SRS can receive a live feed from FFmpeg or OBS, but its example RTMP publish URL is an SRS input address—not YouTube’s destination. To relay through SRS, you need a separate, version-appropriate forwarding configuration plus the RTMPS URL and stream key supplied by YouTube Live Control Room. The official SRS examples establish basic ingest and file looping, not a complete production-ready YouTube relay, so verify forwarding syntax for the exact SRS release you deploy.
Understand the two connections before configuring anything
In an SRS relay, the encoder and YouTube are on separate sides of the server:
- Into SRS: FFmpeg or OBS publishes to an SRS ingest address. The SRS RTMP documentation uses
rtmp://localhost/live/livestreamas an example. That address is for publishing to SRS, not to YouTube. SRS v5 RTMP documentation - From SRS to YouTube: SRS must forward the received stream to the destination URL and key shown in YouTube Live Control Room. YouTube’s endpoint and key are not interchangeable with the SRS ingest address. YouTube: Manage live stream settings
First decide whether you actually need SRS. If your encoder can publish directly to YouTube, configure it with YouTube’s endpoint and key. If your workflow requires an intermediary, such as a shared ingest point for encoders, configure SRS as a relay—but do not guess at forwarding directives or combine the local SRS URL with the YouTube key.
The official SRS pages available for this workflow do not establish a complete, release-specific SRS-to-YouTube forwarding configuration, destination URL construction, or universally correct relay behavior. Check the current project documentation for the release you select before using a copy-and-paste relay config.
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Check the SRS version and deployment path
The SRS v5 RTMP page is marked archived, while the v7 RTMP page is marked unstable. The Docker getting-started page demonstrates an ossrs/srs:5 image, but an example command does not by itself identify the recommended production release. Choose and pin a version using the project’s current release guidance; do not assume syntax from one version applies to another.
SRS documents starting from a config file, checking status and logs, and publishing with FFmpeg or OBS. Its v5 page shows ./objs/srs -c conf/rtmp.conf as a minimal run example. The current Docker guide also demonstrates running SRS in a container and publishing a looping sample file. These are useful for establishing a basic SRS ingest path, not a complete YouTube relay or unattended 24/7 deployment. SRS v5 RTMP documentation · SRS Docker getting started · SRS v7 RTMP documentation
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One SRS v7 setting deserves particular care: its documentation describes an idle-publisher timeout and warns that it conflicts with forwarding. Avoid enabling idle-kick behavior until you understand its effect on the relay configuration and have tested it.
Get YouTube’s ingest address and protect the key
- Open YouTube Live Control Room and create or select the live stream you intend to use.
- Copy the stream URL and stream key provided for that stream. YouTube recommends RTMPS; if the control room initially shows ordinary RTMP, follow its instructions to reveal and copy the RTMPS URL. YouTube: Use RTMPS for live streaming
- Put the YouTube URL and key in the destination fields of the component that sends the stream to YouTube. For direct publishing, those are the encoder’s server/URL and key fields. For an SRS relay, use the destination fields required by the verified forwarding configuration for your SRS release.
- Treat the key as a password. Do not expose it in a public config file, screenshot, stream, or source-code repository. YouTube describes the key as the credential/address that lets an encoder send a feed for YouTube to accept. YouTube: Manage live stream settings
Keep the SRS ingest URL and YouTube destination settings distinct. An SRS example such as rtmp://localhost/live/livestream tells an encoder where to publish into SRS; it does not tell SRS where to forward the feed.
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Choose compatible encoder settings
YouTube’s encoder guidance lists RTMP or RTMPS, H.264, H.265 (HEVC), or AV1 video, up to 60 fps, AAC or MP3 audio, constant bitrate (CBR), and a recommended two-second keyframe interval that must not exceed four seconds. These are YouTube ingest recommendations, not proof that a particular SRS build and every hop in your relay support a codec or protocol end to end. Confirm that support for the deployed SRS release and the full path before choosing a format. YouTube encoder settings
| Setting | YouTube guidance | How to apply it |
|---|---|---|
| 1080p at 30 fps, H.264 video | 5 Mbps minimum; 14 Mbps recommended | Use the codec-specific guidance for your chosen resolution and frame rate. |
| 1080p at 60 fps, H.264 video | 6 Mbps minimum; 17 Mbps recommended | Do not assume this H.264 figure applies unchanged to HEVC or AV1. |
| Keyframe interval | 2 seconds recommended; no more than 4 seconds | Set the encoder to a two-second interval where possible. |
| Audio bitrate | 128 Kbps for stereo; 384 Kbps for 5.1 surround | Choose the figure that matches the audio channel layout. |
| Rate control | CBR | Use constant bitrate rather than a variable-rate setting. |
The figures above are YouTube’s published encoder guidance, not a guarantee that your encoder, SRS host, or network can sustain a particular stream. Match output to the source and intended viewers, consult the relevant codec-specific table, and test representative motion and audio before going public. YouTube encoder settings
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Plan bandwidth, looping, and long broadcasts
Allow upload headroom
YouTube recommends upload capacity with 20% headroom beyond the total outgoing stream bitrate. If you send both a primary and backup feed, account for both outputs as well as the headroom. Measure outbound throughput on the actual connection: shared networks and interruptions can reduce what is available, even if a speed test once showed sufficient capacity. Watch YouTube’s stream-health messages while testing. YouTube encoder settings · YouTube streaming tips
Looping a file is not the same as supervising a stream
SRS’s Docker guide demonstrates the FFmpeg options -stream_loop -1 -re to loop its sample input while publishing to SRS. This shows how to keep a file-based source publishing in that example; it does not provide process supervision, automatic restart, source monitoring, stream-key rotation, YouTube event setup, or recovery behavior for a production 24/7 broadcast. Plan and test those functions separately. SRS Docker getting started
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Plan for YouTube’s archive limit
YouTube automatically archives streams that run for under 12 hours. If your broadcast is intended to last longer, do not rely on one automatic archive to cover it in full; arrange separate recording or segmentation if retaining the complete program matters. YouTube’s encoder workflow says to stop sending content to end the stream. YouTube encoder workflow
Test before leaving the relay unattended
- Start SRS using the config and pinned release selected for your deployment. Check its status and logs for startup errors.
- Publish a test feed from FFmpeg or OBS to the SRS ingest URL if you are using a relay. Confirm that the publisher connects to SRS; this alone does not prove that YouTube forwarding works.
- Verify that the configured relay reaches the YouTube URL and key from Live Control Room. Check YouTube’s stream-health messages, video, and audio before making the broadcast public.
- Test the complete intended duration and representative source material, including the file loop if used. Confirm that the publisher, network, and relay continue to operate as expected.
- Test your own restart and recovery procedures, including what happens if the input stops or the connection is interrupted. The documented SRS loop example does not establish automatic recovery for those failures.
Troubleshoot common setup failures
| Symptom | Likely cause | What to check |
|---|---|---|
| SRS receives a publisher, but YouTube shows no incoming stream | The SRS ingest address was mistaken for YouTube’s destination, or the relay configuration is incomplete or incompatible. | Confirm the separate YouTube URL and key in the verified forwarding configuration for the deployed SRS release. Check SRS logs and YouTube stream health. |
| The encoder cannot connect to SRS | The encoder is not using the configured SRS ingest address, or SRS is not running as expected. | Check the publisher URL, SRS status, and logs. The SRS example URL is an ingest example, not a universal address for every deployment. |
| YouTube rejects the key or does not accept the feed | The wrong stream’s key or URL may be in use, or the endpoint may not match the selected YouTube stream. | Copy the current URL and key from Live Control Room and keep the key private. Use RTMPS when supported and offered. |
| Video or audio is unstable | The chosen settings may not be supported end to end, or available upload capacity may be insufficient or inconsistent. | Confirm codec support across the entire path, use CBR and a keyframe interval within YouTube’s guidance, measure the live connection, and review YouTube’s stream-health messages. |
| A loop stops or fails to recover after an interruption | A loop option alone does not supervise or restart its publisher, monitor the source, or provide production recovery. | Test and implement process supervision and recovery separately; do not assume the sample looping command provides them. |
| Forwarding stops or publishers are disconnected unexpectedly | An idle-publisher timeout may conflict with forwarding in the deployed SRS configuration. | Review the timeout behavior in the documentation for the exact SRS release before enabling idle-kick settings. |
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