If changing the WordPress Address or Site Address locked you out, open /wp-login.php directly, clear the site’s cookies, and then make home and siteurl agree. If you cannot reach the dashboard, temporarily define WP_HOME and WP_SITEURL in wp-config.php, or correct the two rows in the WordPress options table. Use WP-CLI when old URLs are embedded throughout the database, and use Recovery Mode only when the real problem is a fatal PHP error.
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What changed when the WordPress URL was edited
WordPress keeps two canonical URL settings, and they serve different purposes:
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siteurl(WordPress Address): the address where WordPress core files are installed.home(Site Address): the public address visitors use to view the site.
For a conventional site, both values may be identical, such as https://example.com. They can legitimately differ when WordPress is installed in a subdirectory but the public site is at the domain root. A login failure usually appears when one value still contains the old domain, HTTP instead of HTTPS, an old path, or a different host from the other value.
Use the complete intended URL, including the scheme (https:// when the site uses HTTPS), and do not put a trailing slash at the end. WordPress documentation specifies that both settings should include the https:// part and should not end with /.
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Start with the direct login URL
Being sent away from /wp-admin/ does not, by itself, prove that the administrator area is broken. When a visitor is logged out, WordPress normally redirects /wp-admin/ to the login form automatically.
- Type
https://your-domain.example/wp-login.phpinto the address bar, replacing the domain and scheme with the intended ones. - Submit an administrator username and password.
- If the form reloads without logging you in, or repeatedly returns to the login page, delete cookies for that site and try again in a private browser window.
- Test both the exact hostname you intend to keep (for example, the HTTPS version) and a fresh session after any URL correction.
A stale authentication cookie from the previous domain or scheme can make a correct password look ineffective. Clearing only the site’s cookies is preferable to deleting every browser cookie.
Choose the recovery route that matches your access
| Method | Access needed | What it changes | Best use | Important limitation |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Direct /wp-login.php and cookie reset |
Browser | Nothing in WordPress | Login page is reachable and the problem may be a stale session | Cannot correct wrong stored URLs |
WP_HOME and WP_SITEURL in wp-config.php |
File access | Overrides the values WordPress reads at runtime | You need an immediate way back into the dashboard | Does not update the database; removing the definitions can expose old values again |
Edit home and siteurl in the options table |
Database access | Corrects the two canonical settings permanently | The database values are wrong and you can use phpMyAdmin, Adminer, or another database tool | Does not replace old URLs in posts, serialized settings, or plugin data |
wp search-replace |
Shell access with WP-CLI | Replaces matching URLs across WordPress tables and content | A migration left old URLs in many records | A broad replacement needs a backup and a dry run first |
| Recovery Mode | Recovery email and browser | Provides a protected session for a detected fatal error | A plugin, theme, or custom code causes a PHP fatal error | It does not fix incorrect home or siteurl values |
Temporary fix: force the URLs in wp-config.php
Use this method when you can reach the site files through SFTP, FTP, a hosting file manager, or another file-access method but cannot use the dashboard. Make a copy of wp-config.php before editing it.
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- Open the WordPress installation’s
wp-config.php. - Find the line that says, in substance, “That’s all, stop editing! Happy publishing.”
- Insert the following definitions above that line, replacing the example URL with the final canonical address:
define( 'WP_HOME', 'https://example.com' );
define( 'WP_SITEURL', 'https://example.com' );- Save the file and revisit
https://example.com/wp-login.php. - Clear the site’s cookies if the browser still presents an old session.
- Once you can log in, make the database authoritative by correcting its
homeandsiteurlrows. Then remove the temporary definitions fromwp-config.phpand test again.
WP_HOME and WP_SITEURL override the database values while they remain in the configuration file; they do not write new values into the database. If you remove them before correcting the rows, WordPress can revert to the old address and the lockout can return.
Do not leave a RELOCATE constant in the file as a permanent fix. WordPress documentation warns that leaving RELOCATE can be insecure because, in some configurations, an attacker could change the site URL to an arbitrary value. Remove it after any temporary diagnostic use.
Permanent fix: correct home and siteurl in the database
This is the appropriate repair when the two canonical settings are wrong. Back up the database before editing a row. A backup gives you a way to restore the prior values if you select the wrong database or table.
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Find the correct options table
- Open phpMyAdmin, Adminer, or the database tool supplied with your server.
- Select the database used by this WordPress installation. If you are unsure, compare the database name in
wp-config.php. - Locate the options table. Its name is often
wp_options, but the prefix may be customized, such asabc_options. The suffix_optionsand theoption_namecolumn identify the right table.
Edit the two rows
- Open the table’s row view or run a filtered search for
option_nameequal tositeurlandhome. - Set
siteurlto the URL where the WordPress core files actually live. - Set
hometo the public URL visitors should enter. - Use the full scheme and host, and include a path only when the installation genuinely uses one. Do not append a trailing slash.
- Save both rows.
For a site whose files and public address are both at the domain root, the final values would look like this:
option_name |
Example value | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
siteurl |
https://example.com |
Core files are loaded from this address |
home |
https://example.com |
Visitors reach the public site at this address |
If WordPress core is installed in https://example.com/wordpress while the public site is at https://example.com, the two values are intentionally different: siteurl includes the installation path, while home does not. Do not copy the root-domain example blindly into a subdirectory installation.
After saving the rows
- Open a private browser window and visit the intended
/wp-login.phpaddress. - Log in, then open a front-end page and an administrator page.
- Remove temporary
WP_HOMEandWP_SITEURLdefinitions fromwp-config.phpif you added them. - Clear browser, WordPress plugin, and CDN caches before judging whether an old redirect remains.
When one-row edits are not enough: use WP-CLI
Changing the two options fixes the canonical address, but a migration can also leave the old URL in post content, menu items, widget settings, serialized options, or plugin data. Those references can keep redirecting visitors, produce broken images, or send forms to the old host.
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WP-CLI’s WordPress-aware search-and-replace command is designed for this broader change. Run it from the WordPress installation directory, and make a database backup first.
- Confirm that WP-CLI is operating on the intended site and database.
- Run a dry run with the old and new URLs:
wp search-replace 'http://old.example' 'https://example.com' --dry-run- Review the reported table and row counts. Check that the old URL and new URL are exact, including scheme, hostname, and any installation path.
- If the dry run is correct, run the same command without
--dry-run:
wp search-replace 'http://old.example' 'https://example.com'- Clear caches and test the front end, login, media, menus, forms, and any integrations that store URLs.
A single-row database edit and a broad search-replace solve different problems. Use the former to repair home and siteurl; use the latter when the old address is distributed across many records. Never skip the dry run on a production database, because replacing the wrong host can create a second outage.
Recognize a fatal error and use Recovery Mode instead
If the page shows a PHP fatal-error message, a blank screen, or a WordPress notice identifying a plugin or theme, the URL may not be the cause. Recovery Mode is a built-in WordPress feature introduced in version 5.2. In some fatal-error cases it sends the administrator a recovery link that creates a protected login session and pauses the faulty extension for that session.
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- Check the administrator email account for a WordPress Recovery Mode message.
- Open the recovery link in the same browser where you intend to administer the site.
- Log in through the protected session.
- Use the error details to deactivate, update, or repair the named plugin, theme, or custom code.
- Exit Recovery Mode and test a normal administrator login in a fresh private window.
Recovery Mode is a separate path from correcting home and siteurl. It cannot turn an incorrect domain in the options table into the correct one, and changing URLs will not repair a genuine PHP fatal error.
Diagnose the symptom after the first repair
The login form keeps returning to itself
- Delete cookies for the site and try a private window.
- Check that both canonical values use the same intended HTTPS scheme and hostname.
- Look for a temporary
WP_HOMEorWP_SITEURLdefinition that still points to the old address. - Clear WordPress, reverse-proxy, and CDN caches.
The browser says there are too many redirects
- Inspect for an HTTP value in one setting and an HTTPS value in the other.
- Check whether a reverse proxy or CDN terminates HTTPS while the origin receives HTTP; its redirect rules must agree with the public scheme.
- Review Nginx or Apache rewrite and redirect rules for a rule that sends the corrected host back to the old host.
- Retest in a private window after clearing caches.
The dashboard opens, but links still use the old domain
- Confirm the database rows are correct after removing any temporary configuration constants.
- Run a WP-CLI dry run to locate old URLs in content and serialized settings.
- Clear page, object, browser, and CDN caches.
The site works at one hostname but not another
- Choose one canonical hostname and scheme.
- Set
homeandsiteurlto that exact address. - Configure the web server or proxy to redirect the alternate hostname once, rather than allowing competing redirect chains.
- Test login and front-end links from a fresh session.
The page is a blank screen or reports a fatal PHP error
Follow the Recovery Mode path rather than repeatedly changing URL values. If no recovery email arrives, file access may be needed to disable the implicated extension and investigate its error log; the URL repair itself will not resolve the code failure.
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- Canonical settings:
homeandsiteurlcontain the intended full URLs, with the right scheme, host, and path and no trailing slash. - Configuration: temporary
WP_HOMEandWP_SITEURLlines have been removed after the database was corrected. - Login: a normal administrator can authenticate at
/wp-login.phpin a private browser session. - Front end: the home page, internal links, media, forms, and menus use the canonical address.
- Redirects: HTTP-to-HTTPS, alternate-host, reverse-proxy, CDN, Nginx, and Apache rules do not create a loop.
- Caches: browser, plugin, object, page, and CDN caches have been purged.
- Database scope: if the old URL appeared in content or plugin data, a WP-CLI dry run and controlled replacement addressed those records.
- Safety: a current database backup and a copy of any edited configuration file are retained until the site has passed testing.
Common mistakes that make the outage worse
- Editing only
siteurl: the public address is controlled byhome, so leaving the pair inconsistent can preserve redirects. - Adding a trailing slash: use
https://example.com, nothttps://example.com/, for these values. - Changing HTTP to HTTPS in only one place: mixed schemes can trigger an endless redirect between WordPress and the server.
- Assuming the table is always named
wp_options: a custom table prefix is common; verify the suffix and the database named inwp-config.php. - Removing the configuration override too early: the database may still contain the old URL, causing the lockout to return.
- Running a broad replacement without a dry run: a mistaken old or new URL can alter unrelated data across the site.
- Using Recovery Mode for a redirect problem: Recovery Mode addresses fatal errors, not URL values.
- Leaving
RELOCATEenabled: it is not a safe permanent configuration.
Fast decision path
- Can you see the login form? Go directly to
/wp-login.php, clear site cookies, and retry. - Can you edit files but not log in? Add the two URL constants above the stop-editing line, regain access, then correct the database and remove the constants.
- Can you access the database? Back it up and repair the
homeandsiteurlrows in the correct options table. - Are old URLs spread through content and settings? Use WP-CLI with
--dry-runbefore the replacement. - Is there a fatal PHP error? Use the Recovery Mode email and repair the named extension instead of treating it as a URL mismatch.
The durable fix is agreement: the browser’s canonical HTTPS host, WordPress’s home value, its siteurl value, any temporary configuration constants, and the server’s redirect rules must all describe the same intended site architecture.
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