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NBT stands for Named Binary Tag: Minecraft’s typed, tag-based format for representing game data. It is best pictured as a structured tree of values, but the saved data is binary. The readable text used to describe NBT in Java commands is called SNBT; it is not the same as the binary format.
How NBT data is structured
NBT organizes information into tags. A tag has a type, and tags inside a compound also have names. The format includes numeric types—byte, short, int, long, float, and double—along with strings, lists, compounds, and byte, int, and long arrays. A compound groups named tags; a list groups values that share one declared element type.
Imagine a nested data tree: a game object can have named values, and some values can hold further groups or lists. That is a useful way to understand the organization, but the actual representation is typed binary data. In Java Edition files, the root is ordinarily one named tag whose value is a compound.
NBT and SNBT are different
NBT is the binary format. SNBT is a text representation used to write NBT-like values in commands. When a Java command accepts an NBT value, you enter text; that does not mean the saved data is stored in that same text form.
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Java and Bedrock do not use identical NBT formats
Edition and context matter when reading or parsing NBT. The documented differences include byte order, network encoding, and which root-tag forms are allowed.
| Context | Documented behavior |
|---|---|
| Java Edition, disk data | Numeric values are big-endian. A root file is ordinarily one named tag with a compound root. |
| Bedrock, disk data | Numeric values are little-endian. Lists can be root tags in some cases. |
| Bedrock, network data | Uses a VarInt-oriented representation. |
| Java Edition, network data | Since Java Edition 1.20.2, the root compound name is omitted in this network format. The cited format reference says this change does not affect player or world data files. |
These distinctions matter most when software reads or writes saved data or network packets; they are not a reason to assume a command example for one edition works in another.
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How to view or change NBT in Java Edition
Java Edition’s /data command can get, merge, modify, or remove data for a block entity, entity, or command storage. The command reference documents /data as Java Edition exclusive. It does not mean every field on every target can be changed.
/data getreads all or part of a target’s data./data modifychanges data at a selected path.- Command-supplied values use SNBT text.
For a particular command, check the syntax and constraints for the target and game release rather than assuming that all NBT data is writable.
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Why version matters for command examples
SNBT command syntax can change. Mojang’s Java Edition 1.21.5 release notes describe extensions to the text format for object-like command data, including NBT, and allow integer literals prefixed with 0x for hexadecimal or 0b for binary. Those notes describe that release; check the edition and version a copied command, data pack, or tutorial targets.
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