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One free scan finds every outdated or missing driver and matches the right update for your exact hardware.Free scan · exact hardware matchFor a one-time transfer, use scp. For recurring copies, backups, or a large directory tree, use rsync over SSH. Use sftp when you need to browse a server and choose files interactively. All three require network reachability, an account that can log in to the destination, read permission on the source, and write permission on the destination.
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The examples below use server-a for the source, server-b for the destination, and user for the account. Replace those names and paths with your own values, and verify permissions before moving live game saves, configuration files, or other server data.
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The practical choice depends on whether you are making a single copy, maintaining a synchronized tree, or working interactively. OpenSSH documentation describes scp simply: “scp copies files between hosts on a network.” The rsync manual calls rsync “a fast and extraordinarily versatile file copying tool.”
| Method | Best for | What it does well | Main limitation |
|---|---|---|---|
scp |
A straightforward, one-off file or directory copy | Short commands and the same SSH authentication used for a normal login | It normally sends the selected data again on each run; it is not a synchronization planner |
rsync over SSH |
Repeat transfers, backups, deployments, and large directory trees | Delta transfers, progress display, partial-file retention, and optional metadata preservation | Its archive behavior depends on permissions and filesystem support; one local rsync process cannot arbitrarily copy between two remote hosts |
sftp |
Interactive browsing and selecting several files | A shell-like session with commands such as put and remote permission changes with chmod |
Less convenient than one scp command for a scripted copy and less specialized than rsync for mirroring |
All of these tools use SSH-based access patterns. A successful SSH login proves that authentication worked; it does not prove that the account can write the target directory or preserve every requested piece of metadata.
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Prepare both servers before copying
Confirm network access and the destination path
Resolve the destination hostname or use an address that the source can reach. Then check the account, directory, and write access in one SSH command:
ssh user@server-b 'id && test -d /remote/path && test -w /remote/path'A successful command produces the account identity and exits successfully only when /remote/path exists and is writable. If the directory does not exist, create it through an approved administrative process or choose an existing directory; do not assume that a login account may create directories anywhere on the filesystem.
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ls -l /source/pathFor a directory, inspect the directory itself and any files that must be copied. Read access to a parent directory, file ownership, access-control rules, and special filesystem mounts can all affect the result.
Plan around live files
If a game server or another service is actively writing a save, database, log, or configuration file, stop or quiesce that service before copying when consistency matters. A transfer can faithfully copy bytes that are changing underneath it without producing a usable application state. Resume the service only after the destination copy has been checked.
Decide whether metadata matters
Plain file content may be enough for a downloaded save or an archive. Executable deployments, service directories, and permission-sensitive game data may also need timestamps, symbolic links, modes, owners, or groups. Rsync can request those attributes, but the destination account, filesystem, and operating-system policy still determine what can actually be applied.
Copy a file once with scp
scp uses the SFTP protocol over an SSH connection and the same authentication and security as an SSH login. The simplest direction is from the machine where you run the command to the destination server.
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Local file to the other server
scp /local/path/file user@server-b:/remote/path/The final slash indicates the destination directory. The account must be able to create the resulting file there. To make the remote filename explicit, use a complete target path such as user@server-b:/remote/path/file.
Copy a directory recursively
scp -r /local/path/directory user@server-b:/remote/path/The -r option is required for a directory tree. This copies the directory and its contents under the destination path. Check the resulting layout before starting a service: a source named directory will commonly appear as /remote/path/directory, not as the contents directly in /remote/path.
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Copy from the other server to this machine
scp user@server-a:/remote/path/file /local/path/This reverses the direction. You still need read permission on the remote file and write permission in the local destination directory.
Use a particular SSH identity
scp -i /path/to/key /local/path/file user@server-b:/remote/path/The identity file must be readable by the intended user and should be protected from other local users. If the key has a passphrase, enter it when prompted or use an approved SSH agent or secret-management process rather than placing the passphrase in a script.
When scp is the better choice
- You are moving one file or one directory once.
- The command needs to be easy to read and audit.
- You do not need a dry run, delta calculation, or a carefully controlled mirror.
- The destination layout is already known and the account has the required permissions.
For repeated runs, scp generally has to examine and send the selected data again. That is the point at which rsync usually becomes more useful.
Synchronize trees with rsync over SSH
Rsync can copy to or from another host through a remote shell. Its delta-transfer algorithm sends only differences between source and destination, which is valuable for recurring backups, server migrations, and large game-data trees in which only a few files change between runs.
A first local-to-remote synchronization
rsync -avP /local/path/ user@server-b:/remote/path/Here, -a requests archive behavior, -v increases the visible output, and -P combines progress reporting with retention of partial files. The trailing slash on /local/path/ is significant: it means “copy the contents of this directory.”
Understand the trailing slash
| Source expression | Typical result under /remote/path/ |
Use it when |
|---|---|---|
/source/ |
The contents of source are placed in /remote/path/ |
The destination directory should receive the files inside the source directory |
/source |
The source directory itself is generally created under /remote/path/ |
You want a new /remote/path/source directory containing the tree |
Because a missing slash can produce a different layout, perform a dry run whenever the destination already contains important data.
Preview changes without writing
rsync -avP --dry-run /local/path/ user@server-b:/remote/path/A dry run lists the operations rsync would perform but does not copy them. Review additions, deletions (when deletion options are introduced), and path names before running the real command. The command shown does not request deletion, so files already present at the destination are not automatically removed merely because they are absent from the source.
Pull data from server-a
rsync -avP user@server-a:/remote/path/ /local/path/This runs rsync locally and reads the remote source over SSH. The local account needs write access to /local/path/.
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What archive mode can and cannot preserve
Archive mode asks rsync to preserve the metadata covered by its archive behavior, including the attributes that the invoking account and destination filesystem permit. Ownership and group changes commonly require elevated privileges; a non-root account may copy the file content and mode while being unable to assign the original owner or group. Symbolic links, devices, and special files also depend on filesystem support and policy. Treat the command’s successful exit as evidence that the requested operations completed, not as a guarantee that every attribute became identical.
Why rsync is efficient for repeat jobs
On a later run, rsync compares source and destination and transfers changed portions rather than blindly retransmitting every unchanged file. The progress and partial-file behavior from -P is useful over a slow or interruption-prone link: an interrupted transfer can retain partial data for a later attempt. Confirm your operational and security policies before retaining partial files on a shared destination.
Copy between two remote servers: understand the rsync limitation
The rsync manual states that rsync copies to or from a remote host or locally; it does not support arbitrary copying between two remote hosts from one local rsync process. Therefore, a command that names both server-a: and server-b: is not a general remote-to-remote operation that you can expect to work from your workstation.
Run the transfer from one endpoint
If server-a can authenticate to server-b and has the required permissions, start rsync on server-a through SSH:
ssh user@server-a 'rsync -avP /remote/path/ user@server-b:/remote/path/'In this design, the rsync process that reads the source runs on server-a. The source account must be able to connect onward to server-b, and the destination account must be able to write the target directory. Configure and test that second SSH hop before scheduling the command.
Use a staging machine
When the servers cannot connect directly, copy from server-a to a local or controlled staging directory, then copy that staged tree to server-b. This costs an extra storage location and transfer but keeps each SSH connection simple and makes it easier to inspect the intermediate data.
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Check the topology before automation
- Can the machine that runs rsync resolve and reach the destination hostname?
- Does the source account have a usable authentication method for the second hop?
- Are both source reads and destination writes allowed?
- Is there enough temporary space if staging is required?
Use SFTP for an interactive session
SFTP is useful when you want to browse, transfer a few selected files, and make decisions as you go. Start a session against the destination:
sftp user@server-bAt the sftp> prompt, upload one file, upload a directory recursively, and leave the session as follows:
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sftp> put /local/path/file /remote/path/file
sftp> put -r /local/path/directory /remote/path/
sftp> exitUse the session’s directory-navigation commands to inspect the remote location before uploading. The SFTP manual documents an interactive copy oldpath newpath command and remote permission changes with chmod; use those only when the account is authorized to alter the target mode.
When SFTP is preferable
- You need to transfer several unrelated files selected during a maintenance session.
- You want to inspect remote directories between uploads.
- You need interactive commands rather than a single scripted operation.
For a reproducible deployment or nightly synchronization, keep the operation in an rsync command or script instead of relying on a manually typed SFTP session.
Set up key-based authentication for repeat transfers
Typing a password for every scheduled copy is both inconvenient and difficult to automate safely. Use a dedicated destination account with only the permissions required for the transfer, then install a public key for that account.
-
On the machine that will initiate transfers, create or select an SSH key according to your organization’s policy. Keep the private key readable only by its intended user.
-
Install the public key in the destination account with:
ssh-copy-id user@server-bThe
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Test the login explicitly:
ssh user@server-b 'id' -
Run the intended
scp,rsync, orsftpcommand and confirm that it uses the expected account and destination.
Protect a passphrase-protected private key through an SSH agent or an approved secret-management process. Do not put private keys, passphrases, or unrestricted administrative credentials in a game-server script or world-readable backup.
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Permissions, ownership, and common failures
“Permission denied” at the destination
Re-run the preflight test against the exact directory:
ssh user@server-b 'id && test -d /remote/path && test -w /remote/path'If it fails, use a directory owned by the account, request an administrator to create and grant the required path, or transfer to a permitted staging directory and perform an approved move afterward. Do not solve a narrow transfer by granting broad write access to an entire filesystem.
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The source cannot be read
Check the source path with ls -l and verify every parent directory. A service account may be able to run the game but not read a neighboring user’s files, and a mounted volume may not be present in the shell or scheduled-job environment.
The command copied into the wrong directory
Compare the command’s source trailing slash and the destination spelling. With rsync, /source/ and /source intentionally produce different directory layouts. With scp, an explicit destination filename avoids ambiguity.
Files arrive but ownership is wrong
Content transfer and ownership assignment are separate permissions. Archive mode may preserve timestamps and modes while refusing an owner or group change that the destination account is not allowed to make. Have an administrator apply an approved ownership change, or run the transfer as a suitably restricted account that is authorized to preserve it.
The transfer stops partway through
For rsync, -P keeps partial files and shows progress, allowing a later run to continue efficiently. For scp or SFTP, rerun the operation after checking available space and connectivity; verify the final file size and, where your operational process supports it, a checksum generated independently on both ends.
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Login and file access are different checks. Confirm the exact source and destination paths, account, mount availability, disk space, and directory permissions. In a remote-to-remote design, test the second hop from the endpoint that actually runs rsync rather than testing only from your workstation.
Practical workflows for Linux game servers
Move a one-time save or configuration file
- Stop the game service or otherwise prevent the file from changing.
- Verify that the destination account can write the target directory.
- Use
scp /srv/game-data/world/save.dat user@server-b:/srv/game-data/world/. - Inspect the destination ownership and mode before restarting the service.
Mirror a large game-data directory after maintenance
- Stop or quiesce the service and decide whether the destination should receive the directory’s contents or the directory itself.
- Preview with
rsync -avP --dry-run /srv/game-data/ user@server-b:/srv/game-data/. - Run the same command without
--dry-runafter reviewing the paths. - Check logs and application readability on server-b before switching players or traffic to it.
Maintain a recurring backup
Use a dedicated account and key restricted to the needed destination, schedule an rsync command from the machine with the clearest network path, and retain logs of the command output. Decide separately how long to retain old backups; a basic rsync copy mirrors current files but is not, by itself, a versioned backup system.
Quick Recap
A safe decision checklist
- Choose scp for one uncomplicated copy.
- Choose rsync over SSH for repeat transfers, large trees, delta efficiency, progress, or partial-file retention.
- Choose SFTP for an interactive session with browsing and selected uploads.
- Use a trailing slash deliberately with rsync.
- Use
--dry-runbefore a consequential synchronization. - Verify source read and destination write permissions with SSH and local path checks.
- Remember that rsync does not perform arbitrary remote-to-remote copying from one local process.
- Use a least-privilege account and protected key for automation.
- Validate the resulting path, ownership, permissions, and application behavior before declaring the transfer complete.
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