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What to capture before changing anything
Make one timeline for the failure. Changing several settings before preserving this evidence can hide the cause.
- Record the stop time. Include the time zone and note when FFmpeg stopped writing, when YouTube marked the stream unhealthy, and when the broadcast ended or froze for viewers.
- Save the complete FFmpeg stderr. Capture output from startup through failure, including timestamps if available. Keep the full command, but redact the stream key anywhere it is stored or shared. Record the FFmpeg version and build configuration as well.
- Check local health. Note CPU utilization and whether the source file, capture, or local output continued normally. YouTube recommends checking encoder errors, CPU load, and local archive quality as part of troubleshooting (YouTube live-stream troubleshooting).
- Save YouTube’s evidence. In Live Control Room, record the stream-health indicator and any timestamped error messages covering the stop.
- Save EC2 network evidence. Note the exact instance type and collect network metrics covering the same interval. Include other concurrent traffic if it could share the instance’s outbound capacity.
Keep the stream key private. It grants access to the broadcast and should not appear in a support post, screenshot, or unredacted log attachment.
Read the timeline: local failure or ingestion failure?
Compare the evidence at the same timestamps rather than treating any single message as a diagnosis.
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- FFmpeg reports encoder errors, CPU is saturated, or the local output is defective: investigate the source and encoding path first. This points toward a local encoder/source issue; it does not establish an AWS network cause.
- The local encoder output remains healthy, but YouTube reports lost or unhealthy ingestion: investigate outbound connectivity and ingestion configuration. YouTube’s troubleshooting guidance distinguishes encoder-output problems from a healthy output that is not reaching the service (YouTube live-stream troubleshooting).
- YouTube reports a timeout or SSL error: verify the event’s current endpoint, protocol, and key before changing encoding or instance size. Check the specific message against YouTube’s live-stream error messages.
- The evidence disagrees or is incomplete: run a controlled test and collect all four evidence streams again. Avoid changing bitrate, protocol, and instance type together; doing so makes the result harder to interpret.
Verify YouTube’s endpoint, key, protocol, and encoding
Confirm the endpoint and key for the intended event
Check that FFmpeg is using the current stream URL and key for the event shown in Live Control Room. Do not assume an old saved URL or key is still the right one. Redact the key when reviewing or sharing the command.
Check RTMP versus RTMPS
Use the URL and protocol displayed for the stream in Live Control Room. YouTube’s RTMPS instructions say to copy the RTMPS URL from Live Control Room rather than assume it is interchangeable with the ordinary RTMP URL. If the error indicates a connection timeout or SSL problem, verify the RTMPS host and protocol; YouTube’s instructions also describe port 443 for RTMPS connections (Encrypt your stream using RTMPS).
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Check the actual encoder settings
Compare the FFmpeg output settings with YouTube’s current recommendations for the selected resolution, frame rate, and codec. YouTube’s guidance lists RTMP/RTMPS; H.264, H.265, and AV1 video options; AAC or MP3 audio; CBR bitrate encoding; and a recommended two-second keyframe interval that should not exceed four seconds. Confirm that your installed FFmpeg build supports the selected codec and that the command actually applies the intended settings. Use YouTube’s resolution- and frame-rate-specific bitrate ranges rather than treating one bitrate as suitable for every stream (YouTube encoder settings, bitrates, and resolutions).
Check bitrate against measured outbound capacity
The total outgoing stream bitrate must fit within available upload bandwidth. YouTube recommends leaving 20% headroom and testing the actual outbound connection (YouTube streaming tips). Do not use download speed as a substitute for upload capacity, or rely only on an instance’s advertised peak network rate.
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Compare the stream’s total bitrate with measured outbound performance from the EC2 environment while accounting for other traffic. If capacity is tight, reduce bitrate or competing traffic, then repeat the test and compare the new evidence. Choose a bitrate using YouTube’s table for the stream’s codec, resolution, and frame rate—not by guessing from the EC2 region name.
Check EC2 instance limits and CloudWatch metrics
Identify the instance type, not just the region
“Mumbai” identifies the AWS region, not the EC2 instance’s network capacity. Find the exact instance type and compare its published network performance, including any baseline and burst behavior, with the stream’s demand and concurrent traffic. AWS says available bandwidth depends on instance type, vCPU count, traffic destination, and network allowances; the region alone cannot establish an exact limit or prove a regional fault (Amazon EC2 instance network bandwidth).
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Review outgoing traffic around the stop
Inspect CloudWatch NetworkOut and NetworkPacketsOut for the instance over the failure interval. They show outgoing byte and packet volume and can help reveal changes in traffic. But a normal-looking graph does not rule out a brief saturation event: AWS warns that standard instance metrics may be too coarse to expose short microbursts (EC2 metrics available in CloudWatch; EC2 network bandwidth).
Inspect ENA allowance counters where available
For instances using ENA, check allowance metrics such as bw_out_allowance_exceeded, pps_allowance_exceeded, and conntrack_allowance_exceeded. On Linux, AWS documents collecting ENA network performance metrics through the CloudWatch Agent’s ethtool plugin (Collect network performance metrics).
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Before treating an empty counter series as zero pressure, verify that the relevant metrics are configured and that collection is working. An unconfigured metric cannot tell you that no allowance was exceeded.
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- Timeout or SSL message: confirm the current event URL and key, then verify the RTMPS protocol, host, and port against YouTube’s RTMPS instructions.
- YouTube reports inadequate bandwidth, or ENA shows outbound allowance pressure: reduce the stream bitrate or competing traffic and retest. Compare demand with the documented performance of the exact instance type; do not infer capacity from the region or a peak-rate headline.
- FFmpeg errors, saturated CPU, or bad local output: investigate source health, encoder settings, and the installed FFmpeg build before treating network limits as the cause. YouTube’s troubleshooting guidance includes encoder, CPU, and local archive checks.
- No branch is supported by the evidence: make a controlled repeat test and correlate timestamps across FFmpeg, YouTube, local health, and AWS. Change one relevant variable at a time.
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