools.
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Troubleshoot common webhook failures
- No events arrive: Confirm the callback URL is publicly reachable over HTTPS and configured for the correct provider environment or subscription. For Mux, verify that the webhook and stream resources share an environment.
- Signature validation fails: Check that you use the correct provider secret and documented algorithm. For Twitch, verify the original raw body and the exact message ID–timestamp–body order before computing HMAC-SHA256.
- Twitch subscription does not verify: Handle
webhook_callback_verificationby returning HTTP 200 with the raw challenge string, and check the SSL callback on port 443. - Provider retries or stops delivering: Return the expected success response promptly after recording or queueing work. Slow synchronous processing can exceed delivery deadlines; Twitch may revoke after too many slow responses.
- Your app repeats an action: Expect duplicate deliveries. Persist event IDs and make state changes idempotent rather than assuming one request per event.
- Viewers are told a Mux stream ended too early: Treat
video.live_stream.disconnectedas a reconnect-window state, not the same asvideo.live_stream.idle. - A local test works but production does not: Local forwarding is not production delivery verification. Confirm the production endpoint is configured in the provider’s Dashboard or API and check its delivery logs.
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