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On Ubuntu or Debian, the most predictable way to install Supervisor is the distribution package: run sudo apt-get update, then sudo apt-get install supervisor. The package registers supervisor.service with systemd. You define each application in a separate [program:name] section under /etc/supervisor/conf.d/, then make Supervisor notice changes with sudo supervisorctl reread followed by sudo supervisorctl update. Use sudo supervisorctl status for process state and inspect /var/log/supervisor/ when something fails.
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What Supervisor is and where it fits
Supervisor is a client/server process-control system for UNIX-like operating systems. The long-running server, supervisord, starts configured child programs, watches them, restarts them after crashes, and records their standard output and standard error. The command-line client, supervisorctl, sends control commands to that daemon.
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Install Supervisor from Ubuntu or Debian repositories
Update package metadata and install
- Log in with an account allowed to use
sudo. - Refresh the local package index:
sudo apt-get update- Install the package:
sudo apt-get install supervisorThe apt package supplies the daemon, the control client, the default configuration layout, and a systemd unit. On Ubuntu 24.04 the unit is named supervisor.service and is described as “Supervisor process control system for UNIX.”
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Confirm that the service is available
sudo systemctl status supervisorA running service means systemd has started supervisord. If the service is inactive or failed, the status output normally includes the immediate reason; the daemon log at /var/log/supervisor/supervisord.log provides the next level of detail.
To have systemd start Supervisor automatically on boot, enable the unit and start it immediately:
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Check the installed version
supervisord -vUpstream documentation currently describes Supervisor 4.3.0, but Ubuntu and Debian repositories can ship an older release. Always use the version printed on your machine when interpreting option availability or behavior.
APT package or pip installation?
Both installation styles exist, but they have different operational consequences. For a conventional Ubuntu or Debian server, apt is generally the lower-effort choice because it follows the distribution’s systemd and filesystem conventions.
| Consideration | APT package | pip installation |
|---|---|---|
| Install command | sudo apt-get update followed by sudo apt-get install supervisor |
Install the Python package yourself; the exact command and environment depend on your Python and virtual-environment policy |
| Service integration | Provides the distribution’s supervisor.service systemd integration |
You must create and maintain your own service integration |
| Configuration conventions | Uses /etc/supervisor/supervisord.conf and the included /etc/supervisor/conf.d/ directory |
You must choose and maintain the configuration location and include layout |
| Upgrades | Managed with the operating system’s package updates; repository versions may lag upstream | Managed independently of apt; you are responsible for the Python environment and service files |
| Best fit | Most Ubuntu and Debian VPS or servers that want standard system administration | Environments that deliberately need an independently managed Python package and are prepared to own the additional service setup |
Do not mix a pip-managed daemon with an apt-managed service unless you intentionally understand which executable and configuration file systemd will launch. Two installations can leave you troubleshooting the wrong binary or the wrong configuration tree.
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Understand the Supervisor configuration layout
The main file and included directory
The conventional main file is /etc/supervisor/supervisord.conf. It includes every file ending in .conf in /etc/supervisor/conf.d/. Keep one application per file so that a change is easy to review and reload.
/etc/supervisor/supervisord.conf
/etc/supervisor/conf.d/myapp.conf
/var/log/supervisor/supervisord.logA file in conf.d is not automatically applied as soon as it is saved. Supervisor reads the directory when told to do so; the reload procedure is covered below.
Create a program definition
Create a file such as /etc/supervisor/conf.d/myapp.conf with a section named for the program:
[program:myapp]
command=/usr/bin/python3 /srv/myapp/app.py
directory=/srv/myapp
user=www-data
autorestart=unexpected
stdout_logfile=/var/log/myapp/out.log
stderr_logfile=/var/log/myapp/err.logChange every example value to match your server. In this example, Supervisor starts Python with an absolute interpreter path, changes to /srv/myapp before launching, drops privileges to www-data, and writes the child process’s output streams to the two specified files.
What the important options do
commandis the complete foreground command Supervisor launches. Use absolute paths when possible so the service does not depend on an interactive shell’s environment.directorysets the working directory before the command starts. Relative file paths used by the application are interpreted from this directory.userruns the child as a named account instead of leaving it at the daemon’s privilege level. The account must be able to read the application and write any files or logs the command needs.autorestart=unexpectedasks Supervisor to restart the process when it exits unexpectedly, while not treating a clean, expected exit as a crash.stdout_logfileandstderr_logfiledirect the child’s standard output and error streams to explicit files. Create the parent directory and set permissions that allow the configured account to write there.
Use a unique name after program:. That name is the handle used by supervisorctl start, stop, and restart.
Apply a new or edited configuration correctly
Supervisor does not watch conf.d continuously. After adding or changing a program file, always perform these two operations in order:
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- Ask the daemon to scan the configuration files:
sudo supervisorctl reread- Apply the changes it reported:
sudo supervisorctl update| Command | Effect | What it does not do |
|---|---|---|
reread |
Reports which program definitions were added, changed, or removed after scanning the files | Does not start or stop those programs by itself |
update |
Starts new programs, restarts programs whose definitions changed, and removes deleted programs while leaving unrelated programs untouched | Does not replace a full daemon restart |
restart supervisor or restarting the systemd unit |
Restarts the entire Supervisor daemon | Is not the normal way to apply one application’s configuration edit |
For routine edits, use reread then update, not a restart of supervisord. This limits the blast radius: unchanged applications keep running while only the affected definitions are reconciled.
Manage programs with supervisorctl
See every configured program
sudo supervisorctl statusThe status command queries the daemon and lists each known program with its current state. Run it after installation, after update, and whenever an application appears unavailable.
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sudo supervisorctl start myapp
sudo supervisorctl stop myapp
sudo supervisorctl restart myappReplace myapp with the name in your [program:myapp] section. These commands control the child process; they do not alter the configuration file. If you edit the file, return to the reread and update sequence.
Use the interactive shell when several actions are needed
sudo supervisorctlThe client opens a shell-like interface to the daemon. This is convenient for checking status and issuing several start or stop operations without repeatedly invoking the executable. Exit the shell with its standard quit command.
Manage a group of programs
If you define several programs, call the individual names explicitly when you need a predictable change. A broad command can affect more processes than intended, so verify the names shown by supervisorctl status before acting on a production server.
Make a program survive crashes and reboots
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Set autorestart=unexpected when a clean exit means the job completed but an abnormal exit should be retried. This setting is a policy choice: a process that exits immediately because of a bad command or missing file can be restarted repeatedly, so investigate the first failure instead of assuming that automatic restarts solve it.
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Systemd starts supervisor.service when the unit is enabled. Once supervisord is running, it reads the main configuration and its included conf.d files. Keep the application definitions in that included directory, confirm the unit is enabled, and verify the resulting program state with sudo supervisorctl status after a reboot or service start.
Do not confuse a machine reboot with a configuration deployment. A file copied into conf.d still needs reread and update if Supervisor is already running.
Troubleshoot a program that will not start
1. Confirm that the daemon itself is healthy
sudo systemctl status supervisor
sudo supervisorctl statusIf systemd reports a failed unit, read /var/log/supervisor/supervisord.log before changing the child configuration. A client connection error often means the daemon is stopped or did not successfully load its main configuration.
2. Check that Supervisor noticed the file
sudo supervisorctl reread
sudo supervisorctl update
sudo supervisorctl statusIf reread reports no change when you expected one, verify the file is under /etc/supervisor/conf.d/, ends in .conf, and contains a correctly spelled [program:name] section. A file outside the included directory will not be loaded by the conventional layout.
3. Run the exact command and paths as the configured user
Check the executable in command, the script path, and directory. An interactive shell may find a command through PATH that systemd or Supervisor cannot. Use the absolute interpreter or executable path shown in the configuration. Then test whether the account named by user can read the application, enter the working directory, and access required files.
4. Inspect child output and the daemon log
Read the files configured by stdout_logfile and stderr_logfile, along with /var/log/supervisor/supervisord.log. Together they distinguish an application error from a Supervisor or configuration error. If a log cannot be opened, create its parent directory and correct ownership and permissions for the process that must write it.
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5. Look for an intentional clean exit
With autorestart=unexpected, a program that exits cleanly is not treated as a crash. If the command is a one-shot task rather than a long-running service, a stopped state may be the expected result. For a worker that should remain alive, inspect its own output for a missing environment variable, unavailable dependency, invalid working directory, or another startup condition.
Optional HTTP control interface
Supervisor can expose an HTTP control endpoint through an [inet_http_server] block. Treat it as an administrative console, not as a public status page.
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[inet_http_server]
port=127.0.0.1:9001
username=admin
password=change-thisBind it to localhost unless you have a specific, secured reason to expose it elsewhere. The interface can control processes, so a network-reachable listener is a direct management surface. Configuration files can contain credentials in plaintext; restrict their permissions so unprivileged users cannot read them. If remote administration is required, prefer a protected tunnel or other access control rather than exposing the listener broadly.
Upgrade and version considerations
The upstream documentation set describes Supervisor 4.3.0, while Ubuntu and Debian package versions are controlled by each distribution release and repository. Before relying on a feature or diagnosing a version-specific difference, record the local result of:
supervisord -v
apt-cache policy supervisorUse apt’s normal upgrade process for an apt installation and review the package’s service status afterward. Preserve your files under /etc/supervisor/, then run sudo supervisorctl reread, sudo supervisorctl update, and sudo supervisorctl status to confirm that the applications are still recognized and running as intended.
Quick Recap
Operational checklist
- Install with
sudo apt-get updateandsudo apt-get install supervisor. - Confirm
supervisor.serviceis active and enabled for boot. - Check the installed release with
supervisord -v; repository packages may lag upstream 4.3.0 documentation. - Keep the main configuration at
/etc/supervisor/supervisord.confand one application file per service in/etc/supervisor/conf.d/. - Use absolute command paths, an intentional working directory, and a least-privilege
user. - Apply edits with
sudo supervisorctl rereadfollowed bysudo supervisorctl update. - Use
sudo supervisorctl statusbefore and after manual start, stop, or restart operations. - Read child logs and
/var/log/supervisor/supervisord.logwhen a process fails. - Keep any
[inet_http_server]listener on localhost, protect it with credentials, and lock down the configuration file.
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