The Tool Desk
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What a source build provides
A source build produces MongoDB binaries from the exact checkout you select instead of installing a prebuilt Ubuntu package or extracting a release archive. That is useful when you need a development branch, a local patch, a particular compiler or architecture, or a debugging-oriented build. It is not the easiest maintenance path: package upgrades, service files, configuration placement and runtime permissions are your responsibility.
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The current MongoDB build uses Bazel. The official Linux quick start builds an installation tree and places its binaries below bazel-bin/install (or the corresponding target directory). The smallest useful build is normally install-mongod; the quick-start example uses install-dist-test for a broader server and test-oriented output.
Check the requirements before compiling
Supported processor and compiler
MongoDB’s current source-build documentation lists arm64, ppc64le, s390x and x86-64. Your compiler must support C++20. The documented compiler versions include GCC 14.2 and Clang 19.1 for Linux; the same requirements page also lists Apple Xcode 16.4 and Visual Studio 2022 version 17.0 for their respective platforms.
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Using one of the listed compiler versions is safer than selecting the newest compiler available in an Ubuntu repository. Newer compilers can produce warnings that MongoDB treats as errors. If you deliberately use a newer compiler, the documented escape hatch is --disable_warnings_as_errors=True, but that option can conceal diagnostics that would otherwise identify a real portability problem.
Disk, Python and development libraries
Reserve about 13 GB of free disk space for the checkout and build products. The estimate comes from MongoDB’s current build documentation and is not a guarantee for every branch, compiler or parallel-build configuration.
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1Repair Windows errors before they cause bigger problems2Fix the driver behind crashes, sound loss and screen glitches3Clear out junk files and repair common Windows errorsProvide Python 3.13 and the following Ubuntu development packages:
build-essential, which supplies Ubuntu’s general compiler and build toolchain.- One libcurl development package:
libcurl4-openssl-dev,libcurl4-nss-devorlibcurl4-gnutls-dev. liblzma-dev.
The MongoDB guide calls out the supported compiler separately from build-essential. Installing the latter alone does not guarantee that the compiler version or C++20 implementation is suitable. Make sure the python command used for the build resolves to the required Python 3.13 environment.
Prepare the Ubuntu host
After selecting the compiler and confirming disk space, install the general toolchain and the development headers. Choose only one of the libcurl variants:
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install build-essential libcurl4-openssl-dev liblzma-devIf your deployment uses NSS or GnuTLS instead of OpenSSL for libcurl, substitute libcurl4-nss-dev or libcurl4-gnutls-dev. Ensure Python 3.13 is installed and available before invoking the build helper; the exact way to obtain that interpreter depends on the Ubuntu release and the repository policy you use.
Keep the source checkout and Bazel output on a filesystem with enough free space. A nearly full home directory can make compilation fail after many minutes even when all packages are present.
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Choose source, apt or tarball deliberately
Source compilation is one of three practical MongoDB installation approaches on Ubuntu. The choice affects reproducibility, upgrades and how much system integration you receive.
| Route | Best fit | What you receive | Trade-offs |
|---|---|---|---|
| Source build | Custom branches, patches, compilers, architectures or debugging | Binaries built from your checkout; selectable Bazel targets | You manage dependencies, service setup, upgrades, permissions and configuration |
| Official apt package | Long-lived Ubuntu deployments and routine maintenance | Package-managed files, dependencies, an example configuration and service integration | Less control over compiler and source changes; repository and platform support are version-specific |
| Release tarball | Manual placement or version isolation without repository integration | Prebuilt software-only archive | You install runtime libraries, create directories, configure startup and perform upgrades manually |
For context, the MongoDB 7.0 Ubuntu apt tutorial supports 64-bit Ubuntu 20.04 (Focal) and 22.04 (Jammy) on x86-64, with ARM64 support on selected platforms. It imports a MongoDB signing key, creates a versioned repository entry, updates apt metadata and installs mongodb-org. Ubuntu’s unrelated mongodb package is not maintained by MongoDB and conflicts with mongodb-org.
The MongoDB 8.0 tarball instructions support 64-bit Ubuntu 20.04, 22.04 and 24.04 (Noble) on x86-64, with ARM64 on selected platforms. A tarball requires runtime libraries including libcurl4, OpenSSL and liblzma5, plus version-specific LDAP, SASL, GSSAPI and libwrap packages. MongoDB recommends apt when possible because it installs dependencies, supplies an example configuration file and simplifies upgrades.
Build MongoDB with Bazel
1. Start from the intended source checkout
Change to the root of the MongoDB source tree and make sure the branch or tag is the one you intend to run. Build behavior and dependencies are tied to that checkout; do not assume that instructions for one MongoDB release apply unchanged to another.
2. Install the repository’s Bazel tool
MongoDB supplies a helper script in the checkout. Run the documented command with the required Python environment:
python buildscripts/install_bazel.pyThe helper installs Bazel under ~/.local/bin. Add that directory to the current shell’s PATH:
export PATH=~/.local/bin:$PATHThis export affects the current shell only. Put an equivalent setting in the shell profile used for future builds if you want the helper-installed Bazel to be found automatically, or export it again in each new build session.
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3. Select a Bazel target
Choose the narrowest target that contains what you need. Smaller targets reduce the amount of software built, while broader targets provide more complete distributions or development tooling.
| Target | Contents | Typical use |
|---|---|---|
install-mongod |
The database daemon only | A server process for a local deployment or focused daemon work |
install-mongos |
The router only | A sharded-cluster router build without the database daemon |
install-core |
Minimal mongod and mongos |
A smaller server installation containing both core server binaries |
install-dist |
All server components | A broad distribution-style build |
install-devcore |
mongod, mongos and jstestshell |
Development and testing that needs the shell test binary |
MongoDB notes that install-core and install-dist are not guaranteed to be identical. For testing, use install-devcore or install-dist rather than assuming the minimal core target contains every required test component.
4. Run the build
The documented broad quick start is:
bazel build install-dist-testFor only the database daemon, use:
bazel build install-mongodUse the other target names in the table in the same form when your required output differs. Bazel writes the resulting installation tree below bazel-bin/install or the corresponding target directory. A successful build does not register a system service and does not copy files into Ubuntu’s package-managed locations.
5. Check the binary before creating a service
Ask the newly built daemon to print its version:
bazel-bin/install/bin/mongod --versionThis confirms that the expected executable was produced and that your shell is invoking the source-built binary rather than an older package installation. If you built a target with a different output directory, use the mongod path under that target’s generated installation tree.
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Run the source-built server locally
Create data and log locations
A source build does not create runtime directories for you. Create a data directory and a log directory, then grant read and write access to the account that will run mongod. A dedicated, non-root service account is preferable for a persistent deployment. Keep the directories separate from the source checkout so that rebuilding or removing the tree cannot remove database files.
The paths used in MongoDB’s tarball example are /var/lib/mongo for data and /var/log/mongodb/mongod.log for the log. You may choose other paths, but the account running the daemon must be able to access both the directory and the log file.
Start in the foreground-to-background mode documented for tarballs
From a shell where the source-built binary is available, run:
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bazel-bin/install/bin/mongod --dbpath /var/lib/mongo --logpath /var/log/mongodb/mongod.log --forkThe --fork option starts the daemon in the background after it opens the log. For troubleshooting, omit --fork so startup messages remain visible in the terminal; return to the background form after the configuration works.
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Read the startup log
MongoDB documents successful startup by the log message [initandlisten] waiting for connections on port 27017. Search the log you selected and confirm that this message appears after launching the daemon. If it is absent, inspect the surrounding messages for an inaccessible data path, a permission problem, an occupied port or another configuration error.
Connect with the shell
Once the waiting-for-connections message is present, connect with mongosh. Use the shell version compatible with the server branch you built and connect to the local default endpoint unless you intentionally changed the bind or port settings.
Do not treat the presence of a mongod process alone as proof of a usable server. The log checkpoint and a successful shell connection verify different parts of startup: the first confirms that the daemon completed initialization, while the second confirms that a client can reach it.
Handle common build and startup failures
Bazel is not found
If the shell reports that bazel is unavailable immediately after running the installer, the usual cause is that ~/.local/bin was not added to PATH in the current shell. Re-run the export command, then invoke the build again. A new terminal will also need the export unless your shell profile contains it.
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Compiler warnings stop the build
Warnings treated as errors generally indicate a compiler mismatch rather than a missing MongoDB source file. First compare the active compiler with the documented GCC 14.2 or Clang 19.1 choices. If you intentionally use a newer compiler, add --disable_warnings_as_errors=True as the documented escape hatch, and review the resulting warnings instead of ignoring them blindly.
Missing libcurl or compression headers
Errors mentioning curl headers or liblzma headers mean the corresponding development package is absent or the wrong variant was selected. Install one of the three libcurl4-*-dev alternatives and liblzma-dev, then rerun the same Bazel target. Runtime packages such as libcurl4 are not substitutes for the development headers required during compilation.
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The build runs out of space
Check free space on the filesystem containing both the source checkout and Bazel output. MongoDB estimates about 13 GB for the build, but branch differences and parallel work can change consumption. Remove obsolete build trees or move the checkout to a larger filesystem before retrying.
The daemon will not start
Check that the data and log directories exist and are writable by the daemon account. Then run without --fork to expose the startup error directly. If the log reports a port conflict, stop the other local daemon or choose a different port in your configuration. A startup warning about the open-file limit is an operational issue, not evidence that compilation failed.
Open-file limits and service operation
MongoDB’s Ubuntu 7.0 installation manual warns when the open-file ulimit is below 64,000. Treat that warning as a deployment check after the binary starts. Raise the limit through the service account or service manager configuration appropriate to your Ubuntu installation before placing a busy deployment into production; changing it does not repair a failed source compilation.
A source build has no package-provided systemd unit, default configuration file or upgrade path. If you need automatic startup, create and maintain a service definition that points to the exact generated binary, data path and log path. Record the checkout revision and build flags alongside that service so a later rebuild is reproducible.
Secure the first run before network exposure
MongoDB’s documented default is to bind bindIp to 127.0.0.1, the localhost interface. Keep that local binding while validating a source build. Before binding to a publicly reachable address, configure authentication and apply network hardening such as firewall rules and restricted interfaces. A successful local shell connection is not a security configuration.
Do not expose a newly compiled daemon merely to test remote connectivity. First verify the local log and shell connection, create the intended authentication and authorization policy, and then make the smallest network change required by your application.
When a source build is the wrong choice
Use the official apt route when predictable upgrades, dependency installation, an example configuration and service integration matter more than compiler control. Confirm that your Ubuntu release and architecture are listed for the MongoDB version you intend to run, and avoid Ubuntu’s unrelated mongodb package when the MongoDB repository tutorial calls for mongodb-org.
Use a release tarball when you need manual placement or side-by-side version isolation but do not need to compile changes. Extract the selected .tgz with tar -zxvf; optionally copy or symlink its bin/ contents into /usr/local/bin. You still need to install the documented runtime libraries, create data and log directories, set permissions and arrange startup yourself.
Choose source compilation when the control it provides is the requirement, not simply because it is possible. The extra work is justified for a custom patch, unreleased branch, unusual architecture, compiler investigation or development workflow; for an ordinary production server, package-managed maintenance is usually simpler.
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