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The correct setup depends on your server. Apache can use the documented rotatelogs piped logger with an 86400-second interval; Linux installations commonly use scheduled logrotate rules for NGINX and other daemons; IIS exposes a period="Daily" log-file setting. In every case, verify that the service reopens the new file, that the scheduler has permission to act, and that retention matches your security, privacy and legal requirements.
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What “delete every 24 hours” should mean
There are two events that are often confused:
- Rotation: the server stops writing to the current file and starts a new one. The old file is normally renamed or moved into a rotated set.
- Expiration: files beyond your retention rule are removed, such as files older than 30 days or more than 20 rotations old.
A daily rotation policy without an expiration rule can fill a disk indefinitely. Conversely, a cleanup script that deletes the file currently held open by the server can leave the process writing to an unlinked inode, hide the disk usage from directory listings, or cause lost entries. Configure rotation first, then define retention, and finally test that new requests appear in the new file.
“Every 24 hours” can also mean either a fixed interval or a calendar boundary. Apache’s rotatelogs interval of 86400 seconds is a 24-hour duration. A daily logrotate job or IIS Daily period normally follows the host’s local scheduling boundary. State the time zone and daylight-saving behavior in your operating procedure if exact timestamps matter.
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Prepare the host before changing logging
Make an inventory before editing a rule. A web server can write separate access, error, rewrite, proxy and application logs, and a policy that covers only one path is not a complete deletion policy.
- Find every active path. Read the effective Apache, NGINX or IIS configuration rather than relying on a remembered default. Include virtual-host or site-specific files.
- Record ownership and mode. Note which account writes the log and which account runs the scheduler. A rotated file must remain readable by the people or collectors who need it, but should not become world-readable.
- Identify the scheduler. Linux hosts may run
logrotatefrom cron or a system service. IIS performs its own period-based rollover. Confirm that the relevant job is enabled and runs on every web node. - Measure disk and retention needs. Estimate daily log volume, compressed size, incident-response requirements and any privacy or regulatory hold. There is no universal legal retention period.
- Back up the current configuration. Keep a copy of the working file and know how to restore it before restarting or reloading the server.
Apply the same policy to every node behind a load balancer. Otherwise, one server may retain months of data while another deletes it daily, making incident timelines incomplete.
Apache HTTP Server: rotate with rotatelogs, then expire old files
Use the documented 86400-second interval
Apache documents piped logging through rotatelogs. A 24-hour interval is 86400 seconds. A typical access-log directive is:
CustomLog "|/usr/local/apache/bin/rotatelogs /var/log/httpd/access_log 86400" combinedThe equivalent error-log pattern is:
ErrorLog "|/usr/local/apache/bin/rotatelogs /var/log/httpd/error_log 86400"Use the actual executable and directory on your installation. The command creates successive files based on the configured log stem and rotates at the interval. Apache’s documentation also describes date-formatted filenames, which can make daily files easier to identify and archive.
Do not mistake rotation for deletion
rotatelogs establishes when a new file is created; it does not, by itself, express your organization’s complete retention decision. Pair it with a retention mechanism that removes files after an approved age or count. If you choose a separate operating-system rotation tool instead, make sure it handles Apache’s open file correctly.
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Reopen files after an external move
When an external tool renames or moves an Apache log, the running httpd process can continue writing to the old file handle. Apache explicitly warns that it “continues writing to the old file handle until it receives the signal.” The rotation rule therefore needs a post-rotation graceful reload or reopen signal appropriate to your platform. A full stop/start is generally more disruptive; use the server’s graceful mechanism and verify that it succeeded.
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- Confirm the effective
CustomLogandErrorLogpaths for each virtual host. - Choose either Apache’s piped
rotatelogsarrangement or an external daily rotation rule. Do not let two independent tools rename the same file. - Set the external retention policy, such as a documented number of rotations or an age. Keep the policy separate from the 86400-second rotation interval.
- Configure the post-rotation graceful reopen if an external tool moves files.
- Reload Apache gracefully, generate a test request and confirm that the new file receives entries.
Apache’s own guidance says, “You should set up automatic log rotation from the start.” Treat the rule as part of the initial deployment rather than as a repair after disk pressure appears.
Linux and NGINX: use the host’s scheduled logrotate policy
Understand the controls
NGINX documentation describes logrotate as a typical way to run rotation periodically through cron. The directives have distinct jobs:
dailyschedules a daily rotation when the host’s rotation service runs.rotate 20keeps 20 rotated files before older ones are removed. It is a count, not a promise that files are exactly 20 calendar days old.createcreates a replacement file with specified mode, owner and group.copytruncatecopies the current file and truncates it in place, avoiding a service signal but creating a small window in which entries can be missed.compressreduces the space used by retained files; a delayed-compression option can leave the newest rotated file uncompressed for tools that expect plain text.
Choose either a signal-based reopen or copytruncate according to the server’s behavior. Signaling is preferable when the daemon supports reliable reopening because it avoids the copy/truncate race; copytruncate can be useful when a reload cannot be arranged.
Build a daily rule
A rule normally targets the actual NGINX access and error paths, for example /var/log/nginx/*.log. A representative structure is:
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/var/log/nginx/*.log {
daily
missingok
rotate 20
compress
delaycompress
notifempty
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sharedscripts
postrotate
# invoke the platform-specific NGINX reopen action here
endscript
}Replace the path, owner, group and reopen action with values from your host. The example’s rotate 20 is only an illustration of a count policy; it is not a recommendation for every environment. If your requirement is “delete after 30 days,” use an age-based policy supported by your installed logrotate version instead of assuming that 30 rotations equal 30 days.
Check the scheduler, not just the file
Running a configuration test manually proves only that the rule parses. Confirm that the daily cron or system service actually invokes logrotate, and inspect its logs for permission errors. A rule owned by root may need to create files owned by the NGINX worker account. If the directory is on a read-only mount, rotation and deletion will both fail.
Keep access and error logs consistent
Target both access and error logs in one policy when they share a lifecycle. If application or proxy logs live elsewhere, add explicit stanzas rather than assuming the wildcard covers them. On a multi-node deployment, distribute the same rule and retention decision through configuration management and verify each node independently.
IIS: set the log-file period to Daily
Use the IIS period attribute
Microsoft’s IIS <logFile> settings expose a period attribute. Daily creates a new log file each day and is the documented default period in the site-defaults/log-file configuration. Other choices are Hourly, Weekly, Monthly and MaxSize.
In configuration form, the essential setting is equivalent to:
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<logFile period="Daily" />Apply it at the appropriate IIS scope for the sites you operate, using the IIS management interface or the server’s configuration files according to your change-control process. A site-level override can produce a different result from the server default, so inspect the effective configuration for each site.
Use truncateSize only for size-based rollover
Microsoft also documents truncateSize for size-based rollover. That setting addresses a maximum file size; it does not replace a daily period when your requirement is one file per day. You can choose a size-based period when traffic spikes make daily files unmanageably large, but document that it changes the meaning of “daily.”
Separate IIS rollover from retention
The daily period determines when IIS starts a new file. Decide separately how long the resulting files remain in the log directory and how they are archived or deleted. If a backup, security-monitoring or compliance system consumes IIS logs, confirm that it has completed collection before deletion.
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Choose retention by age or by count
| Policy type | How it works | Strength | Risk or limitation |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age-based | Delete files older than a stated duration, such as 30 days. | Maps directly to an incident-response or privacy requirement. | Disk usage varies with traffic and compression; clock and time-zone handling must be understood. |
| Count-based | Keep a fixed number of rotations, such as rotate 20. |
Provides a predictable upper bound on file count. | “Twenty files” may represent fewer or more than 20 days if rotation is delayed, skipped or triggered by size. |
| Archive-then-delete | Compress or copy logs to approved storage, then remove the local copy. | Preserves investigation data while limiting web-node disk use. | Requires confirmation that transfer and integrity checks succeeded. |
Set the shortest period that still satisfies security investigations, operational troubleshooting, privacy commitments and applicable legal holds. Because those requirements differ by jurisdiction and industry, neither Apache, NGINX nor IIS documentation supplies a universal number of days.
Account for compression and naming
Compressed files still count toward retention. Make sure your cleanup pattern includes the extensions produced by compression and does not accidentally match unrelated files. Date-formatted names can simplify audits, while numeric suffixes are adequate when the rotation tool reliably maintains ordering. Record the server time zone so an investigator can interpret a filename around midnight or a daylight-saving transition.
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Make the schedule and permissions observable
- Scheduler health: verify the cron job, system service or IIS configuration is enabled, and check its last successful run.
- Directory permissions: confirm that the rotation process can rename, create, compress and remove files, while the web worker can continue writing.
- Free space: leave enough headroom for a copy-based rotation. A large uncompressed file may temporarily exist twice when
copytruncateor a copy-and-compress workflow runs. - Monitoring: alert on a missing current log, an unchanged file modification time, repeated rotation errors and low disk space.
- Configuration drift: compare rules across all web nodes after upgrades or image rebuilds.
Do not grant broad write access merely to make rotation work. Correct the owner, group or service account, and keep the retention rule under the same change-control process as the web-server configuration.
Test the complete lifecycle
- Record the current active filename, inode or file identity where the platform exposes it, and its last modification time.
- Run a syntax or dry-run check for the rotation configuration. A successful parse does not prove that deletion or reopening will work.
- Perform a controlled rotation in a maintenance window, or temporarily use a short test interval in a non-production environment.
- Send several requests that produce access and error entries.
- Confirm that new entries arrive in the new active file, not only in the renamed file.
- Verify the rotated file’s owner, mode and compression state.
- Place an old test file beyond the configured age or count and confirm that the next scheduled run removes it.
- Restore the production interval and inspect scheduler logs after the first real daily run.
Keep a sample of the test output in the change record. It proves not just that a file was renamed, but that the service reopened the destination and that the expiration rule behaved as intended.
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Troubleshoot common failures
Files rotate but never disappear
The rule has a rotation trigger but no expiration directive, or the retention count has not yet been exceeded. Add an explicit age or count policy and check that the deletion pattern matches compressed and date-formatted names.
The old file keeps growing
The server still has the previous file handle open. For Apache, use the required graceful reload/reopen after an external move. For NGINX, use the daemon’s supported reopen action or select copytruncate with awareness of its race window. Then generate a request and compare modification times.
The scheduler reports permission denied
Check directory ownership, the account running the scheduler, mandatory-access-control policies and the destination directory’s mount options. A file may be writable while its parent directory is not renameable, which prevents rotation.
Only one virtual host rotates
The active configuration may contain per-site paths outside the rule’s wildcard. Enumerate every effective log directive and add explicit stanzas for paths in other directories.
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Reduce the deletion speed only after checking your incident-response and legal requirements. If logs must be preserved, archive them to approved storage before local expiration and document who can place a legal hold.
Daily files have surprising times
Rotation may follow the operating system’s local time, while filenames or collectors use another time zone. Check the host time zone, scheduler boundary and daylight-saving transition rules, then record that convention for anyone reading the files.
Quick Recap
Server-by-server comparison
| Server or mechanism | Daily rotation control | Retention control | Reopen consideration | Notable options |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Apache HTTP Server | rotatelogs with an 86400-second interval, or an external daily rule. |
Configure a separate age or count policy; rotation alone is not deletion. | External moves require a graceful reload/reopen because httpd can retain the old handle. | Date-formatted filenames and piped logging are documented. |
| NGINX on Linux | Scheduled logrotate using daily. |
rotate sets a count; an age policy can be used when supported by the installed tool. |
Use the daemon’s reopen action, or copytruncate with its copy/truncate race. |
create, compression and delayed compression control replacement files and storage. |
| IIS | <logFile period="Daily" />; Daily is the documented default. |
Set retention and archival separately from the period. | IIS manages its own period-based rollover; verify the effective site configuration. | Hourly, Weekly, Monthly, MaxSize and truncateSize are documented alternatives. |
Operational checklist
- Every access and error-log path is identified.
- Daily rotation is configured with the server-native mechanism or the host rotation service.
- Retention is stated separately as an age, count or archive-then-delete workflow.
- Apache receives a graceful reopen after external moves; NGINX uses a supported reopen method or an intentional
copytruncatetrade-off. - Replacement-file owner, group and mode are correct.
- The scheduler runs with the required permissions on every web node.
- Compression, time zone, filename pattern and daylight-saving behavior are documented.
- A test confirmed that fresh requests reach the new file and that an eligible old file is removed.
- Monitoring alerts on failed rotation, stale handles, low disk space and missing logs.
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