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Scan for outdated or missing drivers - takes under a minuteDriver Scan →Clear out junk files and repair common Windows errorsFree Scan →Fix the driver behind crashes, sound loss and screen glitchesFind Drivers →Use one SSH key pair for each Git identity, give each identity its own host alias in ~/.ssh/config, and point every repository at the matching alias. Set IdentitiesOnly yes so OpenSSH does not guess among unrelated keys. An SSH agent is optional, but ssh-add makes passphrase-protected keys convenient to use.
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This arrangement cleanly separates, for example, a company account from a personal account even when both accounts use the same Git host.
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1Repair Windows errors before they cause bigger problems2Scan for outdated or missing drivers - takes under a minute3Clear out junk files and repair common Windows errorsThe setup you are building
SSH normally sees a hostname such as github.com. If two accounts on that service require different keys, a plain remote such as [email protected]:team/project.git does not tell SSH which identity to select. Host aliases solve that ambiguity: each alias keeps the real hostname but maps to a different private key.
- Work identity: alias
github.com-work, key~/.ssh/id_ed25519_work - Personal identity: alias
github.com-personal, key~/.ssh/id_ed25519_personal - Repository remote: uses the alias as its hostname, not the literal
github.com
The alias affects only SSH connection selection. The Git service still receives a normal connection to its real host because HostName remains github.com.
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Before configuring SSH
Decide which identities you need
Use a separate key pair for every account or trust boundary. A work account, personal account, client account, and deployment identity should not share a private key. Clear filenames make later auditing and rotation possible.
Check your OpenSSH version and existing files
Run ssh -V and inspect your current configuration with sed -n '1,240p' ~/.ssh/config if the file exists. OpenSSH versions and Linux distributions differ in their default identity-file list. The Debian bookworm manual lists ~/.ssh/id_ed25519 among the defaults; newer Debian documentation also lists ~/.ssh/id_mldsa44_ed25519. Do not rely on a default filename when accounts need strict separation. Verify the installed behavior with man ssh_config.
Protect the SSH directory
Create the directory and apply conventional permissions before generating keys:
mkdir -p ~/.ssh
chmod 700 ~/.sshSSH may reject a private key or configuration that is writable by other users. After creating files, use chmod 600 for private keys and chmod 644 for corresponding public keys.
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Create one key pair per Git identity
Generate the work key
- Run
ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -f ~/.ssh/id_ed25519_work -C "git-work". - When prompted, enter a strong passphrase. The private key is saved as
~/.ssh/id_ed25519_work; the public key is~/.ssh/id_ed25519_work.pub. - Confirm the permissions:
chmod 600 ~/.ssh/id_ed25519_workandchmod 644 ~/.ssh/id_ed25519_work.pub.
Generate the personal key
- Run
ssh-keygen -t ed25519 -f ~/.ssh/id_ed25519_personal -C "git-personal". - Use a different passphrase if that helps you distinguish the identities, or use the same high-quality passphrase if your policy permits it.
- Apply
chmod 600 ~/.ssh/id_ed25519_personalandchmod 644 ~/.ssh/id_ed25519_personal.pub.
The comment supplied with -C is only a label; it does not authenticate you and can be changed without changing the key.
Register each public key with the correct account
Display a public key with cat ~/.ssh/id_ed25519_work.pub or cat ~/.ssh/id_ed25519_personal.pub, then add it to the SSH-key area of the matching Git account. Upload only the .pub file contents. Never upload or paste a private key, whose filename has no .pub suffix.
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Build ~/.ssh/config with host aliases
Create or edit ~/.ssh/config:
Host *
AddKeysToAgent yes
Host github.com-work
HostName github.com
User git
IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_ed25519_work
IdentitiesOnly yes
Host github.com-personal
HostName github.com
User git
IdentityFile ~/.ssh/id_ed25519_personal
IdentitiesOnly yesWhat each directive does
Host github.com-workandHost github.com-personaldefine names that you will use in Git remotes.HostName github.comtells SSH where to connect after an alias is selected.User gitis the SSH username used by this Git-hosting pattern; the account identity comes from the registered key.IdentityFilenames the private key for that alias.IdentitiesOnly yesrestricts authentication to the configured identity and certificate files, even if an agent has other keys loaded. Its default isno.AddKeysToAgent yesasks the agent to load a key when it is first used. It does not replaceIdentitiesOnlyand does not itself choose which key is valid.
Keep the wildcard block limited to genuinely global settings. OpenSSH reads command-line options first, then the user configuration, then the system configuration; for most directives, the first value obtained is used. A generic IdentityFile placed in Host * can therefore take precedence over a later alias block. The example avoids that problem by putting identity files only in the alias blocks.
Multiple IdentityFile lines
Repeating IdentityFile adds identities to the list tried in sequence; it does not replace an earlier value. That behavior is useful when one alias legitimately has several authorized keys, but it is usually the wrong choice for two separate accounts. Give each account its own alias instead.
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Optional file organization
For a larger setup, you can split entries into files and include them:
Include ~/.ssh/config.d/*.confInclude accepts glob wildcards and ~; relative user paths resolve below ~/.ssh. A Match block applies declarations only until the next Host or Match line, so keep conditional rules narrowly scoped.
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You can use passphrase-protected keys without an agent, but you will be prompted whenever SSH needs an unloaded key. Start an agent in the current shell with:
eval "$(ssh-agent -s)"Then add the keys explicitly:
ssh-add ~/.ssh/id_ed25519_work
ssh-add ~/.ssh/id_ed25519_personalList loaded identities with:
ssh-add -lIf you enabled AddKeysToAgent yes, the first connection using an alias can load that key automatically. Explicit ssh-add is still useful when you want to enter passphrases before starting Git work or when diagnosing which keys are available. Because an agent may contain unrelated keys, keep IdentitiesOnly yes in every identity-specific block.
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Point each repository at the right alias
Clone a new repository
Use the alias in the SSH URL:
git clone [email protected]:your-org/repo.gitFor a personal account on the same service:
git clone [email protected]:your-user/repo.gitThe text before the colon is parsed as the SSH host. Replacing github.com with the alias is what activates the corresponding configuration block.
Change an existing clone
Inspect the current remotes:
git remote -vChange the fetch-and-push URL together with:
git remote set-url origin [email protected]:your-org/repo.gitVerify the result with git remote -v. If the repository has a separate push URL, inspect it with git remote get-url --all origin and update it explicitly:
git remote set-url --push origin [email protected]:your-org/repo.gitGit stores the remote in .git/config. Editing that file directly is equivalent, but git remote set-url reduces syntax mistakes.
Test selection before pushing
Ask SSH which configuration it will use
Use the fully qualified alias with:
ssh -G [email protected]Review the resulting values for hostname, user, identityfile, and identitiesonly. Repeat with the personal alias. This checks configuration expansion without attempting authentication.
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Trace an authentication attempt
Run a verbose test:
ssh -vT [email protected]The trace shows which configuration files were read, which identity files were offered, and whether the server accepted a key. Output and greeting text vary by provider, and Git hosting normally does not provide an interactive shell; use the authentication result rather than expecting a particular sentence. Test the personal alias separately.
Make a harmless Git request
After SSH authentication succeeds, run git ls-remote origin inside the repository. It checks that the remote alias, account authorization, and repository path work together without creating a commit or changing files.
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Choose aliases or a per-repository command
Host aliases are the general solution, but a repository-local SSH command can be preferable when only one clone needs an exceptional key.
| Approach | Configuration | Scope | Trade-off |
|---|---|---|---|
| Host aliases | Entries in ~/.ssh/config; remotes use names such as github.com-work |
Every repository whose remote uses the alias | Centralized and predictable; every remote must use the correct alias |
Per-repository core.sshCommand |
git config core.sshCommand "ssh -i ~/.ssh/id_ed25519_work -o IdentitiesOnly=yes" |
Only the current repository, stored in .git/config |
No alias is needed, but each clone must be configured and maintained separately |
| Agent order alone | Load several keys and rely on the order offered | Any connection using that agent | Implicit and fragile; an agent can offer an unintended key or hit server attempt limits |
The per-repository command is useful for a one-off checkout, a deployment repository, or a project whose remote URL cannot be changed. Include -o IdentitiesOnly=yes so the command does not fall back to other agent identities. To set it only for the current repository, run the command from that repository without --global.
Quick Recap
Troubleshoot the common failure modes
| Symptom | Likely cause | Fix |
|---|---|---|
| The wrong account is used | The remote still contains github.com, or it uses the other alias |
Run git remote -v and replace the hostname with the intended alias using git remote set-url. |
| SSH offers several unexpected keys | IdentitiesOnly yes is missing, or the alias is not being matched |
Confirm the remote hostname, run ssh -G, and add IdentitiesOnly yes to the matching block. |
Permission denied (publickey) |
The public key is not registered to that account, the wrong private file is named, or the agent has not loaded a passphrase-protected key | Check the alias with ssh -G, run ssh-add -l, add the intended key, and verify that the corresponding .pub key is attached to the correct account. |
| Changes work for fetch but not push | A separate push URL points to another host or alias | Inspect git remote get-url --all origin and set the push URL explicitly. |
| Configuration changes appear ignored | An earlier declaration supplied the value, or the file has a syntax/permission problem | Check ordering, remembering that the first value found usually wins; run ssh -G and inspect verbose output with ssh -vT. |
| The key is rejected before authentication | Private-key or ~/.ssh permissions are too broad |
Use chmod 700 ~/.ssh, chmod 600 ~/.ssh/id_ed25519_work, and the equivalent mode for every private key. |
| A copied configuration works on one machine but not another | The second machine has different OpenSSH defaults or missing key files | Copy keys through a secure method, check paths, and consult that machine’s man ssh_config for version-specific defaults. |
Security and maintenance practices
- Keep private keys readable only by your account and never commit them to a repository, paste them into an issue, or send them through chat.
- Use a passphrase and let the agent retain the unlocked key for the session instead of storing an unencrypted private key.
- Record which alias belongs to which account. The filename and comment are labels, while the Git service’s registered public key determines authorization.
- When a device is lost or an employee leaves, remove that key from the Git account immediately and create a replacement pair rather than reusing a shared private key.
- Review
ssh-add -lwhen troubleshooting and remove an unnecessary loaded key withssh-add -d ~/.ssh/id_ed25519_personal. - Back up private keys only in an encrypted, access-controlled location. A public key can be regenerated from a private key, but not the reverse.
A repeatable checklist
- Create a uniquely named Ed25519 key pair for each Git identity.
- Register each public key with the matching account.
- Add one alias block per identity in
~/.ssh/config, includingHostName,User,IdentityFile, andIdentitiesOnly yes. - Start
ssh-agentwhen needed and load keys withssh-add, or rely onAddKeysToAgent yesfor first-use loading. - Set every repository remote to the correct alias hostname.
- Use
ssh -G,ssh -vT, andgit ls-remoteto verify selection and authorization. - If aliases are unsuitable for one repository, set a repository-local
core.sshCommandwith an explicit identity andIdentitiesOnly=yes.
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