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Random freezes, missing sound and display glitches usually trace back to one bad driver. Find and replace yours safely.Free scan · under a minuteIf your Factorio server is missing from the list, check the discovery scope first, then visibility settings, credentials, UDP port forwarding, both firewalls, and finally a direct address connection. A server can be running correctly yet remain absent from a browser because it is configured for LAN or hidden play, cannot authenticate with Factorio’s matching service, or is unreachable on UDP.
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Start by identifying which list is empty
Factorio has different discovery paths, and each one tests a different part of the setup. Do not troubleshoot a public-list problem as though it were a LAN problem.
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Do these 3 things before closing this tab:
1Repair Windows errors before they cause bigger problems2Fix the driver behind crashes, sound loss and screen glitches3Clear out junk files and repair common Windows errors| Where the server is missing | Most likely checks | What a successful test means |
|---|---|---|
| Browse public games | Visibility must be public; Factorio credentials or an authentication token must be present; the server must reach the matching service; UDP traffic on the configured port must be allowed and forwarded. |
The server is eligible for the global browser and can be reached from outside your network. |
| Play On LAN | Visibility must be lan; every player must be on the same local network; the server and client firewalls must allow Factorio. |
The game can discover the server through local-network discovery. |
| Both lists | Confirm that the process is running, the save and settings files are correct, the selected port is bound, local firewall rules allow it, and the router/NAT path is valid. | A direct connection test separates a browser problem from a network-path problem. |
If you already know the server’s reachable IP address and port, use Connect to address early in the diagnosis. A successful direct connection proves that the game process and network path work even when a browser entry is delayed, filtered, or absent.
Understand Factorio’s three visibility modes
public: listed in the public browser
A public server is intended to appear in Factorio’s public server list. It needs valid Factorio login credentials or an authentication token in the server-settings file. Public visibility also depends on the server reaching Factorio’s matching service and on inbound UDP traffic reaching the server.
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Public listing does not mean the server is reachable automatically. A server behind a router still needs a port-forwarding rule, and the operating-system firewall must permit the same UDP port. If any one of those conditions fails, the process may be running while remote players cannot connect.
lan: available through Play On LAN
A LAN server is deliberately excluded from the public browser. Players on the same local network should find it through Play On LAN. Seeing nothing in the public list is therefore expected when the settings file uses lan.
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hidden: direct address only
A hidden server does not appear in either browser as a discoverable listing. Players must enter the server’s IP address or hostname, together with the configured port, in Connect to address. This mode is useful when you want an invite-only endpoint without publishing it in the browser.
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Check the server-settings file before changing the router
Open the exact server-settings file used by the running process. A common failure is editing one copy while the launch command loads another. Verify the path in the startup command or service definition, then inspect these values:
- Visibility: set it to
public,lan, orhiddenaccording to the way players should join. - Credentials or token: public listing requires Factorio credentials or an authentication token. Treat the token like a password and do not post it in screenshots, logs, or support requests.
- Port: record the configured value. Factorio’s default is UDP 34197, but a launch option such as
--portcan change it. - Save selection: confirm that the process starts the save you expect, rather than an empty or different world that makes you think the intended server failed to appear.
After saving changes, restart the dedicated process if your service does not reload its settings automatically. Watch the startup log for malformed settings, authentication errors, or a bind failure.
Verify the port and transport
The default is UDP 34197
Factorio servers use UDP, not a TCP-only rule. The default network port is 34197/UDP. Your server firewall, router forwarding rule, and the address entered by players must all use the same port.
| Component | Required value | Common mistake |
|---|---|---|
| Factorio process | Default UDP 34197, or the value supplied with --port |
Assuming the default after changing the launch command |
| Operating-system firewall | Allow the Factorio executable and/or the selected UDP port | Creating a TCP rule only |
| Router port forwarding | Forward the same UDP port to the server’s current private IP | Forwarding TCP, forwarding to an old address, or using a different port |
| Client connection | Use the public IP or hostname and the same port | Entering the router’s address with an obsolete port |
When the port has been changed
If the launch command includes a custom value, substitute that value everywhere. For example, a server started with --port 35000 needs a UDP 35000 firewall rule, UDP 35000 forwarded by the router, and a client address such as example-host:35000. Do not leave a second rule on 34197 and assume it covers the custom port.
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Also check for two Factorio instances on the same machine. They cannot both bind the same UDP port. A bind error in the log usually means the port is already occupied or the process lacks permission to use the selected address.
Configure router forwarding for an internet server
- Give the host a stable private address, either with a DHCP reservation in the router or a correctly configured static address.
- Create a port-forwarding rule for UDP 34197, unless the server uses another value. Set the destination to the host’s current private IP address.
- Save or apply the router rule, then confirm that it still points to the same address after the host reconnects.
- Allow the same UDP port through the host operating-system firewall.
- Test from a network outside the home LAN, such as a friend’s connection or a mobile hotspot. Testing the public address from inside the same router can fail when the router does not support NAT loopback.
Do not forward a broad range when one Factorio port is sufficient. A single UDP rule reduces exposure and makes later troubleshooting clearer. If your internet service uses carrier-grade NAT, incoming forwarding may not be possible even when the router interface offers a port-forwarding page; in that case, a direct public connection cannot be established through that home connection without another network solution.
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Allow Factorio through both firewalls
Server-side firewall
Create an inbound rule for the Factorio executable or for the selected UDP port. If you use profile-specific rules, ensure the active network profile is covered. After changing the port, update the rule rather than assuming an executable exception automatically permits every configuration.
On a headless Linux host, check the active firewall manager and its ruleset. On Windows, verify that Factorio is allowed on the profile used by the server. A router rule cannot compensate for a host firewall that drops the packet after it arrives.
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Client-side firewall
The player’s firewall matters for discovery, especially on a LAN. In a documented Factorio forum incident, manual connection worked only after Factorio was allowed through Windows Firewall on the client; the LAN browser had been empty beforehand. Treat this as a practical example, not proof that every missing LAN server is caused by Windows Firewall.
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Use Connect to address as the decisive test
Open Factorio’s multiplayer screen and choose Connect to address. Enter the server’s reachable address and port:
- On the same LAN, use the server’s private IP address.
- From the internet, use the router’s public IP address or a hostname that resolves to it.
- Append the port when it is not the default, for example
203.0.113.10:35000.
Interpret the result rather than treating it as another browser refresh:
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- Direct connection succeeds, browser entry is missing: the process and network path work. Recheck visibility, credentials, matching-service access, and whether you are looking at the correct list.
- Direct LAN connection fails: check the private address, local firewall, VLAN or guest-network isolation, and the server’s bound port.
- Direct internet connection fails: check the public address, UDP forwarding, host firewall, carrier-grade NAT, and whether the ISP blocks inbound traffic.
Use the address of the server itself, not a stale bookmark. Private addresses commonly change when a router renews a DHCP lease, which can silently invalidate an otherwise correct forwarding rule.
Confirm that the headless process is the one you intended
A visible terminal or service entry does not prove that the correct Factorio instance is serving the correct port. Validate the launch configuration in this order:
- Confirm that the process is running under the expected account.
- Check the command line for the intended save, server-settings file, and any
--portoption. - Inspect the log for a successful bind to the selected UDP port.
- Look for authentication failures or messages indicating that the matching service cannot be contacted.
- Check for crashes, repeated restarts, or a second process that grabbed the port first.
Factorio’s headless startup supports loading a save and server settings from the command line. Keep those paths explicit in your service definition so a restart does not fall back to a different file. If you update the settings file while the service is running, restart it and verify the new values in the next startup log.
Fix a server missing from the public list
- Set
visibilitytopublicin the settings file actually used at startup. - Add valid Factorio credentials or an authentication token. Remove accidental whitespace and keep the token private.
- Confirm that the host can reach Factorio’s matching service through its outbound network and DNS configuration.
- Forward the selected UDP port to the host’s current private IP address.
- Allow the executable and UDP port through the host firewall.
- Restart the server, then inspect the log for authentication, matching-service, bind, or port messages.
- Test a direct connection from outside the LAN. If it works, wait for the browser to refresh and verify that you are searching the public list rather than Play On LAN.
A public listing depends on both registration and reachability. Credentials alone do not open a blocked port, and a forwarded port does not make a server eligible for public listing when visibility is set to LAN or hidden.
Fix a dedicated server missing from Play On LAN
- Set visibility to
lanif the server is intended only for local players. - Connect every player to the same home network, not a guest SSID, isolated wireless segment, or VPN that prevents local discovery.
- Allow Factorio through the client firewall on the private-network profile.
- Allow the server process and selected UDP port through the host firewall.
- Use the server’s private IP and port with Connect to address to bypass discovery.
If direct LAN connection works while Play On LAN remains empty, the game is reachable and the remaining issue is discovery filtering or firewall policy. If direct connection fails too, continue with the port and address checks instead of repeatedly refreshing the browser.
What each symptom usually means
| Symptom | Likely cause | Next action |
|---|---|---|
| Public list is empty, but direct internet connection works | Wrong visibility mode, missing credentials/token, delayed or filtered listing | Check public settings and authentication; verify the matching-service messages in the log. |
| LAN list is empty, but private-IP connection works | Client firewall or local discovery blocked | Allow Factorio on the client’s private profile and check network isolation. |
| Neither list nor direct connection works | Process, port, firewall, NAT, or address problem | Validate the launch command, bound port, forwarding destination, and both firewalls. |
| It worked until the router or host restarted | Private IP changed and forwarding still targets the old address | Create a DHCP reservation or update the forwarding destination. |
| Only some friends can connect | Different network paths, stale DNS, ISP filtering, or an incorrect address | Have an affected player test the exact public address and port from their own network. |
| Log reports a bind error | Another process uses the port or the selected address is unavailable | Stop the duplicate instance or choose an unused port, then update every firewall and forwarding rule. |
Security and maintenance checks
- Keep authentication tokens secret; rotate them if one appears in a public log, screenshot, or configuration shared with others.
- Forward only the UDP port Factorio needs, not an entire port range.
- Keep the host’s private address stable so the router rule does not drift.
- Review firewall exceptions after changing the Factorio installation, operating-system profile, or server port.
- Use hidden visibility when you want direct-address access without a public browser entry, but remember that hidden is not a substitute for authentication and network security.
A short recovery checklist
- Am I checking the correct list: public, LAN, or direct address?
- Does the settings file loaded at startup use the intended visibility mode?
- For public listing, are valid credentials or an authentication token present?
- What port is the process actually using? If unchanged, it is UDP 34197.
- Does the host firewall allow Factorio and that UDP port?
- Does the router forward that UDP port to the host’s current private IP?
- Does the client firewall permit Factorio discovery?
- Can a player connect directly with the correct IP address and port?
- Do the startup logs show matching-service, authentication, bind, or restart errors?
Work through the checks in that order. It prevents a public-list symptom from sending you straight into router changes when the actual cause is simply a LAN or hidden visibility setting.
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