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For YouTube Live, set bitrate, codec, and keyframe interval in the encoder that creates the video—not in MediaMTX’s normal forwarding configuration. Use CBR, choose the bitrate for your actual codec, resolution, and frame rate, and set keyframes every 2 seconds. YouTube says not to exceed 4 seconds. MediaMTX then forwards the encoded stream to the current RTMPS URL and stream key from YouTube Live Control Room.
What MediaMTX controls—and what the encoder controls
MediaMTX is a live media server and proxy: it routes streams between protocols and can forward a stream to another server. In the usual YouTube forwarding setup, its path configuration specifies a destination URL and stream key. It does not provide a global YouTube bitrate or keyframe control for every forwarded stream.
Set the video encoding parameters in the upstream encoder, such as OBS or another device or software producing the stream. MediaMTX’s current configuration reference, identified as v1.21.1, does list camera-specific options such as rpiCameraBitrate and rpiCameraIDRPeriod; those apply to its Raspberry Pi camera source, not universally to forwarded video. See the MediaMTX configuration reference and its YouTube forwarding guide.
YouTube encoder settings to use
YouTube’s current encoder guidance for RTMP/RTMPS lists H.264, H.265 (HEVC), or AV1 video at up to 60 fps, CBR, and AAC or MP3 audio. YouTube recommends RTMPS for encryption in transit. Set the keyframe frequency to 2 seconds; YouTube says not to exceed 4 seconds. For HDR over RTMP(S), YouTube recommends H.265 and says AV1 is not supported for HDR. Check YouTube’s live encoder settings for updates.
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Recommended bitrate by codec, resolution, and frame rate
The figures below are YouTube’s recommended targets in Mbps. Use the column matching the video codec actually sent to YouTube and the row matching the output resolution and frame rate.
| Output | AV1 or H.265 | H.264 |
|---|---|---|
| 2160p at 60 fps | 35 Mbps | 50 Mbps |
| 2160p at 30 fps | 30 Mbps | 42 Mbps |
| 1440p at 60 fps | 24 Mbps | 34 Mbps |
| 1440p at 30 fps | 15 Mbps | 21 Mbps |
| 1080p at 60 fps | 12 Mbps | 17 Mbps |
| 1080p at 30 fps | 10 Mbps | 14 Mbps |
| 720p at 60 fps | 6 Mbps | 8 Mbps |
| 720p at 30 fps | 6 Mbps | 8 Mbps |
These are recommended targets, not minimums. For context, YouTube’s table gives minimums of 4 Mbps for AV1/H.265 and 6 Mbps for H.264 at 1080p60; at 1080p30, the minimums are 4 Mbps and 5 Mbps respectively. Do not confuse those minimums with recommended targets. If your encoder or stable upload connection cannot sustain the recommended target, lower the output resolution or frame rate, or choose a lower supported bitrate and test it. The bitrate table is based on codec, resolution, and frame rate—not a single universal setting.
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Configure the encoder before forwarding
- Identify the outgoing format. In the encoder, confirm the codec, output resolution, and frame rate that will reach YouTube. Use those exact values to select a bitrate row and column.
- Set rate control and bitrate. Choose CBR and enter the corresponding YouTube recommended target if your connection can reliably sustain it. Otherwise reduce resolution or frame rate and select the matching target rather than keeping an unstable high output.
- Set keyframe interval. Configure a 2-second interval in the encoder. Do not exceed 4 seconds. The setting may be labelled keyframe interval, keyframe frequency, or GOP interval, depending on the encoder.
- Include audio. Send an audio track as well as video. YouTube lists AAC or MP3 audio for RTMP/RTMPS. MediaMTX warns that YouTube silently rejects video-only streams.
- Check the ingest protocol. Use RTMPS for the YouTube forwarding destination. If your upstream publishing leg also needs encryption, configure that separately; MediaMTX documents RTMPS support with TLS requirements.
Set MediaMTX’s YouTube forwarding destination
MediaMTX’s documented pattern puts the destination under the path’s forward list. The key follows a # in the example:
paths:
mypath:
forward:
- dest: rtmps://a.rtmp.youtube.com/live2#streamKey
This is the documented configuration pattern, not a guarantee that YouTube’s endpoint text will never change. MediaMTX notes that its quoted URL was the one YouTube reported when its documentation was updated and advises checking YouTube. Get the current RTMPS URL and stream key from YouTube Live Control Room, enter them in your configuration, and keep the key private. Do not copy the example key as a real credential.
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For an OBS-to-MediaMTX publishing leg, MediaMTX documents OBS as an RTMP or WebRTC client and recommends RTMP. That is the upstream connection to MediaMTX; the separate downstream forwarding destination is MediaMTX to YouTube. See the MediaMTX YouTube guide and MediaMTX OBS publishing guide.
Preflight the stream before going live
- Start a private or otherwise controlled test with representative movement and audio.
- Check YouTube Live Control Room for stream health, warnings, and whether both audio and video are arriving.
- Confirm the current URL and key, then check protocol, codec, CBR, bitrate, and keyframe interval if YouTube does not accept or report the stream correctly.
- Run a speed test and verify the upload connection is stable at the selected output rate. YouTube advises testing before a live stream with audio and video movement similar to the planned broadcast.
Keep YouTube’s stream health messages open during the test rather than treating a successful MediaMTX forward as proof that the encoded stream meets YouTube’s requirements.
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Troubleshoot rejected or unhealthy streams
- YouTube does not receive a usable stream: Confirm the URL and stream key are current in Live Control Room, and check that the destination uses the right RTMPS address.
- The stream is silently rejected: Verify that both audio and video tracks are present. A video-only stream is a known failure case in MediaMTX’s YouTube instructions.
- Stream health reports encoding or delivery trouble: Check the actual outgoing codec, resolution, and frame rate; use the corresponding bitrate target; and verify CBR and the 2-second keyframe setting. A target beyond stable upload capacity can also make delivery unreliable.
- Settings appear missing in MediaMTX: Configure bitrate and keyframe interval in the encoder. The Raspberry Pi camera-specific bitrate and IDR period options in MediaMTX’s configuration reference are not general controls for forwarded streams.
- OBS reaches MediaMTX but YouTube does not: Treat the OBS-to-MediaMTX publishing connection and MediaMTX-to-YouTube forwarding as separate legs. Check the forward destination and YouTube ingest requirements independently.
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If your goal is a YouTube channel that stays live 24/7 from uploaded videos, StreamNeo is a different option from configuring MediaMTX: upload a recording or build a playlist, add your YouTube stream key once, and go live. The cloud keeps it running, so nothing has to stay on at home. Each slot streams the uploaded file as made, up to 4K 60fps, at one flat price per slot; it automatically recovers if YouTube drops the stream. The first day is free with no card. Monthly pricing is $9.99 per month. It is for uploaded-video YouTube streams, not camera broadcasting. Learn more at StreamNeo, or start the free first day.
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