To connect, open Cyberduck, choose File → Open Connection, select SFTP (SSH File Transfer Protocol), enter your VPS hostname, SSH port, username, and either the account password or matching SSH private key, then select Connect. On the first connection, compare Cyberduck’s host-key fingerprint with the fingerprint supplied by your VPS provider or administrator before accepting it.
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What you need before opening Cyberduck
Cyberduck’s SFTP connection is an SSH connection to your VPS. Your server must therefore have SSH enabled and expose the SFTP subsystem through its SSH service. An SSH server generally provides that subsystem, but the VPS still has to be reachable and configured to accept your account.
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- SSH port: Port 22 is common, but it is not universal. Use the port configured for your VPS.
- Username: Enter the Linux or Unix account that is permitted to log in over SSH.
- Authentication: Have either the account password or an SSH private-key file whose matching public key is installed for that account.
- Network access: The VPS firewall, any local firewall, and the SSH service must permit connections to the selected port.
If you do not know the port, username, or authentication method, check the provider’s server details or ask the person who administers the VPS. Guessing these values produces the same symptoms as a broken connection.
Cyberduck connection fields
The essential fields are protocol, server, port, username, and one authentication method. Use the following mapping when the connection window is open.
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| Cyberduck field | What to enter | Important qualification |
|---|---|---|
| Protocol | SFTP (SSH File Transfer Protocol) | SFTP is the SSH-based file-transfer option, not ordinary FTP or an unrelated cloud-storage protocol. |
| Server | Your VPS hostname or IP address | Use the address supplied for this VPS. |
| Port | Your provider’s SSH port | 22 is often used, but the configured port may be different. |
| Username | Your VPS login name | The account must be authorized for SSH access. |
| Password | The VPS account password | Use this only when password authentication is enabled for the account. |
| SSH Private Key | The private-key file on your computer | The corresponding public key must already be installed for the remote account. |
Connect to the VPS in Cyberduck
- Open the connection window. Launch Cyberduck and choose File → Open Connection or select New Connection.
- Select the protocol. Choose SFTP (SSH File Transfer Protocol) from the protocol list. Selecting FTP, WebDAV, or another protocol will not use the VPS’s SSH service.
- Enter the server address. Put the VPS hostname or IP address in Server. Do not add a web URL or a path to this field.
- Enter the SSH port. Put the provider’s configured SSH port in Port. Although 22 is common, Cyberduck cannot infer a nonstandard port from the hostname.
- Enter the login name. Type the VPS account name in Username.
- Choose authentication. For password login, enter the account password. For key login, use SSH Private Key → Choose and select the private-key file.
- Start the session. Select Connect.
- Check the host key. On the first connection, Cyberduck displays a message asking you to verify the host key that uniquely identifies the SSH server. Compare its fingerprint with one supplied by the VPS provider or administrator. Accept it only when the fingerprints match.
After successful authentication, Cyberduck displays the remote file system. You can browse directories and transfer files through the graphical interface.
Password login and SSH-key login
Password authentication
Password login is the shorter setup path when the VPS account allows it: enter the username and password, then connect. It depends on the server permitting password authentication and on the password being correct. If an administrator has disabled password login, a correct password will still be rejected and you must use an authorized key instead.
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With key authentication, Cyberduck reads a private key kept in a file on your computer. The matching public key must be installed in the remote account’s ~/.ssh/authorized_keys file. Selecting an unrelated private key, or selecting the right key before its public half has been authorized on the VPS, cannot authenticate the session.
| Consideration | Password login | SSH-key login |
|---|---|---|
| Security exposure | Depends on the strength and handling of the account password and whether the server permits password login. | The private key remains on the client; the server checks its matching authorized public key. |
| Setup effort | Usually limited to receiving or creating the account password. | Requires installing the public key for the remote account and selecting the private-key file. |
| Automation suitability | Less suitable when a workflow must avoid storing or supplying passwords. | Well suited to repeatable transfers when the key and its access controls are managed correctly. |
| Key management | No key file is required. | You must protect, locate, and, when applicable, unlock the private key. |
| Provider support | Works only if password authentication is enabled for the account. | Works only if the matching public key is authorized and the SSH service accepts public-key authentication. |
Set up an SSH key for Cyberduck
The key pair has two deliberately different parts. The private key stays on your computer and should not be copied to the VPS. The public key is the part an administrator installs for the remote account.
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- Obtain or create an SSH key pair on the client computer.
- Give the public-key portion to the VPS administrator, or use the provider’s account tools to add it to the remote account.
- Have the administrator place that public key in the account’s
~/.ssh/authorized_keysfile. - Keep the matching private-key file on the computer running Cyberduck.
- In Cyberduck’s connection window, select SSH Private Key → Choose and select that private-key file.
- If the private key is protected by a passphrase, provide it when Cyberduck requests it.
- Select Connect and complete the host-key check.
A key can be valid yet still fail if it is authorized for a different username. The public key must be installed for the same account entered in Cyberduck’s Username field.
Use an SSH agent without offering the wrong keys
Cyberduck can use identities supplied by an SSH agent. An agent may hold several keys, and the server can reject the connection after too many unproductive authentication attempts. Cyberduck reports this condition as Too many authentication failures.
To limit what the SSH client offers, define an OpenSSH configuration rule with IdentitiesOnly yes and the intended IdentityFile. Alternatively, select the intended private key explicitly in Cyberduck instead of allowing every agent identity to be tried. The objective is to present the key authorized for this VPS account before the server reaches its authentication-attempt limit.
Verify the host key safely
The host key is the SSH server’s identity. Cyberduck’s first-connection prompt is not a password question: it is asking whether the server’s displayed fingerprint matches the fingerprint you trust. Cyberduck describes this event as follows: “Upon connecting to an SSH server for the first time, you will see a message to verify the host key uniquely identifying the server.”
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- Pause at the verification prompt instead of accepting automatically.
- Obtain the expected fingerprint from the VPS provider or the administrator through a trusted channel.
- Compare the expected fingerprint character by character with the fingerprint shown by Cyberduck.
- Accept the key only when the values match.
- If Cyberduck later warns that the host key changed, stop and verify the new fingerprint again before accepting it.
A changed key can have an innocent explanation, such as a rebuilt VPS, but the warning must be resolved by verification rather than dismissed. If nobody can confirm the new fingerprint, do not proceed with the connection.
Troubleshoot a failed Cyberduck connection
Cyberduck cannot reach the server
Recheck the hostname or IP address first, then confirm the port. A correct username and key cannot help if Cyberduck is connecting to the wrong address or a closed port. Check whether the VPS firewall allows the SSH port, whether a local firewall blocks outbound access, and whether an SSH service is listening on the VPS. Cyberduck documents firewall blocking and a missing listener as causes of connection-open failures.
- Confirm that the server field contains the VPS address, not a website URL.
- Confirm the provider’s SSH port instead of assuming 22.
- Check the VPS firewall rules for that port.
- Check local network or firewall restrictions.
- Ask the administrator to confirm that the SSH service is running and listening.
Authentication failed
Verify the username and, for password login, re-enter the password carefully. For key login, confirm that Cyberduck is using the intended private-key file, that its passphrase is correct, and that the matching public key is in the remote account’s ~/.ssh/authorized_keys file. A key installed for one account will not authenticate a different account.
Too many authentication failures
This normally means an SSH agent offered several identities before the correct one was accepted. Configure IdentitiesOnly yes with the intended IdentityFile, or select that key explicitly in Cyberduck. Limiting the offered identities prevents unrelated keys from consuming the server’s allowed attempts.
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The host-key warning changed
Do not accept a changed key merely to make the warning disappear. Stop, obtain the current fingerprint from the provider or administrator, and compare it with Cyberduck’s value. Continue only after the change has been explained and verified.
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The connection succeeds but opens the wrong directory
Use the remote path setting or a bookmark’s Path option after the connection succeeds. This changes the directory Cyberduck opens without changing the server, port, username, or authentication method. Save the connection as a bookmark when you regularly use the same path or other connection settings.
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Bookmarks preserve additional connection settings so you do not have to re-enter them for every session. After confirming that the connection works, save the server details and set the bookmark’s Path to the remote directory you use most often. Recheck the saved username, port, and selected key if the server’s access policy changes.
A bookmark does not bypass SSH authorization. It simply reuses connection settings; the VPS must still be reachable, the account must still be permitted, and the key or password must still be valid.
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Use OpenSSH configuration for aliases and bastion hosts
Cyberduck reads relevant OpenSSH settings, which makes it possible to centralize connection details in an SSH configuration rather than repeating them in every application. Supported settings include:
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This is useful when a VPS is reachable only through an intermediate bastion, when several servers use memorable aliases, or when an agent contains many keys. The settings must still describe a working route and an authorized account; configuration does not remove firewall or SSH-service requirements.
Use Cyberduck’s command-line tool for scripted transfers
Cyberduck also provides the duck command-line tool. It accepts SFTP URIs and can be given an identity or private-key path for public-key authentication. This makes it appropriate for scripted or repeatable transfers. The desktop application remains the better fit for interactive browsing and drag-and-drop file work.
| Workflow | Best fit | Why |
|---|---|---|
| Interactive file browsing | Cyberduck desktop app | Visual navigation, remote-directory browsing, and drag-and-drop transfers. |
| Repeatable or scripted transfers | duck command-line tool |
SFTP URIs and an explicit identity/private-key path can be incorporated into repeatable commands. |
Whether you use the graphical app or the command line, the underlying requirements are the same: an SSH-enabled VPS, the correct address and port, an authorized username, and valid password or key authentication.
Quick Recap
Final connection checklist
- Select SFTP (SSH File Transfer Protocol), not FTP.
- Use the VPS hostname or IP address supplied by the provider.
- Enter the configured SSH port; do not assume it is 22.
- Use the correct VPS username.
- Choose the account password or the private key whose public half is authorized for that username.
- Check the VPS and local firewalls if Cyberduck cannot reach the server.
- Confirm that an SSH service is listening on the selected port.
- Compare the first-connection host fingerprint with the provider’s or administrator’s fingerprint.
- If authentication fails, check the username, password, key file, passphrase, and
authorized_keys. - If Cyberduck reports too many authentication failures, limit agent identities with
IdentitiesOnly yesor select the intended key explicitly. - Set a bookmark Path when the session should open in a specific remote directory.
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