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What server mode is
Server mode is pgAdmin 4’s normal web-deployment model from version 2 onward. The desktop runtime changes that behavior automatically, but a server installation is intended for browser access by multiple authenticated users.
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- Initialization creates an initial superuser; that account can create additional superusers and non-superusers.
- Each user’s file access is restricted to a virtual root below the configured
STORAGE_DIR. - Some features require affinity to one database connection, so the deployment should use one Python process. Threads within that process are compatible with the representative Gunicorn setup, but multiple independent workers are not a safe default.
There is no published general user-count limit or performance benchmark in the official deployment material. Treat the documented Gunicorn values as a configuration example, not a capacity promise.
Choose a deployment shape before installing
Decide whether the host or a container will own the application files, and whether pgAdmin will be exposed directly or through a reverse proxy. The choice changes where you keep the configuration database, sessions, and storage.
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| Choice | Best fit | Operational points |
|---|---|---|
| Native package or Python wheel | A host-managed service with local files and an operating-system service account | You manage Python/package paths, writable directories, upgrades, and the WSGI server. |
| Gunicorn or uWSGI directly | A simple internal endpoint or a deployment where another gateway already exists | Run one Python process; use the installed pgAdmin application module and match paths to the package or wheel. |
| NGINX, Caddy, or Apache in front | Public HTTPS, centralized access logging, certificates, and a stable front door | Proxy to Gunicorn or uWSGI over a local TCP port or Unix socket. Sanitize forwarding headers. |
| Official container | Docker, Kubernetes-style orchestration, or a restricted host | Use dpage/pgadmin4, supply first-run credentials, persist the documented data/configuration locations, and expose a permitted port. |
| Root URL versus sub-directory | Root hosting is simpler; a path such as /pgadmin4 is useful when sharing one hostname |
A sub-directory requires matching application and proxy prefix settings. A root deployment avoids that class of redirect and cookie errors. |
Prepare a host-managed installation
Install the package or wheel
Use the package or Python-wheel method appropriate to the operating system, then identify the installed pgAdmin application module and the account that will run the web server. Keep the application code readable by that account, but do not make its private data world-writable.
Do not assume that paths from one installation method apply to another. The Gunicorn executable, Python environment, application module, configuration database, session directory, and STORAGE_DIR can all differ between a distribution package and a wheel-based virtual environment.
Create local settings without editing vendor defaults
When a default needs to change, create config_local.py beside pgAdmin’s config.py. This local file is the durable place for deployment-specific settings; editing the shipped file makes upgrades harder to audit and preserve.
Keep secrets and deployment-only values in the service’s protected configuration mechanism. The process must be able to read the local settings, while unrelated users should not be able to alter them.
Set directory ownership and permissions
Before the first launch, verify write access for every location pgAdmin uses at runtime:
- the configuration database location;
- session storage;
- the configured
STORAGE_DIRand its virtual-root contents; and - any other data directory selected by the package or local configuration.
Grant write permission to the account that runs Gunicorn, uWSGI, Apache’s WSGI process, or the container process. Keep these directories private to the service account and administrators. A successful page load does not prove that uploads, sessions, or configuration writes will work; test those operations after initialization.
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Initialize authentication and the first account
- Start pgAdmin through the selected WSGI server or container entrypoint.
- Open the web endpoint in a browser. Server mode requires authentication before the interface is usable.
- Complete first-run initialization and create the initial superuser with a protected email address and password.
- Sign in with that account and create additional superusers or non-superusers according to your access policy.
- After confirming login, test a normal user account so that permissions and the virtual file root are not being inferred from superuser behavior.
Protect the initial credentials as carefully as any other administrative account. If the service is internet-facing, terminate HTTPS at the proxy or enable TLS in the container before distributing the login URL.
Run pgAdmin with one Python process
Gunicorn and uWSGI are supported standalone WSGI options. The important constraint is process count: features that depend on one database connection should not be split across independent Python workers. A representative Gunicorn invocation is:
gunicorn --workers=1 --threads=25 {{PGADMIN_APP_MODULE}}Replace {{PGADMIN_APP_MODULE}} with the application module exposed by your installed package or wheel. Run the command from the environment containing pgAdmin, or use the full path to that environment’s Gunicorn executable. The documented --workers=1 --threads=25 values illustrate one process with multiple threads; they are not a measured throughput target or a promise that every installation should use exactly 25 threads.
If you choose uWSGI, apply the same one-process principle and pass the equivalent application, socket, and environment settings for your installation. Apache with mod_wsgi is another supported host-managed pattern. In every case, verify that the WSGI server can read config_local.py and write the runtime directories before putting a proxy in front.
Place NGINX, Caddy, or Apache in front
A reverse proxy can provide HTTPS, a public hostname, and access logs while Gunicorn or uWSGI listens only on localhost or a Unix socket. The proxy must pass requests to the WSGI server without allowing the browser to dictate pgAdmin’s idea of its external URL.
Sanitize forwarding headers
pgAdmin honors X-Script-Name and X-Scheme unconditionally. Consequently, the proxy must overwrite these headers with trusted values or remove them before forwarding a request. Never pass arbitrary client-supplied values through unchanged.
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- Set
X-Schemefrom the connection scheme that the proxy actually accepted, such as HTTPS, rather than trusting a value supplied by the client. - Set
X-Script-Nameto the configured external path when pgAdmin is mounted below a prefix; use an empty or absent value for a root deployment. - Apply the same policy on every matching location, including redirects generated for the bare path.
Proxy to a local TCP port or Unix socket. Keep the upstream private unless there is a deliberate reason to expose it directly; the public endpoint should be the proxy, not an unprotected WSGI listener.
Host pgAdmin at /pgadmin4 without redirect loops
Sub-directory hosting is a coordinated setting, not just an NGINX location name. Configure all three layers:
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SCRIPT_NAME=/pgadmin4for Gunicorn or uWSGI. - Proxy forwarding: preserve the
/pgadmin4prefix when forwarding and set the matching trustedX-Script-Nameheader. - Path matching: proxy both the exact bare path
/pgadmin4and the wildcard path/pgadmin4/*. The bare request must reach pgAdmin so its redirect is generated under the same prefix.
Keep cookie scope and any external URL settings consistent with that prefix. If one layer removes the prefix while another generates links with it, the browser can receive a login redirect or session cookie aimed at the site root. The visible symptoms are a redirect loop, a login page that never establishes a session, or links that unexpectedly leave the sub-directory.
When troubleshooting, inspect the browser’s redirect location and cookie path first. A location header pointing to / instead of /pgadmin4 indicates that SCRIPT_NAME, proxy path preservation, or X-Script-Name is inconsistent. A cookie scoped to the wrong path produces a similar result even when the first page appears correct.
Deploy the official container
Supply first-run credentials
The official image is dpage/pgadmin4. Provide the documented first-run variables:
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PGADMIN_DEFAULT_PASSWORD=use-a-long-unique-secretThe values above illustrate the variable names; choose an address and secret appropriate to your environment. The entrypoint uses them to initialize the first account, so treat the password as an administrative credential rather than a disposable test value.
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Persist data and configuration
Map the documented pgAdmin data/configuration locations to durable host or orchestration volumes. Without persistent mounts, the configuration database, sessions, and other instance state can disappear when the container is replaced. Ensure the container process can write those mounts and that the host permissions do not expose them to unrelated users.
Container environment variables beginning with PGADMIN_CONFIG_ can override settings. For durable, reviewable local changes, config_local.py remains the preferred override mechanism when the image and deployment layout support it.
Enable container TLS when the proxy is not terminating HTTPS
Set PGADMIN_ENABLE_TLS=True and mount the certificate and private key where the image expects them. If a reverse proxy already terminates HTTPS, keep the internal hop protected according to your network trust model and ensure the proxy supplies the correct trusted scheme header.
Understand servers.json timing
Definitions in servers.json are imported when the configuration database is created for the first time. They are not reloaded on every restart. To change those definitions after initialization, use pgAdmin’s administration interface or deliberately manage the configuration database; restarting the same container alone will not re-import the file.
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Use non-privileged ports in restricted environments
OpenShift and containers launched with --cap-drop=ALL are supported deployment contexts. When the security context does not permit privileged ports, the entrypoint can select non-privileged listeners such as HTTP port 8080 and TLS port 8443. Publish or route those internal ports through the platform’s service or ingress rather than granting extra capabilities solely to bind a low port.
Security and operations checklist
- Terminate HTTPS at the reverse proxy or enable container TLS before exposing the login endpoint.
- Protect the initial superuser email and password, and create separate accounts with only the required role.
- Restrict write access to the configuration database, session storage,
STORAGE_DIR, and local settings. - Run one Python process. Do not increase Gunicorn or uWSGI worker count to chase capacity without an architecture that preserves the connection affinity required by pgAdmin features.
- Overwrite or remove incoming
X-Script-NameandX-Schemeheaders. - For a URL prefix, test both the bare prefix and a path below it, then verify redirect locations and cookie scope.
- Persist container data/configuration mounts and document which files are initialization-only.
- Keep the WSGI socket or local TCP listener inaccessible from untrusted networks when a reverse proxy is present.
Troubleshooting by symptom
The page loads, but login redirects to the site root
Check whether the deployment is intended to live at the root or at /pgadmin4. For the sub-directory case, set SCRIPT_NAME=/pgadmin4, preserve that prefix in the proxy, send the matching X-Script-Name, and proxy both exact and wildcard paths. Remove any client-provided conflicting headers.
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Login succeeds but the session immediately disappears
Inspect the cookie path and external scheme. A root-scoped cookie in a sub-directory deployment, or a scheme mismatch between HTTPS at the proxy and HTTP at the upstream, can prevent the browser from returning the cookie as pgAdmin expects. Correct the coordinated prefix and trusted scheme settings, then clear the old cookie and retry.
Uploads or saved files fail with a permission error
Confirm that the actual service account—not just your interactive shell user—can write the configuration database, session directory, and STORAGE_DIR. Check parent-directory traversal permissions as well as the final directory, and keep the resulting access limited to the service account and administrators.
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The proxy returns a gateway error
Verify that Gunicorn or uWSGI is running, that the proxy points to the same Unix socket or local TCP port, and that the WSGI process can import the installed application module. A package and its virtual environment can expose different executable paths, so use the environment in which pgAdmin was installed.
Adding a worker appears to break features
Return to one Python process. pgAdmin documentation warns that some features need affinity to one database connection; multiple independent workers can route related requests to different connections and produce failures that do not occur with the single-process arrangement.
Container server definitions did not change after a restart
That behavior is expected when the configuration database already exists. servers.json is consumed during first configuration-database creation, not every restart. Change the definitions through the running instance or recreate the initialization state only when that data loss is intentional and backed up.
The container cannot bind its configured port
In restricted security contexts, use the non-privileged HTTP and TLS ports supported by the entrypoint—8080 and 8443 are the documented examples—and route traffic through the platform or an ingress controller. Do not add capabilities merely to bind a low port unless your security policy explicitly permits it.
Root URL or sub-directory: which should you use?
| Requirement | Root deployment | /pgadmin4 deployment |
|---|---|---|
| Application setting | No path prefix is required. | Set SCRIPT_NAME=/pgadmin4. |
| Proxy paths | Match the root endpoint and its descendants. | Match both /pgadmin4 and /pgadmin4/*. |
| Forwarded script header | Remove or set an empty trusted value. | Set X-Script-Name=/pgadmin4 after removing the client value. |
| Failure most often seen | Incorrect scheme or unsanitized headers. | Redirects, links, or cookies aimed at the site root. |
| Operational complexity | Lower. | Higher, because application, proxy, and cookie scope must agree. |
If you control a dedicated hostname, root hosting is the less error-prone choice. Use a sub-directory when the shared hostname requirement justifies the additional coordination and test both prefix paths before granting users access.
Quick Recap
Final verification before handing over the URL
- Open the public URL over HTTPS and confirm that the browser remains on the intended host and path.
- Log in as the initial superuser, then test a separate non-superuser account.
- Create a small server definition or other permitted object and confirm that the configuration database is writable.
- Exercise a file operation and confirm that it remains within the user’s virtual root.
- Restart the WSGI process or container and verify that state persists from the configured directories or mapped volumes.
- Review proxy logs for unexpected client-supplied forwarding headers and ensure the upstream listener is not publicly reachable.
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